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Slide 2 Invades England in 1066 A.D. Was cousin to King Edward of Englandwho died childless earlier that year; Harold, earl of Wessex had been crowned the following day. Claimed that Edward had promised him the throne. Sails the English Channel with a giant army in October 1066Battle of Hastings (day-long battle). Doesnt want to conquer the Anglo-Saxons, just to govern them. Slide 3 Combines the English (Anglo-Saxon) culture with the new government. William gives land to all his Barons who had been loyal to him. He makes a record of every piece of propertyland, cattle, buildingsin a book called the Domesday Book. Sets up an entirely new social systemFeudalism. Slide 4 A political and military system based on religious concept of rank: King Lord Vassal Knight Serf All-powerful over-lord and landowner through divine right Noble who had the power to grant land to vassals. Tenant who received land (fief) from a lord in exchange for military service and loyalty. Armored warriorvassals had to provide their lords with military service in the form of knights (the larger the fief the more knights). Peasants who worked on and were bound to vassals lands. Slide 5 Slide 6 Heavily padded undergarment of leather Mail shirt Mail covered neck elbows, and other joints Armorbreast plate, plate arm, leg, and foot pieces Gauntlets constructed of linked plates covered the hands Slide 7 Some suits of armor weighed 120 pounds! Contained up to 200 custom-fitted iron plates or more Held together by rivets, leather straps, hinges, turning pins, buckles, and pegs Carried a variety of weapons: lance, dagger, sword, battle- ax, and club-headed mace Slide 8 Limited ventilation lead to heat stroke. Suffocation Heart failure Drowning Fallingcouldnt get up from on their back Slide 9 Because the primary duty of a male (above a serf) was military service, boys began training at a very young age. When training was completed, he was dubbed, or ceremonially tapped on his shoulder (originally a hard blow to test the boys courage) Knighthood was the feudal ideal of loyalty and it was based on a complex system of social codesand breaking them would undermine the knights position. Slide 10 A system of ideals and social codes governing the behavior of knights. i.e. never attacking an unarmed opponent. Took an oath of loyalty Courtly love - ideal form of love, where a knight would adore a ladynonsexually. (**NOT physical love) Wear his ladys colors in battle and be inspired by her She remains pure and out of reach Slide 11 No voice, no choice Women had no political rights The social standing of her husband or father determined the degree of respect she commanded The only role of peasant women was childbearing, housework, and hard fieldwork Women of higher stations would manage entire estates while husbands were at war or gone on business but when the men returned, it was back to normal Slide 12 Increased trade with the east gives them another way to make money Creates a merchant classpeople arent tied ONLY to landowners and knights anymore Cities begin to emergepeople in cities are not bound to a landowner or knighthood or chivalrysomewhat free to do their own thing Slide 13 Pope Urban II urges England to wage war on Muslims occupying Jerusalem So-called Holy Wars Disastrous military expeditionslasted 200 years Slaughtered thousands of Jews and Muslims even woman and children Benefits - English is exposed to mathematics, astronomy, architecture, and crafts Slide 14 English barons force King John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215 in an effort to curb the kings power. Hundred Years War (1337-1453) between England and France Forces a new type of warfareswitch from knights in armor to small land owners baring cross-bows Invention of guns and gun-powder by Chinese in 1325 The Black Death bubonic plague wipes out a third of the nations population Slide 15