Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms...

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Introduction to Classificati on

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Transcript of Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms...

Page 1: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Introduction to Classification

Page 2: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

A. What is taxonomy? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics.

I. Introduction

B. Why do scientists classify? Over 1.5 million species have been identified. Biologists classify to organize and study these organisms.

Page 3: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Animals

A. Aristotle (almost 2000 years ago) grouped organisms into

two groups:

Grouped based on general habitat

Ex. land, air, or water dwellers

Plants

I. Classification Systems

Grouped based on the differences in stems

Ex. woody vs. herbaceous

Page 4: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Was Aristotle’s grouping system adequate?

Problems with the system…

Page 5: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

B. Carolus Linnaeus (mid 1700’s) grouped organisms into seven levels ranging from general to specific:

I. Classification Systems

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Page 6: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Acronyms…

Page 7: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Example:

Human Being =

Kingdom:

Phylum:

Class:

Order:

Family:

Genus:

Species:

Animalia

Chordata

Mammalia

Primate

Hominidae

Homo

Sapiens

Page 8: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Some more examples…

Page 9: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

C. Binomial Nomenclature The scientifc name of an organism, consists of two parts…genus & species.

I. Classification Systems

**Scientific name must be either underlined or italicized!**

Examples:

Ursus horriblis =

Felis domesticus =

Canis familiaris =

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Page 11: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Organisms that rely on outside sources for nutrients (anything that has to eat!)

Organisms that can make their own food through photosynthesis (plants).

III. Alternate Forms of Classification:

Heterotrophic Autotrophic

Page 12: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

More complex cells with a true nucleus

and membrane- bound

organellesex. plants, animals

Simple cells that lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organellesex. bacteria

Prokaryotic

Eukaryotic

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Page 14: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

IV. Dichotomous Keys

A. Definition a chart consisting of a series of paired, opposite statements that help scientists to classify organisms.

Page 15: Introduction to Classification. A. What is taxonomy ? The branch of biology that groups organisms based on common characteristics. I. Introduction B.

Head

Abdomen

TAXONOMIC KEY

Step 1 1a. Has 8 legs ………………………………………………………….. Step 2 1b. Has more than 8 legs Step 3

Step 2 2a. Has one oval-shaped body ……………………………………Step 4 2b. Has two body regions Step 5

Step 3 3a. Has one pair of legs on each body segment …………… Centipede 3b. Has two pairs of legs on each body segment Millipede

Step 4 4a. Is less than 2 millimeter long …………………………………. Mite 4b. Is more than 1 millimeter long Tick

Step 5 5a. Has clawlike pincers ………………………………………….. Step 6 5b. Has no clawlike pincers Spider

Step 6 6a. Has a long tail with a stinger………………………………….. Scorpion 6b. Has no tail or stinger Pseudoscorpion

Some practice…what is it?

A pseudoscorpion!

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CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy to classify and name organisms. It is a science. Why?? To name and group organisms.

CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy to classify and name organisms. It is a science. Why?? To name and group organisms.

What is hierarchical taxonomy and how are animals classified? Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming organisms. The classification of organisms.

What is hierarchical taxonomy and how are animals classified? Taxonomy is the science of identifying and naming organisms. The classification of organisms.

Classification Grouping Organisms Classification Scientists arrange organisms into groups based on physical traits. Taxonomy- the study of classifying.

Classification Grouping Organisms Classification Scientists arrange organisms into groups based on physical traits. Taxonomy- the study of classifying.

Introduction to Taxonomy

Introduction to Taxonomy

Taxonomy Grouping Organisms. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.

Taxonomy Grouping Organisms. What is Taxonomy? Taxonomy is the branch of biology that groups and names organisms based on studies of their different characteristics.

Taxonomy & Phylogeny Classification of Organisms.

Taxonomy & Phylogeny Classification of Organisms.

Classification & Taxonomy. Classification vs. Taxonomy Taxonomy – branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to similar characteristics.

Classification & Taxonomy. Classification vs. Taxonomy Taxonomy – branch of biology that names and groups organisms according to similar characteristics.

Taxonomy Environmental Ed. 1. Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Taxonomy Environmental Ed. 1. Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Taxonomy!!. Taxonomy! Branch of biology used to classify organisms according to their characteristic similarities Consider phylogeny (evolutionary.

Taxonomy!!. Taxonomy! Branch of biology used to classify organisms according to their characteristic similarities Consider phylogeny (evolutionary.

Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Taxonomy The science of naming and classifying organisms.

Taxonomy & Classification Taxonomy- science of identifying and classifying organisms; all about the naming Classification- systematic grouping and naming.

Taxonomy & Classification Taxonomy- science of identifying and classifying organisms; all about the naming Classification- systematic grouping and naming.

TAXONOMY OF ORGANISMS 6.12 C. TAXONOMY The branch of Science that formally names and classifies organisms by their structure, function and relationships.

TAXONOMY OF ORGANISMS 6.12 C. TAXONOMY The branch of Science that formally names and classifies organisms by their structure, function and relationships.

Taxonomy. What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms Biologists who study this are called.

Taxonomy. What is taxonomy? Taxonomy is the branch of biology concerned with the grouping and naming of organisms Biologists who study this are called.

Classification of Organisms Chapter 14. Categories of Biological Classification Taxonomy – The science of naming and classifying organisms Taxonomy –

Classification of Organisms Chapter 14. Categories of Biological Classification Taxonomy – The science of naming and classifying organisms Taxonomy –

Taxonomy Taxonomy: The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted (scientific name)

Taxonomy Taxonomy: The discipline of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted (scientific name)

Classification The grouping of organisms based on characteristics Taxonomy – The scientific naming and classifying of organisms.

Classification The grouping of organisms based on characteristics Taxonomy – The scientific naming and classifying of organisms.

CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy: The science of naming or classifying organisms. Taxonomy: The science of naming or classifying organisms.

CLASSIFICATION Taxonomy: The science of naming or classifying organisms. Taxonomy: The science of naming or classifying organisms.

Taxonomy Cornell Notes. Taxonomy The science of grouping and naming organisms Scientists who study taxonomy are called Taxonomists.

Taxonomy Cornell Notes. Taxonomy The science of grouping and naming organisms Scientists who study taxonomy are called Taxonomists.

Survey of Organisms in Microbiology. Taxonomy of infectious agents and parasites Kingdomsexample of organisms included Monerabacteria Protistaprotists,

Survey of Organisms in Microbiology. Taxonomy of infectious agents and parasites Kingdomsexample of organisms included Monerabacteria Protistaprotists,

Chapter 17 Taxonomy. History of Taxonomy Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms are numerous and diverse.

Chapter 17 Taxonomy. History of Taxonomy Biologists use a classification system to group organisms in part because organisms are numerous and diverse.