Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information

Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.

इंटरनेट मानक

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

“प0रा1 को छोड न' 5 तरफ”Jawaharlal Nehru

“Step Out From the Old to the New”

“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार”Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

“The Right to Information, The Right to Live”

“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता है”Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam

“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

है”ह”ह

IS 2386-2 (1963): Methods of test for aggregates forconcrete, Part 2: Estimation of deleterious materials andorganic impurities [CED 2: Cement and Concrete]

Gr 4

IS : 2386 ( Part II ) - 1963(Reaffirmed 2011)

Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FORAGGREGATES FOR CONCRETE

PART II ESTIMATION OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALSAND ORGANIC IMPURITIES

Eleventh Reprint SEPTEMBER 2006( Including Amendment No. I )

UDC 691.322 : 543.86

<0 Copyright 1963

B U R E A U O F I N D I A N S T A N D A R D SMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHI 110002

October 1963

IS : 2386 ( Part D) • 1M3

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR

AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETEPART II ESTIMATION OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALS

AND ORGANIC IMPURITIES

Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee, BDC 2

The Alsociated Cement -Companies Ltd, Bombay

RepresentingThe Concrete Asaociation of India, Bombay

s. B. Joahi & Co Private Ltd" BombayU. P. Government Cement Factory, ChurkDirectorate General of Supplies " Diapo861a

( Mini8try of Economic & Defen08 Co-ordinat.ion )

Ohaif' manSasl K. K: NA~BIAB

Member.SHBI K. V. TUADANBY( AllemaN to

Shri K. K. Nambiar)SSBI K. F. ANTIASBBIP.S.BHATNAOABDR I. C. Dos M. PAIS CUDDOU

SBat P. L. DAB ( Al'.mo'~ )PBOI' S. R. M.BRA Central Road Research Inetitute ( CSIR ),

New DelhiBHBI N. H. MOBILE The Conorete Association of India, BombayBaBI S. N. MUKEBJ'I Government Teat House, Caloutta

SHBI N. C. SEN GUPTA. (Altemaee)8RBl EBACB A. NADIBSHAB Institution or Engineers ( India). CalcuttaSsw C. B. PATEL National Buildings Organisation (Ministry of

Works, Housing & Rehabilitation)SSKI RABINDER SINOH (Alt~mate)

PROJ' G. S. RAMASWAMY Central Building Research In8titute (CSIR),Roorkee

SSRI K_StVA PRASAD ( AZ,ernat, )

M. N. D••tut & Co Private Ltd, CalcuttaBbakra Dam Designs Directorate, New DelhiCentral Water & Power Commission ( Miniltry of

Irrigation & Power)SHBI Y. K. MURTHY ( Alumau)

SRal N. D. DArrABY Kbira Steel Works Private Ltd, BombayS••I N., G. DEWAN Central Public Works Department

SUPBRINTENDING ENOINElI:a.2ND exBOLE ( Aluma'e )

Da R. R. HATTIANOADISSBI V. N. PAl (Alternate)

SaBI P. C. HAZRA Geological Survey of India, CalcuttaJOINT DIREOTOR STAlJDABD8 Reeearch, Designs & Standards Organization

( B&S ) ( Ministry of Railways)A88IBTANT DIBEOTOB ST.AMD-

ABD8 ( B&S) ( Aleflmale )SRBI S. B. J08HISRBI M. M. LALSSBIB.N.MAJUKDAB

( Comtnued Oft ,.,. I )

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELIII 110002

IS : 2386 ( Part II ) - 1963

( Oontinu~d from page 1)

Members Repr~.""ting

SRRI T. N. S. RAO Gammon India Ltd, BombaySHRI S. R. PINHEIRO ( Alternate)

RXPRtdU·;N'.l'ATIVE Martin Burn Ltd, CalcuttaSURI NIHAR CHANDRA Roy Da.lrnia Cernerrt ( Bharat ) Ltd, CalcuttaSECRETARY Central Board of Irriga.tion a. Power (MiDiat,1")' of

J rrigation & Power)BRIG G. S. SIROTA Engiueer-in-Chief''e Branch, Army Headquarten

SUBI R. S. Ml£HANDRU (Alt~rnate)

TJa Bu. SUUDARAJU India.n Reads Congress, New DelhiSBRI J. 1\1. TREHAN Hoads Wing, Ministry of Tra.nsport &, Commu-

nicat.ionsSHft,1 N. H. KJo~SW."NI ( Altt'rnate)

DR H. C. VISVl':SVARAYA. I)i".)('l,or, IHI (jJx-offirif) l.l"mbtr)Deputy Direr-tor ( Bld~ )

S~cret(JTY

SHal A. PRITHIVI RAJ

Extra. Assists.. t Director ( Bldg), lSI

Concrete Subcommittee, nne 2 : 2

S.B.•Joshi &, Co Private Ltd, Bombay

Roads "'jng, Ministry of Transport & Communi­cations

c..~onvenf'r

SHRJ S. Boo JOSHI

Mt!mbcrsASSI8TANT DIRECTOR STANIlAROS

( B&S)S8RI N. H. BIIAGWANANIDR I. C. Dos M. PAIS CUDDOU

PaOF G.S.RAMASWAMV

Research, Designa &. Standards Organization( Minist.ry of Railways)

Engineer-in-Chief''n Brunch, Arrny HoadquartersCent.ral Wu,ter &; Power Comrnlaaion ( Ministry of

Irrigation & Power)~HIU Y. K. l\{URTHY ( Alternate )

SUR' P. L. DAR Directorate General of Supplies & Disposals( ~fini8try of Economic & Defence Co-ordination)

SUBI B. N. ~IA,)UMUAR ( Alternate ,DIRBCTOR Engineering Research Laboratory , HyderabadSaRI V. N. GUNAJI MuhuruRhtra Public Works DepurtmeutSSRI M. A. HAF~E7. Nat.ional Buildmgs Organ isat.ion (1\[ini~try of

Works, Housing & Rehabil it.at.ion )SaRI B. S. StIlVAMURT1' Y (Alternate)

SRBI C. L. HANDA Central Wate,· & Power Commission (T\1inistry ofIrrigation & Power)

9ft)U P. C. HAZRA Geological Survey of India, Calcutta.SURI K. K. NAMUIAR The Concrete Associat ion of India, Bombay

SHBI C. L. N. IYENGAR ( Alternate )DR M L. PURl Central Road Re~'-:)o.r\:h Inst.it.ute ( CSIR ),

Now l)eihiCent ral Building Research Irist.itute (CSIR),

RoorkeeSRIH K. SIVA PR.ASAT> ( Alternate )

SUBI 'r. N. S. RAO G&.J11D10n India Ltd, BombaySURI S. R. PINliEIRO ( Alternate )

8UPEBINTENlJ1NG ENCI.N}£}o;R. Central Public WInks Dopart.ment2ND CIRCLE

SHRI O. P. GOEL ( Altr.rnate ,SSRl J. M. TBElIAN

SSRI Roo P. SIKKA ( Alternate )SURI H. T. YAN Braithwaite Burn & Jessop Construction Co Ltd,

Calcutta

2

AMENOM£NT NO. 1 FEBRUARY 1983

TOIS:2386(Part 11)-1963 METHODS OF TEST FOR

AGGREGATlS FOR CONCRETEPART II ESTIMATION OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALS

AND ORGANIC IMPURITIES

Al ter.at1!?lt

(P'P8 1'. CZOUBII 8.1) - Substitute the tolloviD,tor the existing clau8e:

"6.1 Q.bJ..eet - This metbod ot test covers an appro%1­mate method or estimating vbether organlQ compoundsare present in natural sand in sutficient quantitiesto be h~l. and hence 1s intended to show vhetberfurther teste are neces8ary or desirable.

NOTE 1 - The test for determination of etfect oforganic impurities on mortar strength 18 covered byIS:2386(Part VI)-1963 'Method of teet tor aggregateBtor concrete:Part VI Measuring mortor maklr:g pro­pert1~s or tine aggregates'.

NOTE 2 - Harmless organic materials may causecolouratlon and certain Datur!Uly occurring organiccompounds do not cause colouratlon.

(BDC 2)

Printed at : Prabhat Offset Press. New Delhi-2

IS : 2316 ( Part II) - 1963

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR

AGGREGATES FOR CONCRETEPART II ESTIMATION OF DELETERIOUS MATERIALS

AND ORGANIC IMPURITIES

o. FOREWORD

0.1 This Indian Standard (Part II) was adopted by the Indian Stan­dards Institution on 22 August 1963, after the draft finalized by theCement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by theBuilding Division Council.

0.2 One of the major contributing factors to the quality of concrete is thequality of aggregates used therein. The test methods given in thisstandard are intended to assist in assessing the quality of aggregates.In a given situation, for a particular aggregate, it may not be necessaryto assess all the qualities and therefore it is necessary to determine before­hand the purpose for which a concrete: is being used and the qualitiesof the aggregate which require to be assessed. Accordingly, the relevanttest methods may be chosen from amongst the various tests covered inthis standard. For the convenience of the users the test methods are~roupcd into the following eight parts of Indian Standard Methods ofTest for Aggregates for Concrete ( IS : 2386-1963 ):

Part IPart II

Part III

Part IVPart VPart \11

Part VI IPart VIII

Particle Size and ShapeEstimation of Deleterious Materials and OrganicImpuritiesSpecific Gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption andBulkingMechanical Properties

SoundnessMeasuring Mortar Making Properties of Fine AggregateAlkali Aggregate ReactivityPetrographic Examination

0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of thisstandard has taken into consideration the views of the concrete specialists.

3

IS : 2316 ( Part II) - 1M3

testing authorities, consumers and technologists and has related the stand­ard to the practices followed in this country. Further the need forinternational co-ordination among standards prevailing in differentcountries of the world has also been recognised. These considerationsled the Sectional Committee to derive assistance from the publishedstandards and publications of the following organizations:

British Standards Institution

American Society for Testing and Materials

0.4 Wherever a reference to any Indian Standard appear, m these methods,it shall be taken as a reference to its latest version.

0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, ex­pressing the result of a test or analysis. shall be rounded off in accordancewith IS : 2-1960 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values (Revised).The number of significant places retained in the rounded off value shouldbe the same as that of the specified value in this standard.

0.6 This standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisionsrelating to testing ofaggregates for concrete, and it does not cover all thenecessary provisions of a contract.

r, SCOPE

1.1 This standard (Part II) covers the following tests for aggregatesfor concrete:

a) Determination of clay lumps,b) Determination of clay, fine silt and fine dust ( sedimentation

method ),c) Determination of light-weight pieces ( coal and lignite ),d) Determination of soft particles, ande) Estimation of organic impurities.

2. DETERMINATION OF CLAY LUMPS

1.1 Object -1"his method of test covers the procedure for the approxi­mate determination of clay lumps in the routine examination ofaggregates.

4

IS : 1386 ( Part U ) • U63

2.2 Apparatus - The apparatus shan consist of the following:

a) Balance - A balance or scale sensitive to within 0-1 percent ofthe weight of the sample to be weighed.

b) Containers _. Containers of a size and shape that will permit thespreading of the sample on the bottom in a thin layer.

c) Sieves - Sieves conforming to IS : 460-1962 Specification for TestSieves ( Revised ).

2.3 Sampling

2.3.1 Samples shall be obtained by quartering or by the use of asampler, from a representative sample selected from the material to betested. They shall be handled in such a manner as to avoid breaking upclay lurnps which may be present.

2.3.2 Samples shall be dried to constant weight at a temperature notexceeding 110°C.

2.3.3 Samples of fine aggregate shall consist of particles coarserthan 1-18-film I S Sieve and shall weigh not less than 100 g_

2.3.4 Samples of coarse aggregate shall be separated into different sizesusing 4·75-nlm, IO-rOITI, 20-rnrn and 4O-mm IS Sieves. The weight of thesample for different sizes shall be not less than those indicated below:

Size of Particles MakingUp the Samples

mm

Over 4-75 to 10" 10" 20" 20" 40" 40

Weight ofSampleMin

g

I {)()()200030005000

2.3.5 In the case of mixtures of fine and coarse aggregates, thematerial shall be separated into two sizes on 4-75-mm IS Sieve, andthe samples of fine and coarse aggregates shall be prepared as describedunder 2.3.3 and 2.3.4-

%.4 Procedure - The sample shall be spread in a thin layer on thebottom of the container and examined for clay lumps. Any particles

5

IS: DI6( Part D) -1M3

which can be broken into finely divided particles with the fingers, shall beclassified as clay lumps. After all discernible clay lumps have beenbroken, the residue from the clay lumps shall be removed by the use ofsieves indicated below:

,t

Size of Particle! MakingUp the Sample

Fine aggregate ( retainedon 1-18-mm IS Sieve)

Over 4-75 rom to 10 mm10 mm to 20 mm

t, 20 nun to 40 mm" 40 DIm

Size ofSine for SievingResidue ofClay Lumps

8SO-micron

2·36mm4-75 mm4-75 mm4·75 mm

2.5 CalclllatioD - The percentage of clay lumps shall be calculatedto the nearest 0·1 percent in accordance with the following formula:

W-RL=-~-xl00

Wwhere

L = percentage of clay lumps,W = weight of sample, andR = weight of sample after removal of clay lumps.

2.6 ReportlDlof Resll1ts - The percentage of clay lumps in the aggregateshall be reported to the nearest 0·1 percent.

3. DETERMINATION OF CLAY, FINE SILT AND FINE DUST(SEDIMENTATION MEmOD)

3.1 Object - This is a gravimetric method for determining the clay, finesilt and fine dust, which includes particles up to 20 mircon. Differencesin the nature and density of materials or in the temperature at the time oftesting may vary the separation point.

3.2 Apparatus - The apparatus shall consist of the following:

a) A watertight screw-topped glass jar of dimensions similar to aI-kg fruit preserving jar.

b) A device for rotating the jar about its long axis, with this axishorizontal, at a speed of 80±20 rev/min.

6

IS : 2386 ( Part II) - 1963

c) A sedimentation pipette of the Andreason type of approximately25 ml capacity and of the general form indicated in Fig. I. Thisconsists mainly of a pipette fitted at the top with a two-way tapand held rigidly in a clamp which can be raised or lowered asrequired, and which is fitted with a scale from which the changesin height of the pipette can be read.

The volume of the pipette A, including the connecting bore ofthe tap B, is determined by filling with distilled water; by reversingthe tap, the water is run out into a bott [c-, weighed and the volumecalculated.

d) A I OOO-ml measuring cylinder.

e) A scale or balance of capacity not less than 10 kg, readable andaccurate to one gram.

f) A scale or balance of capacity not Jess than 250 g, readable andaccurate to 0·001 go

g) A well-ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled, to maintain atemperature of 100 to 110°0.

3.3 Chemicals - A solution containing 8 g of sodium oxalate per litre ofdistilled water shall be taken. For use, this stock solution is diluted withdistilled water to one tenth ( that is 100 ml diluted with distilled water toone litre).

3." Test Sample - The sample for test shall be prepared from the mainsample taking particular care that the test sample contains a correctproportion of the finer material. The amount of sample taken for test shallbe in accordance with Table °1.

TABLE I WEIGHT OF SAMPLE FOR DETERMINATION OF CLAY.FINE SILT AND FINE DUST

MAXIMUM SIZE PRESENT INSUBSTANTIAL PAOPOR'l'IONA

rom

63 to 2620 to 12°510 to 6°34·75 or arnaller

ApPROXIMATE \VEJOBT OFSA"PL}~ FOR TesT

kg

610-:;0-3

3.... 1 All-in aggregates shall be separated into fine and coarse fractionsby sieving on a 4·75-mm IS Sieve and the two samples so obtained shallbe tested separately.

7

IS : 1386 ( Part n ) - 1963

E

c

B

SCALE GRADUATEDIN em AND mm

SL(OING PANEL

1000 mtSEDIMENTATION

TUBE

FIG. 1 8BDIIIBNTATION PIPETTB rOB DETBRMINATIONOJ' CLAY AND SILT CONTENT

3.5 Test Procedure3.5.1 Method for Fine Aggregate - Approximately 300 g of the sample

in the air-dry condition, passing the 4·75·mm IS Sieve, shall be weighedand placed in the screw-topped glass jar, together with 300 ml of thediluted sodium oxalate solution. The Tubber washer and cap shall befixed, care being taken to ensure watertightness. The jar shall then be

8

IS : 1386 ( Part II). 1963

rotated about its long axis, with this axis horizontal, at a speed of 80±20rev/min for a period of 15 minutes.

3.5.1.1 At the end of 15 minutes, the suspension shall be pouredinto the I OOO-mi measuring cylinder and the residue washed by gentleswirling and decantation of successive ISO-rol 'portions of sodium oxalatesolution, the washings being added to the cylinder until the volume ismade up to 1 000 ml. The determination shall be completed as describedIn 3.5.3.

3.5.2 Method for Coarse Aggregate - The weighed sample shall beplaced in a suitable container, covered with a measured volume of sodiumoxalate solution (0'8 g per litre), agitated vigorously to remove alladherent fine material and the liquid suspension transferred to theI OOO-mi measuring cylinder. This process shall be repeated as necessaryuntil all clayey material has been transferred to the cylinder. The volumeshall be made up to 1 000 ml with sodium oxalate solution and thedetermination completed as described in 3.5.3.

3.5.3 The suspension in the measuring cylinder shall be thoroughlymixed by inversion and the tube and contents immediately placed inposition under the pipette. The pipette A shall then be gently lowereduntil the tip touches the surface of the liquid, and then lowered a further10 cm into the liquid. Three minutes after placing the tube in position,the pipette A and the bore of tap B shall be filled by 'opening Bandapplying gentle suction at C. A small surplus may be drawn up into thebulb between tap B and tube C, but this shall be allowed to run awayand any solid matter shall be washed out with distilled water from E.The pipette shall then be removed from the measuring cylinder and itscontents run into a weighed container, any adherent solids being wahsedinto the container by distilled water from E through the tap B.

The contents of the container shall be dried at 100 to 110°C toconstant weight, cooled and weighed.

3.6 Calculations - The proportion of fine silt and clay or fine dust shallthen be calculated from the following formula:

Percentage of clay and fine silt or fine dust = ~;( 1~WI -O'S)

whereWI = weight in g of the original sample,WI = weight in g of the dried residue,

V = volume in ml of the pipette, and0·8 E:: weight in g of sodium oxalate in one litre of the

diluted solution.

NOTE - No correction is made for water soluble ealta whioh may be p.....n'in the aand, since the amount of mob ..Ita should be amall.

9

IS : 2386 ( Part II ) - 1963

3.7 Reporting of Results - The clay, fine silt and fine dust content shallbe reported to the nearest 0·1 percent.

4. DETERMINATION OF LIGHT-WEIGHT PIECES(COAL AND LIGNITE)

... t Object - This method of test covers the procedure (or determinationof approximate percentage of light-weight pieces in aggregate by meansof sink-float separation in a heavy liquid of suitable specific gravity.

4.2 Apparatus - The apparatus shall consist of the following:

a) Balances _. For weighing fine aggregates, a balance having acapacity of not less than 500 g, sensitive to at least 0·1 g; forweighing coarse aggregates, a balance having a capacity of not lessthan 5 000 g, sensitive to at least I g.

b) Containers - Containers suitable for drying the aggregate sample,and containers suitable for holding the heavy liquid during thesink-float separation.

c) Skimmer - A piece of300-micron sieve cloth of suitable size andshape for separating the floating pieces from the heavy liquid.

d) Hot-Plate or Oven.

4.3 Heavy Liquid

".3.1 The heavy liquid shall consist of a mixture of carbon tetra­chloride, and 1, I, 2, 2-tetrabromoethane, bromoform, and monobromo­benzene, or bromoform and benzene (see Note 1 ), in such proportionsthat the desired specific gravity will be obtained (see Note 2). Bromo­trichloromethane may be used as a heavy liquid having a specific gravityof 2'00. The specific gravity shall be maintained within ± 0'01 of thespecified value at all times during the test.

NOTIC 1 - Recovery of the bromoform in the bromoform-benzene mixturecan be effected by running .. stream of wat.er through the mixture until all benzenehal been dissclved and removed.

NOTE 2 - Caution : The chemicals listed in 4.3.1 are highly toxic, botb byabeorption through the skin and by inhalation. They shall be used only in a hood,and ~.re shan be taken t.o avoid contact, with the skin or inhalation of the fumes,

10

IS : 2386 ( Part II ) • 1963

4.3.2 The approximate volumes of materials to be combined toproduce a mixture of the desired specific gravity may be computed fromthe following specific gravities of the different liquids:

Liquid

1,I,2,2-tetrabrornoethaneBenzeneBromoformCarbon tetrachlorideMonobrornobenzene

SpecificGravit)'

2-970'882'881·58)"49

4.3.1.1 For determining coal and lignite, the heavy liquid used shallhave a specific gravity of 2"00 ±O'O].

".4 Sample - The minimum size of test sample shall be as follows:

Maximum Size ofAggregate

mm

6-3 ( fine aggregate )204080

4.S Procedure

Minimum Weightof Sample

g

20030005000

10000

4.5.1 Fine Aggregate - Allow the dried sample of fine aggregate tocool to rOOIJl temperature and then sieve over a 300-Inicron IS Sieve untilless than one percent of the retained material passes the sieve in oneminute of continuous sieving, Weigh the material coarser than the300-micron IS Sieve to the nearest 0"1 g; then introduce it into the heavyliquid in a suitable container, the volume of liquid being at least three t irnesthe absolute volume of the aggregate. Pour the liquid off into a secondcontainer, passing it through the skimmer and taking care that only thefloating pieces arc poured off with the liquid and that none of the sand isdecanted onto the skimmer. Return to the first container the liquid thathas been collected in the second container and, after further agitation ofthe sample by stirring, repeat the decanting process just described untiltile sample is free of floating pieces. Wash the decanted pieces containedon the skimmer in carbon tetrachloride, until the heavy liquid is removed,and then dry, The pieces wiil dry very quickly, but may be placed inan oven at IOS"C for a few minute! if desired. Brush the dry decante-d

11

IS : 2386 ( Put n )•1963

piece. from the skimmer onto the balance pan and determine the weightto the nearest 0·1 g.

4.5.2 Coarse .Aggregate - Allow the dried sample of coarse aggregateto cool to room temperature and sieve over a 4-7S-mm IS Sieve, Weighthe material coarser than the 4-7S-mm IS Sieve to the nearest 1 g; thenintroduce it into the heavy liquid in a suitable container, the volume ofliquid being at least three times the absolute volume of the aggregate,Using the skimmer, remove the pieces that rise to the surface, and lavethem. Repeatedly agitate the remaining pieces and remove the floatingpieces until no additional pieces rise to the surface. Wash the decantedpieces in carbon tetrachloride until all of the heavy liquid is removed, andallow to dry. Determine the weight of the decanted pieces to the nearestone gram.

NOTII- Materials, browniah black or black shan be considered as coal andlipite and shall be collected and weilhed.

4.6 Calculation - Calculate the percentage of light-weight pieces (piecesfloating on the heavy liquid) as follows:

For fine aggregate:

WL = _IX 100WI

For coarse aggregate:

where

L == percentage of light-weight pieces;

WI =a dry weight in g, of decanted pieces;

W. :::z dry weight in g, of portion of sample coarser than300-micron IS Sieve; and

W. = dry weight in g, of portion of sample coarser than4-7S-mm IS Sieve.

4.7 a.portlnl of a.ults- The percentage of light-weight pieces (coaland lignite) in the aggregate shall be reported to the nearest 0-1percent.

12

IS : 2386 ( Part D) • J_S. DETERMINATION OF SOIT PARTICLES

5 ..1 Object - This method of teat deals with the procedure of determin­ing the quantity of soft particles in coarse aggregates on the basil ofscratch-hardness.

NOD - Thia method i. intended to be WI8d to identify material. that are 10ft,including thOle which are 10 poorly bonded that the eeparate particles in the piecean ...ily detached from the m.... The teat i. not intended to identify other type.or deleterioue materiala in &larePte•.

5.2 A"aratllS - The apparatus shall consist of a brass rod, having aRockwell hardness of6S RHB to 75 RHB.

5.2.1 A brass rod of about 1·6 mm diameter and of proper hard­ness inserted into the wood shaft of an ordinary lead pencil is a con­venient tool for field or laboratory use.

5.3 S....e

5.3.1 Aggregates for the test shall consist of material from which thesizes finer than the to-mm IS Sieve have been removed. Thesample tested shall be of such size that it will yield not less than thefellowing amounts of the different sizes, which shall be available inamounts of 10 percent or more:

Sieve Size( Square Opening Sines)

mm

Over 10 to 12'S" 12'5 " 20" 20 " 25" 25" 40" 4O uSO

Sample Weight

g

200600

t 5004500

12 000

5.3.2 If the sample contains less than 10 percent of any of the sizesspecified under 5.3.1, the size shall not be tested but, for the purposeof calculating the test results) it shall be considered to contain the samepercentage of the soft particles as the average of the next smaller and thenext larger size, or, if one of these sizes is absent. it shall be consi­dered to have the same percentage of soft particles as the next largeror next smaller size, whichever is present.

13

IS : 2386 (Part II ) - 1963

5.4 Procedure - Each particle of aggregate under test shall bescratched with the brass rod described in 5.2 using only a small amount(about 1 kg) of pressure. Particles are considered to be soft if during thescratching process, a groove is made in them without deposition ofmetal from the brass rod or if separate particles are detached from therock mass.

NOTE - In the 08S6 of some sandetones, brass fragments may be depoaitedon hard individual grains while at the same time separate particles are datachedfrom t.he mess due to a weak binding medium. Such particles are to be coneideredas soft ,

s.s Calculation and Report - The report shall include the followinginformation:

a) Weight and number of particles of each size of each sample testedwith the brass rod;

b) \Veight and number of particles of each size of each sampleclassified as soft in the test;

c) Percentage of test sample classified as soft by weight and bynumber of particles; and

d) \Veighccl average percentage of soft particles calculated from per­centage in item (c) and based on the grading of sample of aggre­gate received for examination Of, preferably, on the averagegrading of the material from that portion of the supply of whichthe sample is representative. In these calculations, sizes finer thanthe lfl-ruru IS Sieve shall not be included.

6. ES'flMATION OF ORGANIC 1~1PURITIES

6.1 Object - This method of test covers an approximate method ofestirnat in,go whether organic compound" are present in natural sand insufficient quantities to be harmful, and hence intended to show whetherfurther tests are neressarv or desirable.

KOTE -- Hurrnlesa organic materials nH.1.Y cause colourat ion and certainnaturally occurring organic corn pounds do not cause colourat ion.

6.2 Procedure

6.2.1 The sand shall be tested as delivered and without drying.A 3S0-ml graduated clear glass medicine bottle shall be filled to the75-ml mark with 3 percent solution of sodium hydroxide in water. Thesand shall be added gradually until the volume measured hy the sand

14

IS : 2386(Part II) • 1963

layer i~ 125 ml , The volume shall then be made up to 200 ml byadding more solution. The bottle shall be stoppered and shakenvigorously and then allowed to stand for 24 hours.

'.2.1 Other test" shall be made if the colour of the liquid abovethe sand is darker than a standard solution freshly prepared as follows:

Add 2·5 ml of 2 percent solution of tannic acid in 10 percentalcohol, to 97"5 ml of a 3 percent sodium hydroxide solution.Place in a 350-ml bottle, stopper, shake vigorously and allowto stand for 24 hours before comparison with the solution abovethe sand. Alternatively, an instrument or coloured acetate sheetsfor making the comparison can be obtained, but it is desirablethat these should be verified on receipt by comparison with thestandard solution.

IS

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