Basic Electronics

Lesson 1: INTRODUCTION

Prepared by Engr. Myrna Anot-Cabrera

Great People who Contributed in the Development of Electronics

THALES -. Wrote about the attraction of straw and dust to fossilized tree sap called amber ( amber is the greek word for electron) 624 -547 BC

CHARLES COULOMB-. Discovered the force between electrically charged objects. The unit of electric charge is coulomb.

1736-1806

History of ElectronicsALLESANDRO VOLTA – Discovered that electricity is produced when two different metals are in contact with moistened cloth. The Volt is the unit of potential difference1745- 1827

HANS OERSTED - Determined that magnetic field is present when current flows in a wire.Oersted is one unit of magnetism.

1777 - 1851

History of ElectronicsANDREW AMPERE - Discovered the correct theory of electromagnetic force.

AMPERE is the unit of current. 1775 - 1836

MICHAEL FARADAY- Discovered the principle of electromagnetic inductionInvented the electric motor.

FARAD is the unit of capacitance. 1791 - 1867

History of Electronics

J.J. THOMPSON – Discovered the electron. The study of the flow of electrons and its uses is called electronics.

He won the nobel prize for Physics in 1906 1856 - 1940

GEORGE OHM – Determined the relationship between current and voltage in an electric circuit .

OHM is the unit of resistance.1789- 1854

History of ElectronicsTHOMAS ALVA EDISON – Invented the incandescent lamp , phonograph and early film projector

Patented 1093 inventions. 1847 - 1931

SAMUEL MORSE – Invented the telegraph and the code that bears his name.

Sent the first telegraph message in 18441791 - 1872

History of ElectronicsGUGLIELMO MARCONI – Developed the first practical inventions in radio telegraphy over long distances.Received the first trans-atlantic radio signal in 1901.Received the nobel prize for Physics in 1908

AMBROISE FLEMING AND LEE DE FOREST- Invented the vacuum tubeIn 1902 . Lee de Forest developed the vacuum tube amplifier in 1906.

History of ElectronicsNick Holonyak, Jr. - invented the first visible-spectrum LED in 1962 while working as a consulting scientist at a General Electric Company laboratory in Syracuse, New York.

History of Electronics

JOHN BARDEEN, WILLIAM SHOCKLEY AND WALTER BRATTAIN - Invented the transistor in 1948

Received the nobel prize for Physics in 1956

John Bardeen William Shockley Walter Brattain

History of Electronics

Robert Norton NoyceJack Kilby

ROBERT NORTON NOYCE AND JACK KILBY - Invented the integrated circuit ( IC) in 1958. Noyce was one of the founders of INTEL , the largest chip maker. Kilby invented the calculator and won the nobel prize for Physics in 2000.

Parts of the simplest circuit• Potential Difference or Electromotive force ( emf) – pushes

the electrons to move , example : battery• Conducting Path – for a complete current flow• Control Element ( switch) – optional – for turning on or off

the current • Load ( Resistance) – the one that converts the electrical

energy into another form example: bulb or resistor

Basic Electronic ComponentsSWITCHES

OUTPUT DEVICESLIGHT OUTPUT

SOUND OUTPUT

FIXED RESISTORS

CARBON COMPOSITION RESISTOR WIREWOUND RESISTOR

METAL FILM RESISTOR SURFACE MOUNT DEVICE( SMD) – CHIP TYPE RESISTORS

VARIABLE RESISTORS

WIREWOUND POTENTIOMETER

TRIMMER

CAPACITORSFIXED TYPE

VARIABLE TYPE

INDUCTORS

THINGS NEEDED BREADBOARD

ANALOG TYPE DIGITAL TYPE

MULTITESTER

SOLDERING IRON PLIERS

DESOLDERING TOOL TOOL BOX

WIRE STRIPPER SOLDERING LEAD

PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD FERRIC CHLORIDE

THINGS TO REMEMBER

EFFECT OF CURRENT ON THE HUMAN BODY

Basic Parameters of a Circuit• Voltage or emf ( V) – the force that pushes the

electrons to move, measured in volts ( V)• Current ( I) – the amount of charges flowing in the

circuit / device , measured in ampere ( A)• Resistance ( R) – the opposition to the flow of

current , measured in ohms ( Ω) Ohm’ s Law

V = IR