Is 2386 Part-III Method of Test for Aggregate for Concrete.182110928

8/6/2019 Is 2386 Part-III Method of Test for Aggregate for Concrete.182110928

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IS : 2386 ( Part III ) - 1963( Reaf f i rmed 1990 )

Indian StandardMETHODS OF TEST FOR

AGGREGATES FOR CQNCRETEPART Ill SPECIFIC GRAVITY, DENSITY, VOIDS,

ABSORPTldN AND BULKING( Eighth Reprint MARCH 1997 )

1

JJDC 691.322 : 531.75

0 Copyright 1963BUREAU OF INDIAN STANPARDSMANAKBHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

( Reaffirmed 1997 )


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IndianMETHODS

AGGREGATES

I!s:2386(Paq-III)-1963StandardOF TEST FORFOR CONCRETE

PART III SPECIFIC GRAVITY, DENSITY, VOIDS,ABSORPTION AND BULKINGCerhent and Concrete Sectional Committee, BIIC 2

ChairmanSHRI K. K. NAM~IAR

Members&pWS#?lling

The Concrete Association of India, BombaySHR~1.:. v. TIXADAN~ Y Aiternate toSbri K. K. Nambiar )

SHRI K. F. ANTIA M. N. Dastur & Co Private Ltd, CalcuttaSHRI P. S. BHATNACAR Bhakra Dam Designs Directorate, New Delhi,R I. C. DOS M. PArS CUDDC;J Central Water 82 Power Commission ( Ministry of

SHRI Y. k. MVRTHY ( Altemote) Irrigation & Power )Khira Steel Wor ks Private Ltd. BombavHRI N. D. DAFTARYS~r.1 N. G. DEWANSUPERINTENDINGNGINE~~R,ZND CIRCLE ( Al&male )DR R. R. HATTIANoADI

SIiRI v. N. PA1 ( &c rn& !SHR~P. C. HAZRA

Central Public Works Departmknt

The Associated Cement Companies Ltd, BnmbayGeological Sur vey of India, CalcuttaRexarc!, . Designs 6 Standards Organization( Mnustr y of Kailways )JOINT DIHI~CTOR STANDARDS

( Bz~~ DIRECTOR STAN DARDS ( B&S ) ( A&emote

SHRI S. B. JOSHIStIRI M. M..LALSHR I B. N . MAJUUDAR

& RI P. L. DAS ( Alkr nalr )Pao~ S. R. MEHRASARI N. v. MOHILESHRI S. N. MuaERJ tSRRI N. C. SEN GUPTA ( Alfematc )SHI U ERACH A. NADIR .SHAIIsxku C. B. PATEL Institution of Engineers ( Ind ia )! CalcuttaNational Buildings Or ganisatlon (Ministry of

S. b. J oshi &Co Private Ltd, BombayU.P. Government Cement Factor y, ChurkDirectorate General of Supplres B Disposals( Ministry of Economic & Defence Co-ordination )Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR );New DelhiThe Concrete Association of India, BombayGovernment Test House, Calcutta

Y&RI RABINDERSINGH ( AU17note) Works, Housing & Rehabilitation )PROPG. S. RAMA~WAMY Central Building Research Institute ( CSXR j,RoorkeeSHR I K. SIVA PR MAD ( Alturnafe )( Conhued on # age 2 )

BUREAU OF INDMN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG

NEW DELHL 110002


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IS:Z386(PartIII)-1963( -fiamPw 1)Aidhnbers RdnanringSHUT. N. S. RAO Gammon India Ltd, BombaySum S. R. PINHEIR (Altmrok )RxPuEusNTATtvz Martin Burn Ltd, CalcuttaSstsu Nmm Clurmlu RO Y Dalmia Cement ( Bhatat ) Ltd, Calcuttaf&CRETARY Central Board of Ir rigation & Power (Ministry ofIr rigation & Power )Bmo G. S. Strmr~ Engineer-in-Chiefs Branch, Army Headquar tersSHRI R. S. MEHANDRU (Alhrnal )I)r &. SVBBARAJ U Indian R oads Congress, New DelhiSanr J. M. Tarsum Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport & Commu-nicationsSum N. H. Kzsw~~l ( Afkra&)DaH.C. bWIWARAYA, Director, IS 1 ( Ex_odiicioMrmbcr )Deputy Director ( Bldg ) Secre#qStint A. Parr titvt RAJExtra Assistant Director ( Bldg ), IS1

cont*nffSm S. B. Josutlutmbcrs

Concrete Subcommittee, BDC 2 : 2S. B. J oshi & Co Private Ltd, Bombay

Asstttv~~ DIRECTOR STANDARDS Research, Designs & Standar ds Or ganizationSn%H BHAGWANANX (Ministry of Railways )DR I. d. l&s M. Pm Cunnou Engineer-in-Cl&fs Branch, Army Headquar tersCentral Water & Power Commission ( Ministry of

Ir rigation & Power )Sum Y. K. MURRIY ( Alkmatc )S~nr P. L. DUI Directorate Gener al of Supplies & Disposals( Ministry of Economic & Defence Co-ordination )St-ntr B. N. MAJ ~~ ~AR ( Altemah )DlREClDR Engineering Research Laboratory, HyderabadSum V. N. GUNAJ~ Maharashtra Public Work s DepartmentSrr nt M. A. H APEEZ National Buildings Or ganisation ( Ministry of WorkHousing & Rehabilitation )Snttx B. S. SHIVAYURTHY A&mate )SHRI G. L. fiNDA Central Water & Power Commission (Ministry ofIr rigation & Power )Sum P . C. HAZRA Geological Survey of India, CalcuttaSnm K. K. NAM~IAR The Concrete Association of India, BombaySum C. L. N. IYENGAR (Alternate )ti M. L. PURI Central Road Research Institute ( CSIR ),New DelhiPROP G. S. RAMA~~VAB~Y Cent;tar feilding Research Institute ( CSIR ),

SHRI K. SIVAPRASAD (Alternate )SHRI T. N. S. RAO Gammon India Ltd. Bombay

SXRI S.R. P~NHEIRO Aftemate )SIJPP;;~IRENDING ENGINEER, ZND Central Public W orks Department

SHRI 0. P. GGEL ( Altemnte )SHRI . M. TREHAN Roads Wing, Ministry of Transport & Communi-cationsSmr R. P. StttKA ( Alternate)SHRI H. T. Ym Braith$h;Uw B J essop

2cGnstructi0n CG La


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IS : 2386 ( Part III ) - 1963Indian Standard

METHODS OF TEST FORAGGREGATES FOR CONCRETEPART III SPECIFIC GRAVITY, DENSITY, VOIDS,ABSORPTION AND BULKING

0. FOREWORD0.1 his ndian Standard ( Part III ) was adopted by the IndianStandards Institution on 22 August 1963, after the draft finalized bythe Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved bythe Building Division Council.0.2 One of the,major contributing factors to the quality of concrete is thequality of aggregates used therein. The test methods given in thisstandard are intended to assist in assessing he quality of aggregates. Ina given situation, for a particular aggregate, it may not be necessary to-assessall the qualities and therefore it is necessary to determine before-hand the purpose for which a concrete is being used and the qualities ofthe. aggregate which require to be assessed. Accordingly, the relevanttest methods may be chosen from amongst the various tests covered inthis standard. For the convenience of the user, the test methods aregrouped into the following eight parts of Indian Standard Methods ofTest for Aggregates for Concrete ( IS : 2386-1963 ):

Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IVPart vPart VIPart VIIPart VIII

Particle Size and ShapeEstimation of Deleterious Materials and OrganicImpuritiesSpecific Gravity, Density, Voids, Absorption and BulkingMechanical PropertiesSoundnessMeasuring Mortar Making Properties of Fine AggregateAlkali Aggregate ReactivityPetrographic Examination

0.3 The Sectional Committee responsible for the preparation of thisstandard has taken into consideration the views of the concrete specialists,testing authorities, consumers .and technologists and has related thestandard to the practices followed in the country in this field. Furtherthe need for international co-ordinatiod among standards prevailing in

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ISt2386(PartIII)L1963different countries of the world has also been recognized. These con-siderations led the Sectional Committee to derive assistance from thepublished standards and publications of the following organizations:

British Standards InstitutionAmerican Society for Testing and Materials

0.4. Wherever a reference to any Indian Standard appears in thesemethods, it shall be taken as a reference to its latest version.0.5 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thisstandard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accord-ance with IS : 2-1960 Rules for Rounding Off Numerical Values ( Revised ).The number of significant places retained in the rounded off valueshould be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.0.6 This standard is intended chiefly to cover the technical provisionsrelating to testing of aggregates for concrete, and it does not include allthe necessary provisions of a contract.

1.. SCOPE1.1 This standard ( Part II I ) covers the following tests for aggregates forconcrete:

a) Determination of specific gravity and water absorption,b) Determination of bulk density and voids,c) Determination of necessary adjustment for bulking of fineaggregate ( field method ), andd) Determination of surface moisture in fine aggregate (fieldmethod ).

2. DETERMINATION OF SPECIFIC GRAVPPY AND WATERABSGRPTION2.1 Object-i This test covers the procedures for determining the specificgravity, apparent specific gravity and water absorption of aggregates.

Nor~ 1 -Threl main methods are specified for use according to whc&rhe &e of the aggregate is large than 10 mm ( Method I ) between 40 mmand 10 mm (Method I or II may be used ); or smal ler than 10 mm ( Method III).An alternate method ( Method IV ) is al.30 permitted.Nora 2 -The C&r absorption est willnot alwaysbe reproduciblewith aggregatuOfiLigh accmity.

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Is:2386(PartIll)-19632.2 Method I - Aggregate Larger than 10 mm

2.2.14

b!4

44f >g>

Apparatus - The apparatus shall consist of the following:Balance -A balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg,readable and accurate to O-5 g and of such a type and shape asto permit the basket containing the sample to be suspended fromthe beam and weighed in water.Oven - A well ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled, tomaintain a temperature of 100 to 110%.A wire basket of not more than 6-3 mm mesh or a perforatedcontainer of convenient size, preferably chromium plated andpolished, with wire hangers not thicker than one millimetre forsuspending it from the balance.A stout watertight container in which the basket may be freelysuspended.Two dry soft absorbent cloths each not less than 75 x 45 cm.A shallow tray of area not less than 650 ems.An airtight container of capacity similar to that of the basket.

23.2 Sample - A sample of not less than 2 000 g of the aggregateshall be tested. Aggregates which have been artificially heated shall notnormally be used. If such ,mat@xl is used the fact shall be stated in thereport. Two tests shall be made, and it is recommended that the twosamples should not be tested concurrently.2.2.3 Test Procedure - The sample shall be thoroughly washed to removefinerparticles and dust, drained and then placed in the wire basket andimmersed in distilled water at a temperature between 22C and 32C witha cover of at least 5 cm of water above the top of the basket.

2.2.3.1 Immediately. after immersion the entrapped air shall beremoved from the sample by lifting the basket containing it 25 mm abovethe base of the tank and allowing it to drop 25 times at the rate of aboutone drop per second. The basket and aggregate shall remain completelyimmersed during the operation and for a period of 24 f l/2 hoursafterwards.

2.233 The basket and the sample shall then be jolted and weighedin water at a temperature of 22 to 32% If it is necessary for them tobe transferred to a different tank for weighing, they shall be jolted 25times as described above in the new tank before weighing ( weight A, ).2.2.3.3 The basket and the aggregate shall then be removed from thewater and allowed to drain for a few minutes, after which the, aggregateshall be gently emptied from the basket on to one of the dry clothes, andthe empty basket shall be returned to the water, jolted 25 times andweighed in tiater ( weight 4 ).


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lst23as(P#la)-1963233.4 The aggregate placed on the dry cloth shall be gently

s u r f a c e dried with the cloth, transferring it to the second dry cloth whenthe first will remove no further moisture. It shall then be spread out notmore than one stone deep on the second cloth, and lest exposed to theatmosphere away from direct sunlight or any other source of heat for notless than 10 minutes, or unti l it appears to be completely surface dry( which with some aggregates may take an hour or more ). The aggregateshall be turned over at least once during this period and a gentle currentof unheated air may be used after the first ten minutes to accelerate thedrying of dif ficult aggregates. The aggregate shall then be weighed( weight B).

N O %% I f t h e s p p a r c n t s p c c i6 c g r a v i t y o n I y i a r c q u i m d t h e o p a z t i o m d e s c r i b e din 2.2 .3 .4 m ay be om i t&d.2.235 The aggregate shall then be placed in the oven in theshallow tray, at a temperature of IO0 to 110C and maintained at this

temperature for 24 f l/2 hours. It shall then be removed from the oven,cooled in the airtight container and weighed ( weight C).2.2.4 Cizlc&tions - Specific gravity, apparent specihc gravity and water

absorption shall be calculated as follows:speciiic ravity= Bc_AApparent specificgravity = &Water absorption ( percent of dry weight) = lO(B-C)C

where

B = ihe weight in g of the saturated surkedry aggregate inair, andC = the weight in g of ovendried aggregate in air.

2.23 R6pWting o f R e . s l & - T h e indiv idual and mean results shall bereported. The size of the aggregate tested shall be stated, and whetherit has heen artificially heated.23 MethodlI-Aggq+e &tupecn4O~WdlO~

23.1 A#rmtus -The apparatus shall consist of the following:a) Balartce- A balance or scale of capacity not less than 3 kg,,readable and accurate to @5 g, and of such a type as to permit

the weighing of the vessel containing the aggregate and water.


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W4

44

\ lst2386(Partlu)-1963Okn- A well ventilated oven, thermostatically controlled tomaintain a temperature of 100 to 1 10C.Glass Vcssd or Jar -A wide-mouthed glass vessel such as a jarof about 1.5 litres capacity, with. a flat ground lip and a planeground disc of plate glass to cover it, giving a virtually watertightfit.Clotlrs- Two dry soft absorbent cloths, each not less than75 x 45 cm.Guy - A shallow tray of area not less than 325 ems.

f) Coat&~- An airtight container large enough to take thesample.23.2 samf.&!c-A sample of about one kilogram of the aggregateshall be used. Aggregates which have been artificially heated shall notnormally be used; if such material is used, the fact shall be stated in thereport.

Two testsshall be made and it is recommended that the two samplesshould not be tested concurrently.23.3 Test Procedue -The sample shall be screened on a IO-mm ISsieve, thoroughly washed to remove fine particles of dust, and immersed indistilled water in the glass vessel; it shall remain immersed at a tempera-

ture of 22 to 32C for 24 f l/2 hours. goon after immersion and againat the end of the soaking period, air entrapped in or bubbles on thesurface of the aggregate shall be removed by gentle agitation. This maybe achieved by rapid clockwii and anti-clockwise rotation of the vesselbetween the operators hands.233.1 The vessel shall be overfilled by adding distilled water andthe plane ground-glass disc slid over the mouth so as to ensure that noair is trapped in the vessel. The vessel shall be dried on the outside andweighed ( weight A ).233.2 The vessel shall be emptied and the aggregate allowed todrain. Refill the uessel with distilled water. Slide the glass disc inposition as before. The vessel shall be dried on the outside and weighed( weight B ).2333 The difference in the temperature of water in the vesselduring the first and second weighings shall not exceed 2C.2.33.4 The aggregate shall be placed on a dry cloth and gentlysurihce dried with the cloth, transferring it t a second dry cloth whenthe first will remove no further moisture. It sh 11then be spread out notmore than one stone deep on the second cloth, and left exposed to theatmosphere away from direct sunlight or any other source of heat fornot less than 10 minutes or until it appears to be completely surface dry(which with some aggregates may take an hour or more) The aggregate

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IS:23S6(PartIU)-1963s h a l l be tu rn ed over at least once during th is period an d a gent le cur rentof unhea ted air m ay be u sed after th e first ten minut es to accelerat e th efTi;h toi )difficult aggrega tes. The aggregat e sha ll th en be weighed

NOTE-If the apparent pecificgravityonly is required, he operations describedin 233.4 may be omitted.2.3.3.5 The aggregat e sh all be placed in th e oven in the sha llow t ra y,at a t empera tur e of 100 to 110C for 24 f l/2 hour s. It shall then becooled in air t ight cont ain er and weighed ( weight D ).

2.3.4 Calculations - Spe.ctic gravity, app ar ent specific gravity a nd wat erabsorpt ion sh all be calculat ed as follows:Specific gravity

D= c- (A-B)

Appa ren t specific gravity = DD-(A-B)Water absorption ( percentof dry weight ) _lOO(C-D)D

whereA = weight in g of vessel cont ain ing sa mple a nd filled

with distilled water,B = weight in g of vessel filled with dist illed wat er only,C = weight in g of sa tu ra ted sur face-dry sa mple, an d

D = weight in g of oven-dry sa mple..23.5 Re#ortiQ of Results - The individual an d mein resu lts shall bereported. The grading of aggregat e test ed sha ll be sta ted, a nd whet herit has been artificially heated.

2.4 Meth od III - Ag gr e g a t e S m a lle r T h a n 10 m m2.4.1 Apparatw T The app ar at us sha ll consist of t he following:4

b)4

Balatue - A balance or scale of capacity not less tha n 3 kg,rea dable a nd accur at e t o 0.5 g, an d of su ch a type as t o permitth e weighing of th e vessel cont aining th e aggregat e an d wat er.Oven - A well vent ilat ed oven, th erm osta tically cont rolled, toma inta in a tem pera tu re of 100 to 110C.Vessel - Any form of vesse l capa ble of holding 0.5 to 1 kg ofma ter ial up to 10 mm in size and capable of being filled withwat er to a cons ta nt volum e wit h an accur acy of f @5 ml. F ith erof t he two following vessels is su ita ble:

1) A glass vessel, referr ed to lat er a s a pycnomet er, of about8


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Is:2386(r~m)-1%3one litre capacity having a metal conical screw top witha 6-mm diameter hole at its apex. The screw top shallbe watertight when it is screwed on to the jar, and, ifnecessary, a rubber or fibre washer shall be inserted inthe joint. If such a washer is used, a mark shall be madeon the jar to correspond with a mark on the screw top sothat the screw is tightened to the same position everytime and the volume contained by the jar is constantthroughout the test. A suitable vessel can be made froma l-kg fruit preserving jar in which the glass lid normallyused is replaced by a sheet metal cone as shown inFig. 1; or

2) A wide-mouthed glass vessel, such as a gas jar, of about1.25 litres capacity, with a flat ground lip and a planeground disc of plate glass to cover it, giving a virtuallywatertight fit.

d) A means of supplying a current of warm air, such as a hair drier.e) A tray of area not less than 325 cm2.f) An airtight container large enough to take the sample.

g) Filter papers and funnel.2.49 Test Procedure

2.4.2.1 Using the pycnometer - A sample of about 1 kg for 10 mmto 4-75 mm or 500 g if finer than 4.75 mm, shall be placed in the trayand covered with distilled water at a temperature of 22 to 32C. Soonafter immersion, air entrapped in or bubbles on the surface of theaggregate shall be removed by gentle agitation with a rod. The sampleshall remain immersed for 24 f l/2 hours.The water shall then be carefully drained from the sample, bydecantation through a fi lter paper, any material retained being return&to the sample. The aggregate including any solid matter retained onthe fi lter paper shall be exposed to a gentle current of warm air toevaporate surface moisture and shall be stirred at frequent intervals toensure uniform drying until no free surface moisture can be seen and thematerial just attains a free-running condition. Care shall be taken toensure that this stage is not passed. The saturated and surface-dry sampleshall be weighed ( weight A ).

NoTe- If the apparent specific gravity only is required, the operationsd&bed in this paragraph may he omitted, although for materml finer& 475 mm some surface drying may be desirable to facil itate handling.The aggregate shall then be placed in the pycnometer which shall&?filled with distilled water. Any trapped air shall be eliminatedhy rota&g the pycnometer on its side, the hole in the apex of

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lsr2386(Partlll)-1963

Fro. 1 SECTION OF PYCNO~TER MADEFROM FRUIT JARthe cone being covered with a finger. The pycnometer shall be toppedup with distilled water to remove any froth from the surface and so thatthe surface of the water in the hole is flat. The pycnometer shall bedried on the outside and weighed ( weight B ).

The contents of the pycnometer shall be emptied into the tray, carebeing taken to ensure that all the aggregate is transferred. Thepycnometer shall be refilled with distilled water to the same level asbefore, dried on the outside and weighed ( weight C). The differencein the temperature of the water in the pycnometer during the first andsecond weighings shall not exceed 2C.

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lsr2386(PartllI)-1963The water shall then be carefully drained from the sample bydeeantation through a filter paper and any material retained returned tothe sample. The sample shall be placed in the oven in the tray at atemperature of 100 to 110C for 24 f l/2 hours, during which periodit shall be stirred occasionally to facilitate drying. It shall be cooled inthe air-tight container and weighed ( weight D ).Two tests shall be made.

2.4.2.2 Using the second ( gas jar ) apparatus described in 2.4.1 (c),the procedure shall be the same except that in filling the jar withwater it shall be tilled just to overflowing and the glass plate slid overit to exclude any air bubbles.2.4.3 CaIculations- Specific gravity, apparent specific gravity and

water &sorption shall be calculated as follows:Specific gravity = A-(L)Apparent specific gravity = D- (DB-C)wate&aw~;$n ( percent Of = 100 ( A _ D )

Dwhere

A = weight in g of saturated surface-dry sample,B = weight in g of pycnometer or gas jar containing sampleand filled with distilled water,C = weight in g of pycnometer or gas jar filled with distilledwater only, andD = weight in g of oven-dried sample.

2.4.4 Reprting of Results - The individual and mean results shall bereported and the grading of the aggregate shall be stated.23 M&hod Iv - Attemate Method

25.1 The specific gravity and water absorption of aggregate smallerthan 40 mm may be determined by using the apparatus described inIS: 1199-1959 Methods of Sampling and Analysis of Concrete, butdistilled water shall be used in place of tap water.25.2 When testing aggregate between 40 mm and IO mm the procedureshall be as described in 2.2 substituting the bucket for the wire basket

and stirring with a rod instead of jolting to remove air from the sample.25.3 When testing aggregate smaller than IO mm the apparatus shallbe used in the same way as above, but the- sequence of operations shall be

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,IS: 2386(Part III)- 1963as given in 2.4. After transferring the sample to the bucket, water shallbe added to cover the aggregate by at least 25 mm and the samplestirred to remove air. The bucket shall then be filled with water and thelevel of water in the tank raised slowly to avoid, as far as possible, the lossof fine particles from the sample in the bucket to the tank.3. DETERMINATION OF BULK DENSITY AND VOIDS3.1 Object - This method of test covers the procedure for determiningunit weight or bulk density and void of aggregates.

NOTE 1 - The bulk density is the weight of material in a given volume, and for thepurpose of this standard it is measured in kilograms per litre. The bulk density of anaggregate is affected by several factors, including the amount of moisture present and theamount of effort introduced in filling the measures.NOTE 2 -It is emphasized that this is a laboratory test intended fbr comparingproperties of different aggregates. It is not generally suitable for use as a basis forquoting mix design conversion factors.NOTE 3- Considerably more compactive effort is used in the determination ofangularity number [ see IS : 2336 ( Part I )-1963 ] than in this test, and hence the valuerfor bulk density and voids are different.

3.2 Apparatus - The apparatus shall consist of the following:4b)

4

Balance - A balance sensitive to O-5 percent of the weight of thesample to be weighed.Cylindrical Metal Measure-The measure shall preferably bemachined to accurate internal dimensions and shall be providedwith handles. It shall also be watertight, and of sufficient rigidityto retain its form under rough usage, and should be protectedagainst corrosion.

The measure shall be of 3j 15 or 30 litres capacity,, accordingto the maximum nominal size of the coarsest particles of aggregateand shall comply pith the requirements given in Table I.Tamping Rod- A straight metal tamping rod of cylindrical cross-section 16 mm in diameter and 60 cm long, rounded at one end.

TABLB I SIZE OF CONTAINER FO R BULK DBN&TY TFBT[ Cluase 3.2 (b) ]

SE OF LARal?sTPARTroLes

475 mm and underover475mmto4Ommover4omm

NOMINALCAPACITY

litre3

r -BDUXRTRR

cm15

INQDE TmasNlsalHRmiT OF MRTAL

Mincm mm17 $15

15 25 30 40030 35 31 500

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m23&(Par tm)a633.3 Cal ibra t ion - The measure shall be calibrated by determining theweight of water at 27C required to fill it such that no meniscus is presentabove the rim of the container. The capacity in litres shall be obtainedby dividing the weight of water in kilograms required to fill the containerat 27C by the weight of water in one litre at 27C, which may be takenas one kilogram.3.4 P r o c e d u r e

3.4.1 Condition of Specimen-The test shall normally be carried. outon dyy material when determining the voids, but when bulking tests arerequired material with a given percentage of moisture may be used.3.4.2 Rodded or Compacted W eight - The measure shall be filled aboutone-third full with thoroughly mixed aggregate and tamped with 25 strokes

of the rounded end of the tamping rod. A further similar quantity ofaggregate shall be added and a further tamping of 25 strokes given. Themeasure shall finally be filled to over-flowing, tamped 25 times and thesurplus aggregate struck off, using the tamping rod as a straightedge. Thenet weight of the aggregate in the measure shall be determined and thebulk density calculated in kilograms per litre.3.4.3 Loose W eight - The measure shill be filled to overflbwing bymeans of a shovel or scoop, the aggregate being discharged from a heightnot exceeding 5 cm above the top of the measure. Care shall be taken

to prevent, as far as possible, segregation of the particle sizes of which thesample is composed. The surface of the aggregate shall then be levelledwith a straightedge. The net weight of the aggregate in the measureshall then be determined and the bulk density calculated in kilogramper litre.3.3 Calcu la t ion o f Vo ids - The percentage of voids shall be calculatedas follows:

Percentage of voids = 7 e-Y X 100Iwhere

G, = specific gravity of the aggregate, andY = bulk density in kg/litre.

3.6 Reporting o f R e su l h - The bulk density shall be reported inkg/itre to the nearest O-Ok kg.The voids shall be reported as a percentage to the nearest whole

number.The condition of aggregate at the time of test shall be stated, that is(a) oven dry, (bj saturated and surface drv, or (cj with a givenpercentage of moisture.

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Ir2386(PartHI)-19634. DETERMI NATIO N OF NECESSARY ADJ USTMENT FO RBULKING OF FI NE AGGREGATE ( FI ELD METHOD )4.1 Object- This method of test covers the field method for determiningthe necessary adjustment for the bulking of fine aggregate.4.2 General - Sand brought on to a building site or other works maycontain an amount of moisture which will cause it, when loosely filled intoa container, to occupy a larger volume than it would occupy if dry. Ifthe sand is measured by loose volume, it is necessary in such a case toincrease the measured volume of the sand, in order that the amount ofsand. put into the concrete may be the amount intended for the nominglmix used ( based on dry sand ) It will be necessary to increase thevolume of sand by the percentage bulking. The correction to be madeis only a rough approximation, because the system of measurement byloose volume is a rough method at the best, but a correction of the rightorder can easily be determined and should be applied in order to keep theconcrete uniform.43 Srocednre

4.3.1 The procedure to be adopted may be varied, but two methods aresuggested in 4.3.2 and 4.3.3. Both depend on the fact that the volume ofinundated sand is the same as if the sand were dry.4.3.2 Put sufficient quantity of the sand loosely into a container. untilit is about two-thirds full. Level off the top of the sand and pushing asteel rule vertically down through the sand at the middle to the bottom,measure the height. Suppose this is h cm.

4.3.2.1 Empty the sand out of the container into another containerwhere none of it will be lost. Half fill the first container with water.Put back about half the sand and rod it with a steel rod, about 6 mm indiameter, so that its volume is reduced to a minimum. Then add theremainder of the sand and rod it in the same way,. Smooth and level thetop surface of the inundated sand and measure its depth at the middlewith the steel rule. Suppose this is h cm.4.3.2.2 The percentage of bulking of the sand due to moisture shallbe calculated from the formula:

Percentage bulking = ($,-I) X 1004.3.3 In a 250-ml measuring cylinder, pour the damp sand ( consoli-dated by shaking) until it reaches the 200-ml mark.

with water and stir the sand well.Then fill the cylinder

( The water shall be sufficient tosubmerge the sand completely. ) It will be seen that the sand surfaceisnow below its original level. Suppose the surface is at the mark y ml.14


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The percentage of bulking of the sand due to moisture shall be calculatedfrom the formula:Percentage bulking =

4.4 Reporting of Resdts - Report the percentage bulking of the sandto the nearest whole number.5. DETERMINATIO N OF SURFACE MOI STURE lNFINE AGGREGATE (FIELD METH OD)5.1 Object -This method of test covers the procedure for determining,in the field, the amount of surface moisture in fine aggregates by displace-ment in water. The accuracy of the method depends upon accurateinformation on the specific gravity of the material in a saturated surface-dry condition. The same procedure, with appropriate changes in thesize of sample and dimensions of the container. may be applied to coarseaggregates.55 Apparatus - The apparatus shall consist of the following:

a) Balance - A balance having a capacity of 2 kg or more andsensitive to 0.5 g or less.b) Flask- A suitable container or flask preferably of glass or non-corrosive metal. The container may be a pycnometer, a volumetricflask, a graduated volumetric flask or other suitable measuringdevice. The volume of the container shall be from 2 to 3 timesthe loose volume of the sample. The container shall be so designedthat it can be filled up to the mark, or the volume of its contentsread, within 0.5 ml or less.

5.3 Sample - A representative sample of the fine aggregate to be testedfor surface moisture content shall be selected. It shall weigh not less than200 g. Larger samples will yield more accurate results.5.4 Procedure

5.4.1 The surface water content may be determined either by weightor by volume. In each case the test shall be made at a temperaturerange of 22 to 32C.5.4.2 Determination by Weight -The container shall be filled up tothe mark with water and the weight in grams determined. The containershall be emptied. Enough water shall be placed in the container tocover the sample, after which the sample of fine aggregate shall beintroduced into the container and the entrained air removed. Thecontainer shall then be filled to the original mark and the weight in grams

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IS:2386(PartIII)-1963determined. The amount of water displaced by the sample shall becalculated as follows:

VS =M,+M,-Mwhere

V = weight in g of water displaced by the sample,M, = weight in g of container filled up to the mark with water,M, = weight in g of the sample, andM = weight in g of the sample and container filled to the markwith water.

5.4.3 Determination by Volume- A volume of water sufficient tocover the sample shall be measured in millilitres and placed in thecontainer. The weighed sample of fine aggregate shall then be admittedinto the container and the entrained air removed. The combined volumeof the sample and the water shall be determined by direct reading whena graduated flask is used. Where a pycnometer or volumetric flask ofknown volume is used, the combined volume of the sample and the watershall be determined by filling up to the mark with a measured volumeof water and subtracting this volume from the volume of the container.The amount of water displaced by the sample shall be calculatedas follows:v, = vs - v,

whereV, - volume in ml of water displaced by the sample,V, = combined volume in ml of the sample and water, andVI = volume in ml of water required to cover the sample.

53 cialculation5.5.1 The percentage of surface moisture in terms of the saturatedsurface-dry fine aggregate and in terms of the weight of wet fine aggregateshall be calculated as follows:

x 100x 100

whereP, = percentage surface moisture in terms of saturated surface-dry fine aggregate;V, = weight in g of water displaced;

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I6t2366(PartIlI)-1963Vd = the weight of the sample ( it4, in 5.4.2 ) divided by thespecif ic gravity on saturated and surface-dry basis,determined as prescribed;

M, = weight in g of the sample; andPs = percentage surface moisture in terms of the weight of wetfine aggregate.

NOTE These formulae are readily derived from basic relationships. Forconvenience, express Jr in terms of the ratio r, that is, the ratio of the weight ofsurface moisture to the weight of the saturated surface-dry sample. It followsthat:M*-__3_

I== I+7MS . . . . . . . . . . . ...*... ( 1 )1+rIf C is the specific gravity of the saturated surface-dry fine aggregate, then

Vs=+++ ( MC+&) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (2)where the first term gives the water displaced by the saturated surface-dry fineaggregate, and the second that displaced by the surface moisture.

From equation 2,M*PI Vs- M.1+r 1----1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (3)G

By definition,

M*M,=V&x G . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (4)

Substituting for , + r and M, in equation 1, and simplifying. . . . . . . . . . . . (5)s vdMb* .

The formula for Ps may be derived by similar reasoning, or directly from thatfor Ps, since8 - vd

Pi E Mb-_Vav x 100I+*;

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .(6)s

5.6 Reporting of Results - The surface moisture in the fine aggregateshall be reported to the nearest one percent and also the method ofdetermination, that is, either by weight or by volume.


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Is 2386 Part-III Method of Test for Aggregate for Concrete.182110928

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