IP Replication - Accelerate with ATS - IBM · – The inter-cluster heartbeat traffic consumes 1...

Advanced Technical Sales Support (ATS) North America

Accelerate with ATS:

SVC/Storwize FamilyIP Replication

© 2014 IBM Corporation

Bill Wiegand – ATSConsulting I/T SpecialistStorage Virtualization

3/25/2014

Single point for copy services

Asynchronous remote copy/Global Mirror

Synchronous remote copy/Metro Mirror

Use to meet business needs

Disaster recovery up to 8000KM

Business Continuance less then 300KM

Platform for Remote Copy Services

StorageNetwork

NodeNode

Managed Disks

Virtual LUNsVirtual LUNsVirtual LUNsVirtual LUNs

NodeNode NodeNode NodeNode NodeNode NodeNodeNodeNode NodeNode

StorageNetwork

NodeNode

Managed Disks

Virtual LUNsVirtual LUNsVirtual LUNsVirtual LUNs

NodeNode NodeNode NodeNode NodeNode NodeNodeNodeNode NodeNode

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Replication Options

A remote copy relationship consists of two volumes– A Primary and a Secondary volume

• Also referred to as master and auxiliary volumes

Synchronous MM provides zero data loss There are two options for configuring asynchronous GM

– Traditional GM with non-configurable RPO of a couple seconds– GM with change volumes with configurable RPO

Storage administrator can change between any 3 modes easily

3

Production host

Host I/O

Primary Secondary

Metro Mirror

Metro Mirror relationship

Host write received at both local and remote system before returning write complete to host

80ms roundtrip latency maximum

Bandwidth sized for peak write data rate of all primary volumes

Zero RPO

Primary

volume

Secondary

volume

4

Production host

Host I/O

Primary Secondary

Traditional Global Mirror

Global Mirror relationship

Dependent writes to primary sent with sequence number to secondary site to ensure theyare applied in the same order ensuring consistency at DR site at all times


Bandwidth sized for peak change rates

RPO seconds and non-configurable

Primary

volume

Secondary

volume

5

Global Mirror with Change Volumes

Global Mirror relationshipPrimary

volume

Secondary

volume

Production host

Host I/O

Change

volumeFlashCopyMapping

Change

volumeFlashCopymapping

Copy all data from primary volume to secondary volume at point-in-time of when GM relationshipinitially started

Change volumes hold point-in-time copy of data that changes during cycling mode

– Uses FlashCopy function under the covers


Bandwidth sized based on RPO desired

RPO can be configured from minutes to hours

Will fluctuate depending on bandwidth available and data change rate

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SVC/Storwize Remote Copy pre-V7.2

Remote Copy:

– Fibre Channel infrastructure required

PrimaryVolume

Remote Copy via Ethernet:

– Expensive FCIP router required

– Complex system management

PrimaryVolume

Fibre Channel

7

SecondaryVolume

or Discovery of remote cluster

– Performed by Fibre Channel name server

– Remote Cluster automatically visible

• Appropriate zoning required

• Dedicated ports recommended

Fibre Channel overEternet -FCIP

Native IP Remote Copy

Enables use of 1Gbit or 10Gbit Ethernet connectionsusing TCPIP without the need for fibre channel or FCIProuters for replication

– Supports all remote copy modes – MM and GM• GM with Change Volumes preferred mode

– Covered by normal remote copy license• It is not a new replication offering, but rather a new transport

versus using a fibre channel network

Configuration:– Automatic path/session configuration via discovery of

PrimaryVolume

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– Automatic path/session configuration via discovery ofremote cluster using IP management addresses of bothsystems in the IP remote copy partnership

– Configure IP partnership using either 1Gbit or 10GbitEthernet ports but not both at same time

– Currently cannot switch speeds anywhere in end-to-endlink other then WAN

• E.g. cannot connect 10Gbit port to 10Gbit switch and thenconnect 1Gbit out that 10Gbit switch to WAN

• E.g All 10Gbit->WAN<-10Gbit or 1Gbit->WAN<-1Gbit

– CHAP-based authentication supported

Includes Bridgeworks SANSlide IP networkoptimization technology built into V7.2

Ethernet

SecondaryVolume

IP replication – SANSlide optimization (1/5)

Recap: Fibre Channel over Long distance:

Buffer to Buffer credits

– B2B credits are used as a flow control method by Fibre Channel technology and represent thenumber of frames a port can store

→ Provides best performance

B2B Calculation depends on link speed and distance

– Number of multiple frames parallel in flight increase equivalent to the link speed– Number of multiple frames parallel in flight increase equivalent to the link speed

BUT:

- B2B credits are not available in IP, IP must wait for package acknowledge before sending the nextpackage

-> SANSlide optimizes the connection using multiple, parallel virtual connections that share the same IPlinks and addresses

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Bridgeworks SANSlide optimization (2/5)

10

With TCP/IP, information transfer slows the further you go

IO transfer:

– Source: Send package, wait for acknowldge

– Target: Wait for package, acknowledge the received package to the Source

– Source: Wait for acknowledge, Send the next package after receiving previous acknowledgement

System is waiting most of the time

(Figure from REDP5023)

Bridgeworks SANSlide optimization (3/5)

Latency in standard IP network (1Gb link speed):• depends on the routing infrastructure• depends on distance

Latency = Round Trip Time (RTT) for a single packet set

11Source: IBM Redpaper REDP5023

Bridgeworks SANSlide Optimization (4/5)

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Enhanced parallelism by using multiple virtual connections (VC) that share the same IP linksand addresses:

– When waiting for one VC’s ACK, it sends more packets across other VCs

– If packets are lost from any VC, data will be retransmitted

– Artificial Intelligence engine adjusts number of VCs, receive window size, and packetsize as appropriate to maintain optimum utilization/performance of the links

(Figure from REDP5023)

Bridgeworks SANSlide Optimization (5/5)

Latency in IP network (1Gb link speed):depends on the routing infrastructuredepends on distance

Latency = Round Trip Time (RTT) for a single packet set

13Source: IBM Redpaper REDP5023

Native IP Remote Copy – IP Partnership Requirements

If you use IP replication, you must meet the following requirements:

– TCP ports 3260 and 3265 are used by systems for IP partnership communications

• These ports must be open on any firewalls

• Port 3260 is the port used by the systems to initially discover each other

• Port 3265 is for the actual IP Replication sessions used to transmit data

– The maximum supported round-trip latency between sites is 80 ms for a 1 Gbps link

– The maximum supported round-trip latency between sites is 10ms for a 10 Gbps link

– The recommended method of replication is Global Mirror with Change Volumes– The recommended method of replication is Global Mirror with Change Volumes

– The inter-cluster heartbeat traffic consumes 1 Mbps per link

– The minimum bandwidth requirement for an inter-cluster link is 10 Mbps

Maximum throughput is currently restricted based on use of 1gigE or 10gigE ports

– One 1gigE port could do up to 110 MBytes/s ( 190 MBytes/s bidirectional )

– Two 1gigE ports could do 220 MBytes/s ( 325 MBytes/s bidirectional )

– One 10gigE ports could do up to 190 MBytes/s ( Bidirectional not tested )

– Two 10gigE ports could do up to 300 MBytes/s ( 325 MBytes/s bidirectional)

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Demo

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Native IP Remote Copy – Bandwidth Setting

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Bandwidth setting definition has changed:– Previously this bandwidth setting default was 50 MBytes and meant that was the

maximum transfer rate from primary to secondary site for initial sync/resyncs of volumes– “Link bandwidth” setting is now configured using Mbits not MBytes and you set this to what

the communication link actually can sustain or what is actually allocated for replication– “Background copy rate” setting is now a percentage of the “link bandwidth” and

determines the bandwidth available for for initial sync and resyncs or for GM w/chgvols

Single physical link with active/standby ports

B1

1

1

A11

1

Cluster A – Site 1

1

11

1

17

B21

Cluster B – Site 2

A21

Remote copy port group = Set of local and remote Ethernet ports and associated TCP/IPaddresses available to establish a session over the IP link(s)

– Path will be established between IP addresses (local + remote) when IP partnership first configured– Minimum: 1 local + 1 remote port in the same remote copy port group– Recommended to cover node failures: For single I/O Group

• 2 local + 2 remote ports in the same remote copy port group

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One link – One I/O Group

Site 1 Site 2

H11

H21

M1

M21

1Secondary

VolumePrimaryVolume

Remote Copy Port Group 1

Either Ethernet port 1 or 2 on a node/node canister can be configured for IP replication butnot both

The remote copy port group on each system includes two IP address, one from each node,and when initially configured the system will establish which one from each site is used

– This pairing can not be chosen or changed by an administrator

– In this example H1 and M2 have established a session

If H1 node fails then the session between H1 and M2 fails and the system automaticallyestablishes another session between H2 and either M1 or M2

– The IP address used for replication on H1 does not failover to H2

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One link – Two I/O Groups

H11

H21

M1

M21

1M1

M21

1

1

SecondaryVolume

I/O isforwardedfrom H4 to


Site 1 Site 2

H3

H411

M3

M4

11

PrimaryVolume

1

1

from H4 toH1

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The remote copy port group on each system includes four IP address, one from each node,and when initially configured the system will establish which one from each site is used

If H1 node fails then the session between H1 and M2 fails and the system automaticallyestablishes another session between H2, H3 or H4 and M1, M2, M3 or M4

One link – More than two I/O Groups

H11

H21

M1

M2

11M1

M2

11

1

1

H3 M3111

1

I/O isforwardedfrom H6 to

H1


Site 1 Site 2

H411

M411

H5

H6

M5

M6PrimaryVolume

H1

I/O isforwardedfrom M4 to

M6

SecondaryVolume

NOTE: Nodes H5/6 and M5/6 donot have IP addresses configuredas the limit currently is that onlythe Ethernet ports of 2 I/O Groupscan be configured with IPaddresses and included in remotecopy port groups

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Dual physical links with all ports active and no standby ports

Cluster A – Site 1 Cluster B – Site 2

A11

A2

B1

B21

2

2

Link 1

Link 2

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Cluster A – Site 1 Cluster B – Site 2

Remote copy port group setup for dual redundant links:

– Port group 1: two IP addresses, each on a different node in different system (green)

– Port group 2: two IP addresses, each on a different node in different system (orange)

Maximum of 2 simultaneous IP replication sessions at any time

– Only one active per node, so in this configuration if node A1 would fail then Link 1 wouldno longer be available and only link 2 would be active

• Result is loss of half of the bandwidth available for replication

• If bandwidth sizing dictates dual links required and if one link fails resulting in MM orregular GM not able to operate properly, recommendation is to have 2 I/O Groups ateach site to allow the failed link to restart on other nodes available in systems

Two Links – One I/O Group and one port per node

Site 1 Site 2

H11

H2

M1

M212

2Secondary

VolumePrimaryVolume Remote Copy Port Group 1


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Again maximum of 2 simultaneous IP replication sessions at any time

– Only one active per node so in this example if node M2 would fail then Link 1 would nolonger be available and only link 2 would be active

• Result is loss of half of the bandwidth available for replication

Two Links – Two I/O Groups and one port per node

H11

H2

M1

M21

2

2

H31

M32

PrimaryVolume Remote Copy Port Group 1


I/O isforwardedfrom M1 orM2 to M3

Site 1Site 2

H31

H42

M3

M41

2Secondary

Volume

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Each remote copy port group on each system includes two IP address, one from I/O Groupin this example, and when initially configured the system will establish the pairings used

If H1 node fails then the session between H1 and M2 fails and the system automaticallyestablishes another session between H3 and either M2 or M4 since they are all in the sameremote copy port group with H1

Native IP Remote Copy – Configuration Steps using CLI

Main differences between IP and FC/FCoE remote copy partnerships:

– FC/FCoE remote clusters are discovered automatically via Fabric Name Servicelspartnershipcandidate can be used before creating partnerships

– IP remote clusters are discovered by IP addresses in mkippartnership command

– FC/FCoE partnerships establish all-to-all active paths (limited only by zoning)

– IP partnerships establish active/standby paths in 1 or 2 remote copy port groups

1. Set optional CHAP secret in both clusterschsystem [–rcauthmethod none|chap] [-chapsecret string] ...

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chsystem [–rcauthmethod none|chap] [-chapsecret string] ...

2. Configure remote copy port groups in both clusterscfgportip –node node [–remotecopy portgroupid]

[-remotecopy_6 portgroupid][–host y|n] [–host_6 y|n] ... port_id

3. Create partnershipmkippartnership –type ipv4|ipv6 –clusterip ipaddr

[-chapsecret string] –linkbandwidthmbits mbitps[-backgroundcopyrate percentage]

Native IP Remote Copy – Miscellaneous Information

Cannot today non-disruptively switch from a FC partnership to an IP partnership

– Must delete relationships and delete partnership and start over basically

– If currently replicating over FC and can take outage on hosts replicating volumes, wehave a method using –sync flag on “mkrcrelationship”

SANSlide – What it does and doesn’t do:

– It optimizes link utilization, but not latency

– It uses standard TCP/IP – no UDP

– It doesn’t do any encryption, compression or de-duplication

• Submit SCORE if looking for Riverbed etc. support• Submit SCORE if looking for Riverbed etc. support

Only two systems can be in one IP Replication partnership

– Can do A->B partnership

– Cannot do A->B->C->D or A/B/C->D

A system can be in an IP partnership with one other system and in FC partnershipwith others

– So we could do A->B using IP replication and B->C->D using FC replication

– Still a maximum of 4 systems in partnership with each other

FC replication and IP replication can be used with any combination of SVC andStorwize systems all running V7.2

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Native IP Remote Copy – Best Practices

Configure two physical links between sites for redundancy and to provide greaterbandwidth, if needed, between the two systems

– A minimum of 4 nodes at each site is required for dual redundant IP links to work acrossa node failure at either site today

– With a 2 node system at each site, in the event of a node failure, one link will be lost

Dedicate Ethernet ports for replication if possible

– Recommendation is to not use a port for both replication and iSCSI host access

– Ok to use 1gigE port for both replication and system management

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– Ok to use 1gigE port for both replication and system management

Multi-protocol partnerships are not supported

– Do not configure an additional FC/FCoE partnership between two systems if an IPpartnership already exists between them

Configure CHAP secret based authentication for added security

Native IP Remote Copy – Best Practices

If you choose to use compression and IP partnership in the same system, thereare some hardware upgrades or configuration choices that may help increase IPpartnership performance:

– If you choose to create an IP partnership on a SVC or Storwize V7000 system that hascompressed volumes, and you have multiple I/O groups, then configure ports for the IPpartnership in I/O groups that do not contain compressed volumes

– If you require more than a 100 MBps throughput per inter-site link with IP replication on anode using compression, consider virtualizing the system with 2145-CG8 nodes that

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include an iRPQ 8S1296 hardware upgrade (Chubbie node)

Note that when replicating compressed volumes the data is not in a compressedformat when sent over the link to the DR system


IP Partnership Requirements – from InfoCenter for V7.2

– You can only create IP partnerships between two systems

– A system can only be part of one IP partnership

– You can create IP partnerships between any two Storwize products on the same layer

• In other words, both systems must be at the storage layer or both systems must be at thereplication layer

– You cannot use link-local addressing

– NAT not supported– NAT not supported

– If you use IPv4 addressing, the management IP addresses on both systems must beIPv4-compliant and these addresses must have connectivity with each other

– If you use IPv6 addressing, the management IP addresses on both systems must beIPv6-compliant and these addresses must have connectivity with each other

– If your system has IPv4 and IPv6 addressing on the ports, you must configure allRemote Copy links between the local and remote site using only one of thoseaddressing schemes

– You can configure ports from at most two I/O groups from each system for an IPpartnership

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IP Partnership Requirements - continued

– If your system has 10 Gbps and 1 Gbps Ethernet ports, you must configure all RemoteCopy links between the local and remote site using only one of those speeds

• E.g. End-to-end must be all 1 Gbps or 10Gbps, no intermixing of speeds

– A cluster can have simultaneous partnerships over FC and IP but with separate systems

– The IP partner systems must not be visible to each other over Fiber Channel or FiberChannel over Ethernet (FCoE) connections

• Fibre Channel/FCoE ports of either clusters should not be listed as parameters to the svcinfo• Fibre Channel/FCoE ports of either clusters should not be listed as parameters to the svcinfolsfabric command

– Clusters configured in active IP partnerships, should not be zoned with each other forFibre Channel /FCoE

– iSCSI Hosts can access volumes over IP ports participating in an IP partnership,although this may result in an impact on performance and not recommended

– VLAN tagging of the IP addresses configured for Remote Copy is not supported

– If you have one inter-site link, configure one Remote Copy port group

– If you have two inter-site links, you must configure separate Remote Copy port groups

• One for each link to be able to utilize both links bandwidth

– No more than two inter-site links/Remote Copy port groups are supported today

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IP Partnership Requirements - continued

– If you have one Remote Copy port group, then configure one port from each node in oneI/O group in that Remote Copy port group

– For systems with more than one I/O group, ports from a second I/O group can be addedto the Remote Copy port group

– If you have two Remote Copy port groups and just a single I/O group, then on eachsystem configure one port from one node in the first Remote Copy port group, and thena port from the other node in the second Remote Copy port groupa port from the other node in the second Remote Copy port group

– For systems with more than one I/O group, ports from a second I/O group can be addedto each of the two Remote Copy port groups

– A node can have only one port configured in an IP partnership

– If you connect systems by directly attaching them without switches, then you must haveonly two direct-attach links, and both direct-attach links must be on the same I/O group.You should use two port groups where a port group should only contain the two portsthat are directly linked

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GM UpdateStorwize Family of Products

31

Optimize Global Mirror writes on secondary system

Strict serialization in the secondary system turned out as the limiting factor forhigh bandwidth Global Mirror throughput environments

V7.2 optimizes GM processing in second site to allow more parallelism

– Secondary nodes store replication writes in new redundant non-volatile cache

– Information about this cache content is shared between nodes

– Nodes intelligently apply these batches in parallel as soon as possible

What we need to know:

– No changes in Global Mirror commands or management

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– No changes in Global Mirror commands or management

– Must stop all Global Mirror relationships before upgrading to V7.2• Check provided by svcupgradetest utility

• Metro Mirror and Global Mirror w/chgvols relationships are fine to be left running

Results in 3x amount of writes sustained on secondary system volumes used inregular GM relationships

– Does not apply to GM w/chgvols or Metro Mirror

SVC to Storwize V7000 Remote Copy

V6.3 introduced a new cluster property called “layer”

– SVC is always in “replication layer” mode

– Storwize V7000 is either in “replication layer” mode or “storage layer”mode

• Storwize V7000 is in “storage layer” mode by default

Allows SVC to virtualize the system

• Switch to “replication layer” using “svctask chcluster -layer replication”• Switch to “replication layer” using “svctask chcluster -layer replication”

Allows SVC to see Storwize as a peer system and replicate between them

Can only be changed via CLI

“Replication layer” clusters can use storage layer clusters as storagesystems to virtualize

– With V6.4 and later you can now virtualize a Storwize V7000, V5000 orV3700 with layer=storage behind another Storwize V7000, V5000 orV3700 with layer=replication

Remote Copy – Configuration Example

SVC V7.2Cluster B

SWV7K V7.2Cluster C Layer = replication

SVC V7.2Cluster A

Replication layer

Storage layer

FC_partnership_1 IP_partnership_2

SWV7K V7.2Cluster D Layer = storage

SWV5K V7.2Cluster E Layer = storage

IP_partnership_1

SWV3700 V7.2Cluster F Layer = storage

FC_partnership_2

Summary

IP replication is a very powerful new feature which:

– Is easy to setup

– Is very relialable

– Creates an IP partnership between two systems

– Provides high throughput over Ethernet network

– Requires no additional licenses

IP replication requires: IP replication requires:

– 1Gbit or 10Gbit LAN infrastructure

– Some additional CPU power

– Some additional fibre channel bandwidth

We recommend a straight forward setup:

– Two active Ethernet links with two port groups to provide link fail over capabilities

– At least two I/O groups to provide full IP replication bandwidth if one component is offline

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Advanced Technical Skills (ATS) North America

Accelerate with ATS Storage Webinars

2013 Webinars:

Jan 15 - TPC Performance Management

Feb 27 - XIV Technical updateMar 11 - LTFS Library Edition Overview and DemonstrationApr 18 - Understanding and Analyzing TS7700 Performance

Send Ideas for future topics [email protected]

The Free IBM Storage Technical Webinar Series Continues in 2014...

ATS Technical Experts cover a variety of Storage topics

Audience: Clients who either currently have IBM Storage products or areconsidering acquiring IBM Storage products. Business Partners andIBMers are also welcome.

Jul 11 - IBM Tivoli Storage Productivity Center - ReplicationManagementJul 18 - TS3310 Tape Library Update and DemonstrationAug 1 - Disk Options for IBM I


Apr 18 - Understanding and Analyzing TS7700 PerformanceMay 29 - Using IBM FlashSystem™ to Achieve Extreme

Performance, IBM MicroLatency™, Macro Efficiency andEnterprise Reliability

Jun 25 - Linear Tape File System (LTFS) Enterprise EditionJun 27- DS8870 7.1 Update”

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Upcoming 2014 Webinars:Jan 16 - Linear Tape File System - Enterprise Edition- New EnhancementsJan 23 – IBM B-type/Brocade SAN Switch Advanced FeaturesFeb 11 – z/OS with DS8870 Synergy - HyperPAV, zHPF and I/O Priority ManagerMar 25 – SVC/Storwize Family IP ReplicationApr 22 – Storwize V5000 - Overview, Capabilities & Product PositioningHow to sign up? To automatically receive announcements of the Accelerate with ATS Storage webinar series, Clients,Business Partners or IBMers can send an email to [email protected], schedules, and recordings of previous webinars are located in the Accelerate with ATS bloghttps://www.ibm.com/developerworks/mydeveloperworks/blogs/accelerate/?lang=en

Aug 1 - Disk Options for IBM IAug 27 - Tape Options for IBM ISep 24 - New Hardware Extensions for SVC CG8 NodesNov 6 – NSeries Technical UpdateNov 12 – XIV Storage System UpdateNov 21 – TKLM Technical Update & DemoDec 5 – IBM Storwize V7000 Unified: Asynchronous Replicationand Active Cloud Engine Global


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Notes:Performance is in Internal Throughput Rate (ITR) ratio based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput that any user willexperience will vary depending upon considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user's job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed.Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve throughput improvements equivalent to the performance ratios stated here.IBM hardware products are manufactured from new parts, or new and serviceable used parts. Regardless, our warranty terms apply.All customer Usages cited or described in this presentation are presented as illustrations of the manner in which some customers have used IBM products and the results they may have achieved. Actualenvironmental costs and performance characteristics will vary depending on individual customer configurations and conditions.This publication was produced in the United States. IBM may not offer the products, services or features discussed in this document in other countries, and the information may be subject to change withoutnotice. Consult your local IBM business contact for information on the product or services available in your area.All statements regarding IBM's future direction and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice, and represent goals and objectives only.Information about non-IBM products is obtained from the manufacturers of those products or their published announcements. IBM has not tested those products and cannot confirm the performance,compatibility, or any other claims related to non-IBM products. Questions on the capabilities of non-IBM products should be addressed to the suppliers of those products.Prices subject to change without notice. Contact your IBM representative or Business Partner for the most current pricing in your geography.

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