Introduction to Global Politics, Brief Edition

In December 2009 President Barack Obama received the Nobel Peace Prize. (Oslo, Norway, 2009)

International Law, Regional Organizations, and Global Actors

5

WTO structure

Committees on Market Access Agriculture Sanitary and Phytosanitary

Measures Technical Barriers to Trade Subsidies and Countervailing

Measures Anti-Dumping Practices Customs Valuation Rules of Origin Import Licensing Trade-Related Investment

Measures Safeguards

Working party on State-Trading Enterprises

Doha Development Agenda: TNC and its bodies

Trade Negotiations

Committee

Special Sessions of Services Council / TRIPS Council / Dispute Settlement

Body / Agriculture Committee and Cotton Sub- Committee / Trade and Development Committee / Trade and Environment Committee

Negotiating groups on Market Access / Rules / Trade Facilitation

General Council meeting as Dispute Settlement

Body

General Council meeting as Trade Policy Review

Body

Ministerial Conference

Appellate Body Dispute Settlement panels

Committees on Trade and Environment Trade and Development

Subcommittee on Least- Developed Countries

Regional Trade Agreements Balance of Payments

Restrictions Budget, Finance and

Administration

Working parties on Accession

Working groups on Trade, debt and finance Trade and technology

transfer ( Inactive : (Relationship between

Trade and Investment (Interaction between

Trade and Competition Policy

(Transparency in Government Procurement)

Council for Trade in Goods

Council for Trade-Related Aspects

of Intellectual Property Rights

Committees on Trade in Financial Services Specific Commitments

Working parties on Domestic Regulation GATS Rules

Plurilaterals Trade in Civil Aircraft Committee Government Procurement Committee

Council for Trade in Services

Key Reporting to General Council (or a subsidiary) Reporting to Dispute Settlement Body Plurilateral committees inform the General Council or Goods Council of their activities, although these agreements are not signed by all WTO members Trade Negotiations Committee reports to General Council

The General Council also meets as the Trade Policy Review Body and Dispute Settlement Body

Plurilateral Information Technology Agreement

Committee

General Council

All WTO members may participate in all councils, committees, etc., exceptAppellate Body, Dispute Settlement panels, and plurilateral committees.

A Truly Global Approach to International Relations

Global Authorship. Authors Steven L. Lamy and John S. Masker provide a unifi ed voice that draws upon a diversity of scholars from around the globe. This book offers the best integration of global scholarship for this course.

Steven L. LamyUniversity of Southern California

John S. Masker Temple University

John Baylis Swansea University

Steve Smith University of ExeterPatricia Owens University of Sussex

Amitav Acharya American University

David Armstrong University of Exeter

Alex J. Bellamy University of Queensland

Chris Brown London School of Economics and Political Science

Michael Cox London School of Economics

Devon Curtis University of Cambridge

Tim Dunne University of Exeter

Stephen HobdenUniversity of East London

Darryl HowlettUniversity of Southampton

James D. KirasSchool of Advanced Air and Space

Studies, Maxwell AFB, AL

Anthony McGrew Southampton University

Christian Reus-SmitAustralian National University

Brian C. Schmidt Carleton University, Canada

Len Scott University of Wales, Aberystwyth

Paul TaylorLondon School of Economics

Caroline Thomas University of Southampton

John VoglerKeele University, UKNicholas J. Wheeler

University of Wales, AberystwythNgaire Woods Oxford University

Richard Wyn Jones Cardiff University, UK

“ I know that any student who opens this book will quickly see the importance of making sense of the world around them, and will feel empowered personally and intellectually to become involved and pursue this fi eld further.” —�Joseph Foy, University of Wisconsin–Waukesha

Critical Actors in Global Politics. This book includes more coverage of non-state actors than other texts. The authors carefully assess the roles of nations and non-state actors in managing world affairs, from foreign relations and governance to economic development and the challenges of world crises such as confl ict and natural disasters.

China, the United States, and Korea: When Great Powers’ Interests Collide

Theory in Practice

THE CHALLENGEInternational relations specialists of-ten use the language of physics to describe or explain the behaviors of states. This is useful for heuristic purposes and because it helps us also to predict future actions. How-ever, as the case of China, the United States, and Korea seems to tell us,

h ld l b h

of the Pueblo, a US Navy intel l igence-gathering ship; the development of a nuclear-weapons program; and a guiding doctrine that promises reunifi cation of the country by force.

How does China per-ceive the situation? The

li h l f h h

Introduction to Global Politics, Brief Edition

65

After the sinking of the South Korean ship, the Cheonan, why did South Korea, the United States, and other countries continue to seek a diplomatic settlement with North Korea? (Baengnyeong Island, South Korea, 2010)

Theories of Global Politics

3 66 CHAPTER 3: THEORIES OF GLOBAL POLITICS

In March 2010 a South Korean ship, the Cheonan, was sunk in disputed waters between North and South Korea. In May of that same year, an in-ternational team of forensic investigators confi rmed that a North Korean

torpedo had sunk the ship. This incident killed 46 South Korean soldiers and was the deadliest North Korean attack on South Korea since the 1987 jet-liner attack that killed 115 South Koreans. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton

called this an “unacceptable provocation by North Ko-rea” and said that “the international community has a responsibility and a duty to respond.” The South Korean government then asked the UN Security Council to im-pose new sanctions on South Korea, but North Korea’s loyal ally, China, questioned the source of the attack and resisted any attempt to sanction North Korea.

All of this raises an important question: In this an-archic and competitive world, will any state or group of states challenge and maybe even punish the North Koreans?

There are many possible answers to this question. The relative correctness of any response depends on the theoretical framework from which the problem is approached. From the realist perspective, negotiations and diplomacy have costs as well as benefi ts. Realists

believe one must always negotiate from strength and be prepared to act with force or the threat of force when dealing with rogue states that have no intention of following international rules. Realists argue that the ma-jor powers must put pressure on North Korea by choking off its ability to export and import weapons and military equipment, cut off all access to fi nancial resources, and pressure China to rein in its North Korean ally.

Liberal thinkers still hold out hope that North Korean leaders will want to end their intransigence and join the international community of nation-states. The power, prestige, and infl uence of the United States and its al-lies, as well as liberal institutions including the UN, are being undermined by North Korea’s actions. Realists claim that the basic fl aw of liberal thinking is that North Korea can be talked out of such actions in the future.

Realism and liberalism are but two theories that provide a framework for understanding global politics. In addition, there are alternative theories that bring up other questions: about the connections between social relations

CHAPTER OUTLINEIntroduction 67What Is Realism?  68What Is Liberalism?  75Alternative Theories 85The Essential Marxism 87Constructivism 92Feminist Theory 95Conclusion 100

FEATURESCase Study 3.1: The Melian Dialogue—Realism

and the Preparation for War 73Case Study 3.2: The Power of Ideas: Politics and

Neoliberalism 91Theory in Practice: Reimaging War 98Thinking About Global Politics: A Summit on

Global Problems 102

“ A highly engaging, theoretically rich introductory IR text that is accessible to a typical undergraduate audience.” —�Jeff rey Lewis, Cleveland State University

Key Theories to Understand our Complex WorldKey theoretical arguments frame our understanding of the global stage and challenge the student to assess contending explanations for the events they hear about every day in the news.

Theory Demystifi ed. The book includes an overview of mainstream theoretical traditions of realism and liberalism and the relevant alternative theories of constructivism, Marxism, and feminism that are often left out of other texts.

Theory in Practice boxes. This feature demonstrates how theories in global politics relate to the real world by asking students to apply theoretical knowledge to actual events.

Introduction to Global Politics, Brief Edition

WHAT’S YOUR WORLDVIEW

Why is the idea of humanitarian intervention so controversial? Why are states so unwilling to intervene to save people in danger?

?

Life in Zimbabwe: Poverty, Hunger, Development, and Politics

C A S E S T U D Y

BACKGROUNDIt is possible the average person in Zimbabwe was not aware of the global economic downturn of 2009. If people in the southern African country did know about the collapse of banks and, according to the IMF, the loss of perhaps 51 million jobs worldwide, this knowledge would not have changed their lives very much. With a 2008 per capita GDP of $200 already, things could not have gotten much worse.

THE CASEThe previous year had seen an array of problems that few developing countries had seen recently. First, a series of bad harvests had pushed more people than usual to rely on food aid provided mainly by foreign In Zimbabwe, ethnic-linked political unrest and violence

Thinking About Global Politics

Perspectives on the Arms RaceOBJECTIVEThe goal of this exercise is diffi cult to reach: consensus on a national security policy or national strategy for the United States with regard to nuclear weapons. After doing some research online and in your library, you will explore with your classmates the importance of world-views in determining national interests. Your professor may put you into groups.

PROCEDURE This is not a debate but a discussion. You should try to consider the assumptions of national security from all three signifi cant groups participating in arms debates

2. Divide your class into three groups representing these views.

3. Explore these general questions in your discussion: a. What does the United States want its nuclear

weapons to do?b. What should our nuclear strategy be?c. How can the United States use nuclear weap-

ons to achieve its foreign policy and national security goals?

FOLLOW-UPk h d f h

Developing a Critical Worldview Introduction to Global Politics, Brief Edition, encourages the development of critical thinking and imagination that students can take with them as they continue their course of study and explore careers. Key features of the text reinforce the student’s application of fundamental concepts in global politics.

Thinking About Global Politics. This feature at the end of each chapter provides a compelling thought experiment to help the student apply the key points of the reading. Each box includes one or more activities and related discussion questions. These activities often make good discussion starters or special projects for the class.

Case Studies. Located in each chapter, case studies boxes provide an additional opportunity for the student to understand the evolution and application of policy and political strategies in the real world.

What’s Your Worldview? Located in the margins, adjacent to associated discussions, these probing questions ask students to further explore issues and alternative explanations.

“ The book off ers unique opportunities for refl ection and critical analysis in cooperative learning exercises and writing assignments following each chapter. It certainly off ers a viable alternative to the standard fare of IR textbooks.”—�Michaelene Cox, Illinois State University

An Aff ordable Option for Your International Relations Course

Oxford University Press, a not-for-profi t organization in the U.S., produces high-quality scholarship at the best possible prices for your students. We invite you to compare the price and quality of our full-color brief textbook to other textbooks published for your course. At $64.95, Introduction to Global Politics, Brief Edition, is the best value of any full-color text on the market.

Introduction to Global Politics, Brief Edition

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