Introduction to Political Spectrum
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Transcript of Introduction to Political Spectrum
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Introduction to Political Spectrum
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Word of advice• Words’ meanings change across time, culture and even ideology.
Eg. “Liberal” Can mean
a) A person who is more socially progressive, open to change; “left”b) A person who accepts the role of government in advancing equality in
society but also recognizes the importance of individuals
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Key TermsA political ideology is an organized collection of ideas and values that describes a political system, movement, or way of thinking.Liberalism is a political and social ideology that advocates government activism, civil liberties, and social reform. Conservatism is a political and social ideology that advocates limited government intervention and the preservation or restoration of traditions. Political Spectrum is a graphical representation of a scale showing the positions of different ideologies. There can be many kinds.
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Terms ‘left’ and ‘right’ come from French Revolution 1789
Conservative Politicians sat on right of speaker’s chair
Liberal Politicians sat on left of speaker’s chair
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Left-Right political spectrum
• Liberal Left Centrist Conservative Right
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Conservative View• Values Tradition• Encourages Continuity• Discourages government
intervention• Focuses on individual
Liberal View• Values progress• Encourages Change• Accepts government
intervention when it produces greater equality• Focuses on group
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UtilitarianismWilliam Bentham (left) and John Stuart Mill popularized utilitarianism – “good” is any action that produces the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people. (See any problems with this?)
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Liberalism• Classical Liberalism• Analyze rationally the role of state
• Modern Liberalism• Some role for the state in promoting political, economic and social equality
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Degress of Government ControlAuthoritarianim• Promotes rights of government
over those of the individual• Permits little/no opposition• Controls via military/police
Libertarianism• Promotes rights of the individual
over those of government• Advocates dissent as a means to
individual expression• Does not acknowledge
government control as legitimate
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More Authoritarian (more government control)
More Libertarian (less government control)
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More Authoritarian (more government control)
More Libertarian (less government control)
• Liberal Left Conservative Right
A more balanced political spectrum
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More Authoritarian (more government control)
More Libertarian (less government control)
• Liberal Left Conservative Right
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Different Kinds of Political Spectrums• Good interactive website
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Key WordsTotalitarianism - the government assumes total control of all aspects of society and individual life.
Libertarianism - advocates maximum individual freedom and an absence of government intervention.Anarchism - all forms of enforced control and authority are unnecessary and undesirable.
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