InVEST A Tool for Mapping and Valuing Environmental Services Nirmal Bhagabati World Wildlife Fund...
Transcript of InVEST A Tool for Mapping and Valuing Environmental Services Nirmal Bhagabati World Wildlife Fund...
InVEST A Tool for Mapping and Valuing Environmental Services
Nirmal Bhagabati
World Wildlife Fundand
The Natural Capital Project
What we will cover• What is InVEST? What does it do?
– Questions InVEST is / is not designed to inform– Key characteristics
• Examples– World Bank investment prioritization in Malawi– Spatial planning in Sumatra– Coastal zone management in Belize– etc
• Practical considerations– Common challenges– Resources required
“You can only manage what you can measure”
– Ecosystem services ‘invisible’ in decisions– Need to evaluate choices, quantify tradeoffs
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Challenge: Integrated decision-making
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Decision-maker questions– What would be the best (marine) spatial plan for
balancing stakeholders’ visions for the future?
– Where to invest to optimize nature’s benefits for people?
– Where may REDD, payments for watershed services, and other environmental services-based programs be feasible?
– Where should payments be targeted to be cost-effective?
ANSWERS:Accounting tools that quantify ecosystem services
InVEST
Quantify, map & value ecosystem service impacts of alternative resource decisions
(Integrated Valuation of Environmental Services and Tradeoffs)
InVEST within decision making
Stakeholders
ScenariosResults
Policy input
Mapping toolNow 2050
Now 2050
C (
tons
)Policy implementation
– Evaluate change
– Biophysical & economic
– Free and open source
InVEST attributes
– Multiple services
– Spatially explicit
– Production functions
Tier 1 Tier 2 Tier 3
Models
Data
Simple Complex
Tier 0
Currently ArcGIS-based, but platform independent version in development
Multiple Ecosystem Services
Fisheries
Aquaculture
Coastal Protection
Recreation
Wave Energy
Habitat Risk Asst
Aesthetic Quality
Water Quality
Water purification
Sediment retention
Crop pollination
Hydropower
Irrigation water
NTFP
Flood control
Commercial timber
BiodiversityCarbon sequ’n
Agricultural prod’n
Terrestrial/freshwater model: Tier 1 supporting service
Terrestrial/freshwater model: Tier 1 that quantifies service
Coastal Vulnerability
Coastal Protection
Overlap Analysis
Renewable Energy
Habitat Risk Assessment; Biodiversity
Reservoir Hydropower Production
Sediment Retention
Managed Timber
Production
Crop Pollination
Water Purification
Marine model: Tier 1 that quantifies service
Marine model: Tier 0
Marine model: Tier 1 supporting service
InVE
ST M
odel
s &
Lin
kage
s
AestheticQuality
Recreation
Carbon Storage &
Sequestration
(Blue Carbon)
Agricultural Production
Flood Risk Mitigation
Groundwater Recharge
Fisheries (including
recreational)
AquacultureMarine Water
Quality
Optional model linkage, no sequencing
Required/optional model linkage, sequencing needed
Model coming soon!
Outputs of ecosystem service levels
supplied and demanded
And ecosystem service values in currency units
• Social value– Carbon
• Market valuation– Timber– Non-timber forest products
• Avoided damage costs– Water purification– Flood mitigation– Avoided reservoir sedimentation
• Production Economics– Water for irrigation– Pollination of agricultural crops
Strong Scientific Foundation
100 + authors
Oxford University
Press
Published April 2011
Accompanying Tools
AVAILABLE NOW:• TEEB (& other) Case Studies• Screening Criteria• InVEST in Practice e.g. SEA• InVEST Tip Sheets e.g. REDD• Scenario Guidance & Primer• Scenario generation tools
COMING SOON:• Engaging stakeholders• Conditions that enable uptake• Linking to human wellbeing
InVEST models – a sampler
The carbon model - big picture
Atmosphere
Soil type, moistureMicrobes, chemistry
SpeciesHarvested Wood Products
Aboveground biomass
Belowground biomass
Dead wood
Atmosphere
Land management
Land use history
Decay
Soil carbon
Climate
InVEST Carbon Storage ModelAtmosphere
Soil type, moistureMicrobes, chemistry
SpeciesHarvested Wood Products
Aboveground biomass
Belowground biomass
Dead wood
Atmosphere
Land management
Land use history
Soil carbon
Decay
5 pools x f(cost/ton) = Value
Climate
InVEST avoided sedimentation model
Where are the Sediment
sources?
Where are the Sediment
retention areas?
How much is retained?
What is the Value of this
retention?
Uses a modified version of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE)
Stream
Corn
Forest
ForestCorn
InVEST Avoided Sedimentation Model
Also maps value of avoided erosion to downstream beneficiary
NEXTMainstreaming InVEST: case studies
China
EasternArc Mtns
California
Hawai’i
AmazonBasin
Colombia
Ecuador
WCVI, B.C.
Belize
Chesapeake Bay
Puget Sound
Galveston Bay
Coastal & Marine
Indonesia
Mainstreaming InVEST
Virungas
Terrestrial
(E. Himalayas)
(Mekong)
Since Dec 2011, over 1700 InVEST downloads from 45+ countries (>100 countries overall)
Many kinds of decision context
Decision Context Geography
Spatial PlanningTanzania, Indonesia, British
Colombia, Hawai’i, China, Belize
Ecosystem-based management (terrestrial-marine links)
USA (Puget Sound, Galveston & Chesapeake Bays)
Climate adaptation USA - Galveston & Monterey Bays
Payments for ecosystem servicesColombia (water funds), Indonesia
(REDD), Tanzania
Impact assessment, permitting, licensing Colombia (mining)
Multilateral development bank investments World Bank in Malawi
Corporate strategy Lafarge in Michigan, USA
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Challenges
–Data – even for Tier 0 / 1 models
–Capacity to interpret and apply
–Water-related services
–Government silos
Resources required
• Expertise needed– GIS expertise for gathering and formatting data – Subject matter experts e.g. hydrology, economics, carbon– Project lead who understands policy questions
• Time estimate vary depending on – location – scale of work– expertise of working team
• Full run of model, from data gathering to results– As little as 1 to 3 months– But often longer!! (18-24 months and counting)
More information
www.naturalcapitalproject.org
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Thanks…People
Andrew BalmfordTaylor RickettsNeil Burgess
Gretchen DailyBrendan FisherPeter KareivaEric Lonsdorf
Guillermo MendozaRobin NaidooErik Nelson
Nasser OlweroSteve Polasky
Jim RegetzAmy RosenthalMathieu Rouget
Mary RuckelshausHeather Tallis
Buzz ThompsonKerry Turner
…
SupportNSF
NSF-NCEASNASA
Leverhulme TrustGoogle
Packard FoundationMacArthur Foundation
Moore FoundationSummit Foundation
Roger and Vicki SantPeter and Helen Bing
…
PeopleAnne Guerry
Jodie ToftKatie ArkemaRich SharpJon FoleyCK Kim
Gregg VerutesDriss Ennaanay
Stacie WolnyAmy Rosenthal
Nirmal BhagabatiJim SalzmanChris Colvin
Mike PapenfusGreg GuannelJoey BernhardtSpencer WoodPam Matson
…
Any questions?
Terrestrial sites
China
Tanzania
California
Hawai’i
Colombia Sumatra
Virungas
Amazon
Marine sites
Vancouver Island
Belize
Chesapeake BayPuget Sound
Galveston BayMonterey Bay
Production functions
• Carbon storage
~ f(veg, storage/ha, harvest, decay)• Inputs: land use/cover, C densities, harvest rates, decay rates of
harvested wood.
• Outputs: C stored/ha
• Valuation: damage costs avoided
Sediment retention
~ f(soil, slope length, veg, rain, neighbors)• Inputs: land use/cover, topography, soils, precip, basins
• Outputs: tons sediment retained/ha
• Valuation: replacement costs avoided (dredging)
Biophysical & socio-economic outputs
Water for Irrigation Crop PollinationSupplyMaximum potential services
Total surface runoff from each land parcel on landscape (vol. ha-1)
Insect abundance (# insects ha-1)
UseIntermediate service
Amount of water used for crop irrigation (vol. ha-1)
Insect abundance contributing to crop (# of insects ha-1)
UseFinal service
Additional crop yield given additional water available for irrigation (kg ha-1)
Crop yield due to insects (kg crop ha-1)
Value NPV of additional crop yield($ ha-1)
NPV of additional crop yield ($ ha-1)
Free and open source
Ready to use, but customizable
www.naturalcapitalproject.org/download
Why assess ecosystem services?
• Important for economy and human wellbeing
• More comprehensive accounting of impacts
• Engage a wider array of stakeholders
• Generate financing for conservation
• Suggest innovative policy mechanisms