Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses...
-
Upload
brent-willis -
Category
Documents
-
view
213 -
download
1
Transcript of Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses...
![Page 1: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ionic Bonds
![Page 2: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is
an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a
positive ion An anion gains electrons and becomes a
negative ion
![Page 3: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Octet rule Atoms want 8 electrons. This makes them stable and happy
![Page 4: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Some atoms will give up electrons and some will gain to get to 8.
![Page 5: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Oxidation numbers
![Page 6: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Ionic Bonds A metal bonded to a nonmetal Give up and take electrons Ions held together by electrostatic force Conduct electricity in water because they
break up into their ions High Boiling Point
![Page 7: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ionic bonds in solution
![Page 8: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Lewis dot structure
Use only the valence electrons Put a dot around the symbol of the
element for each valence electron.
![Page 9: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The metal will give up its electrons and the nonmetal will gain electrons
![Page 11: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Naming ionic bonds Name the first element the same name
as the metal. Name the second element and end in –
ide• Example: KCl Potassium Chloride
If contain a polyatomic ion use the polyatomic ions name
• Example: Al2(SO4)3 Aluminum Sulfate
![Page 12: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Writing binary ionic bonds The charge on an ionic bond must be
zero So Na+1 and Cl-1 balance out to be zero
and are written NaCl sodium chloride Mg +2 and S -2 balance out to be zero MgS Magnesium sulfide
![Page 13: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
When they do not balance out to zero you need more of one ion or the other.
Na+1 and S -2
Na2S sodium sulfide Mg +2 and Cl -1
MgCl2 Magnesium Chloride
![Page 14: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sometimes you need more of both. Mg +2 P -3
Mg3P2 Magnesium phosphide
![Page 15: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Polyatomic ions
Are covalently bonded ions that have a charge and are used in ionic bonds.
Perchlorate ClO4 -
Chlorate ClO3 -
Chlorite ClO2 -
Hypochlorite ClO -
![Page 16: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Naming ternary ionic compounds
Ternary ionic compounds have more than 2 types of elements
Name the first element (or polyatomic ion) then name the second element (or polyatomic ion)
Example: Na2SO3
NH4CN
K2SO4
Sodium sulfiteAmmonium cyanide
Potassium sulfate
![Page 17: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Writing formulas for ternary ionic compounds
The charge on a compound must always be zero
When there are more than one polyatomic ion it must be put into parentheses. ( )
![Page 18: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Examples
Calcium acetate: Ca +2 C2H3O2 -1
Ca(C2H3O2)2
Aluminum Chromate: Al+3 CrO3 -1
Al(CrO3)3
Ammonium sulfite: NH4+1 SO3 -2
(NH4)2SO3
![Page 19: Ionic Bonds. What is an ion? An atom that gains or loses electrons is an ion. A cation loses electrons and becomes a positive ion An anion gains electrons.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022072005/56649cd75503460f9499f265/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Metals with multiple charges
Many metals have more than one oxidation number
Then a roman number is used after the name of the metal
Examples• Copper (II) Oxide CuO
• Copper (I) Oxide Cu2O