Introduction to Critical Theory
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Transcript of Introduction to Critical Theory
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Introduction to Critical Theory
Becky Opsata
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Modernity
The Age of Enlightenment (1600-1800)
Industrial Revolution (1800’s)
Great societal upheaval
Mobility of labor, alienation of labor
Technological changes, media and transport
Birth of the nation-state
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The impact of alienation of labor
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What technology brings to you: country kareoke
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Modern Dance: D1 gets down at the NDT
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Modernity
1) Replacement of religion with science and reason
2) Belief in rational self as individuals that have “rights”
3) Belief in coherent society and grand narratives
4) Creation of the nation state
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Adam believes he has individual rights, but oh is he wrong
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Transition from Modernism to Post Modernism as exemplified
in Art
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The Old Masters and Classical Painting
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Albrect 1570
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Botecelli 1370
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Bronzino 1550
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Canal 1735
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Raphael
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Old Master/Renaissance Style
Characteristics of this type of painting??
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Next: Impressionism
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Picasso 1907
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Picasso
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Cezanne
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Monet
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Van Gogh
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Early 1900’s - Impressionism
• Characteristics of this type of painting?
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Next: Abstraction
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Klee
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Pollock
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Rauchenberg
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Abstraction Taken to the Extreme
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Duchamp 1917
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Duchamp 1951
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Manzoni 1962
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Kosuth – 1986 (Text is Freud)
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Kosuth 1989
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Lewitt – 1971 – “4 Cubes”
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Kosuth 1989
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Sue and Sylvia: Abstraction Taken to the Extreme
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Morris 1965 “Untitled - Beams
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Abstraction
What is characteristic of this type of art?
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Art Transitioned from Modern to Postmodern
1) Old Masters = represents reality
2) Cubism, Impressionism = Crisis in representation of reality
3) Abstraction = presents the unpresentable
4) Non-presentation/Avant-Garde questions who makes art and who can say what is “art”
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Debate Transitioned from Modern to Postmodern
The DA
The Critique
The Performance
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Re-Occurring Questions of Postmodernism
1) Representation of Reality – what is real?
There is no absolute, universal truth of reality.
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Baudrillard
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Re-occurring questions of postmodernism
2) Legitimacy and Power – who has the right to decide what is “real” and “normal”
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Who says what is normal?
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What is normal?
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In Sum,
PoMo is a critique of universal claims.
It believes there is not one truth, but there are multiple ways of representing/presenting the world.
It discusses power relations – who has it and why.
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Key PoMo Concepts
1) Structuralism/post-structuralism(The birth of critical theory comes from
Linguistics.)Sturcturalism:DeSaussure & Levi-Strauss in the late 1800’s-
early 1900’s. Looked for structure in language.
Poststructuralism: Language is arbitrary and socially created.
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Discussing the meaning of words
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Keys
2) Deconstruction
Derrida
There is nothing outside of the text
http://www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/~dclark/ClarkrememberingJD.htm
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Deconstruct This
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Keys
3) Foucault
Power/Knowledge – the second main question of PoMo
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Foucault’s Panopticon(Bentham)
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Foucault’s Archeology/Genealogy
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Genealogy
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Keys
4) Marxists/Critiques of Capitalism/Critiques of development/Commodification
Gramsci/Althusser
Frankfort School: Horkeimer/Adorno/Benajmin
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Keys
5) Postmodern Feminism
Critiques of power and otherizing
Liberal feminism, eco-feminism, and other
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Keys
6) Post-colonialism
Consequences of Western expansion
Said/Bhabba/Mohanty
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Keys
7) Feminist International Relations
Critiques of the state (borders/gendered), of power decision-makers in the nation state, and security.
Tickner
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Keys
8) Language critiques like: Nuclearism, threat construction, disaster porn
9) Critiques of the problem-solution mindset (Spanos)
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Threat Construction
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Critiques of Critical Theory
1) Unacceptable epistemic relativismBelief that there is no truth and that society is constructed is wrong and dangerous.
2) Is nihilistic without any values or ethical
standards for what is right 3) Destructive of human identity, there is a core to
humans, the western idea of rights is good
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Critiques
4) No solvency, creates an endless cycle
5) elitist/ivory tower
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Review of the 2 Main Questions of Postmodernism
1) Representation of Reality
2) Legitimacy and Power – who has the right to say what is real