Introduction au Traitement du...
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Introduction au Traitement du signal Christian Barthod F8GHE / KM4JLR Vendredi 13/04/2018 à 20h30 Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only © 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
Transcript of Introduction au Traitement du...
Introduction au Traitement du signalChristian Barthod F8GHE / KM4JLR Vendredi 13/04/2018 à 20h30
Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
Agenda
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- Introduction et concepts de base (Signal, Canal et Système)- Domaines d’observation du signal- De la théorie au traitement du signal- Outils de traitement du signal à la portée du radioamateur
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Introduction à la notion de signal
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Le modèle type d’une chaine de communication
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Positionnement de la théorie du signal
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Le signal
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Définition du Larousse : vient du latin signum : signe ; variation d’une grandeur physique de nature quelconque porteuse d’information
Un signal est donc la représentation physique de l’information (Phénomène physique ou autre) sous la forme d’une fonction
• On l’utilise pour transporter de l’information (Exemples: voix, état d’un capteur, etc..)
• Sa nature physique peut être très variable : acoustique, électrique, optique, etc.
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Signal : Analogique ou Discret
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Signal Discret (Numérique / Digital)
Signal Analogique
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Le buit
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Le signal est pratiquement toujours associé au bruit
Définition du bruit : Vient du latin populaire brugere : braire et rugir => perturbation indésirable qui se superpose au signal et aux données utiles, dans un canal de transmission ou dans un système de traitement de l’information.
Le bruit (« noise » en anglais) dépend très fortement du contexteLe bruit de l’un peut être le signal de l’autre (Sonar / Poissons ; Radioastronome / Spationaute)
• Le problème fondamental en traitement du signal sera d’extraire le signal utile du bruit• La difficulté du problème dépend en particulier de la proportion entre signal et bruitCeci est mesuré par le rapport signal à bruit (RSB, ou SNR en anglais pour Signal Noise Ratio)
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Le rapport Signal à Bruit
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Le Rapport Signal à Bruit est le rapport des puissances du signal (PS) et du bruit (PB).
Exprimé en dB (log = logarithme décimal)
Le RSB mesure la qualité du signal
Signal + BruitSignal
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Le Bruit engendre de la distorsion
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Exemple d’une transmission de données
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Introduction à la notion de canal
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Positionnement du Canal (Channel)
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Caractéristiques du canal
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Deux types de canal :• Guidés ou Filaire (Coax, Fibre optique, Fils de cuivre, ….)• Non Guidés (Canal Radio) Plus difficile à appréhender que le Guidé
Types de perturbations du canal radio :(Entre les antennes RX et TX)• Atténuation• Bruit• Interférences• Distorsion
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Le canal
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Les interférences et le bruit produit en l’absence de signal, représentent la distorsion appliquée au signal de la chaîne de communication. Elle peut être linéaire ou non linéaireUne distorsion non linéaire causée par des équipements de la chaine ne fonctionnant plus de leur zone de linéarité introduit des harmoniques et produits d’intermodulation
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Introduction à la notion de système
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Le système
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Définition : Le système est un ensemble abstrait (Boite Noire) avec une entrée et une sortie reliées par une loi, une théorie (Fonction de transfert). Un système permet par exemple la modélisation de la montée en température d’un four, du comportement d’un probléme de communication,…..
L’étude d’un système revient à identifié la fonction de transfert qui relie l’entrée à la sortie. Pas toujours simple à cause des perturbations (Bruit par exemple)
Entrée(Cause)
Sortie(Effet)
e(t) S(t)SYSTEME SYSTEME
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Identification de la fonction de tranfert d’un système
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Revient à étudier le comportement de la sortie lorsque l’entrée est soumise à un signal connu (Echelon, Impulsion de Dirac, Rampe, Fréquence,…)On parle aussi de transmittance
Entrée Sortie
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Systèmes linéaires et non linéaires
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Un système admettant s(t) comme sortie pour une entrée e(t) est linéaire si en appliquant a.e(t) il admet pour sortie a.s(t)
Les systèmes linéaires sont les plus simples que l’on rencontre dans le traitement du signal
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1. Etude d’un filtre du 2eme Ordre avec • u1 = e• u2 = s
2. Identification de la fonction de transfert(Par calcul ou expérimentalement)
3. Etude de la réponse en fréquence(Diagramme de Bode)
Exemples de système : Filtre du 2eme ordre
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Domaines d’observation du signal
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L’observation de l’allure d’un signal est possible dans les 2 domaines suivants :• Temporel Observation en fonction du temps (Oscillogramme) avec un oscilloscope
• Ote
• Fréquenciel Observation en fonction de la fréquence (Spectre) avec un analyseur de spectre
Domaines Temporel et Fréquenciel
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Oscilloscope
Analyseur de spectre
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Les notes : The time-domain representation gives the amplitudes of the signal at the instants of time during which it was sampled. However, in many cases, you need to know the frequency content of a signal rather than the amplitudes of the individual samples. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) provides a method for examining a relationship in terms of the frequency domain. Fourier’s theorem states that any waveform in the time domain can be represented by the weighted sum of sines and cosines. The same waveform then can be represented in the frequency domain as a pair of amplitude and phase values at each component frequency. In the frequency domain, you can separate conceptually the sine waves that add to form the complex time-domain signal. Figure 1 shows single frequency components, which spread out in the time domain, as distinct impulses in the frequency domain. The amplitude of each frequency line is the amplitude of the time waveform for that frequency component. The representation of a signal in terms of its individual frequency components is the frequency-domain representation of the signal. The frequency-domain representation might provide more insight about the signal and the system from which it was generated. http://www.ta-formation.com/acrobat-cours/spectre.pdf
Passage d’un domaine à l’autre
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Il est possible de passer d’un domaine à l’autre par une transformation La transformation aussi nomée décomposition fait appel à des outilsmathématique
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Notion fonction Périodique et Apériodique
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Fonction périodique : Une fonction est périodique si elle admet unepériode T non nulle. On appelle période d’une function f la valeur T pour laquelle l’égalité f(t+T)=f(t) est toujours varie. Le motif que l’onretrouve identique à chaque période est appellee motif élémentaire
Rq : Toute fonction périodique x(t) de période T peut s’écrire sous la forme d’une série Série de Fourier
Fonction pseudo-périodique : Amortissement
Fonction apériodique : Si la fonction f(t) n’est pas périodique, on peut toujours supposer qu’elle l’est en admettant que la période T devient infinie Transformation de Fourier
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Les notes : The time-domain representation gives the amplitudes of the signal at the instants of time during which it was sampled. However, in many cases, you need to know the frequency content of a signal rather than the amplitudes of the individual samples. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) provides a method for examining a relationship in terms of the frequency domain. Fourier’s theorem states that any waveform in the time domain can be represented by the weighted sum of sines and cosines. The same waveform then can be represented in the frequency domain as a pair of amplitude and phase values at each component frequency. In the frequency domain, you can separate conceptually the sine waves that add to form the complex time-domain signal. Figure 1 shows single frequency components, which spread out in the time domain, as distinct impulses in the frequency domain. The amplitude of each frequency line is the amplitude of the time waveform for that frequency component. The representation of a signal in terms of its individual frequency components is the frequency-domain representation of the signal. The frequency-domain representation might provide more insight about the signal and the system from which it was generated. http://www.ta-formation.com/acrobat-cours/spectre.pdf Si la fonction x(t) n’est pas périodique, on peut toujours supposer qu’elle l’est en admettant que la période T devient infinie. Dans ces conditions, 1/T ?0 , l’espacement entre les raies diminue et le spectre devient un spectre continu. Donc si x(t) n’est pas périodique, on passe de sa représentation temporelle x(t) à sa représentation fréquentielle ou spectre X(f) au moyen de la transformation de Fourier. Cette transformation s’adapte à n’importe quelle fonction apériodique. http://claude-gimenes.fr/mathematiques/transformations/-ii-transformation-de-fourier
Exemples de décomposition en série de Fourier
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La transformée de Fourier
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• La TF (Transformée de Fourier) Application de la série de Fourier à un signal Apériodique
• La TFD (Transformée de Fourier Discrète)• Echantillonage du signal puis conversion AN• Application de la transformée de Fourier Discretre pour calcul d spectre et visualisation Nécessite beaucoup de calculs (Pour 1024 points il faut effectuer 1048576 additions et multiplications)
• La FFT (Transformée de Fourier Rapide) • Autre méthode de calcul pour pallier au nombre de calculs • Algorithme publié en 1965 par James Cooley (IBM) et John Tukey (Bell Labs)
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
De la théorie au traitement du signal
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Positionnement du Traitement du signal
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
De la théorie au traitement du signal
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Théorie du signal : théorie permettant d’effectuer une modélisation(description mathématique) et une analyse des signaux, bruits et des systèmes (Ceci sur la base des concepts précédents)
Traitement du signal : C’est l’ensemble des méthodes et des algorithmes qui permet d’élaborer ou d’interpréter les signaux porteurs d’information. Plus précisément :– Elaboration : Codage, Modulation, Changement de fréquence,– Interprétation : Décodage, Démodulation, Filtrage, Détection, Identification, etc.
(Traitement de l’information : Ce sera l’objet d’un autre exposé mais avant cela il est important d’avoir une bonne maitrise du concept de modulation (Charnière dans la chaine de communication)
Actuellement, les méthodes de traitement sont presque exclusivement numériques
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Synthèse
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Traitement Analogique du signal
Information Analogique
Exemple : Transmission de CW, Emails,… avec un Transceiver SDR Chaine totalement Numérique L’AVENIR
Exemple : Transmission de la voix, musique, température (Analogique) avec un Transceiver SDR Ce concept va devenir OBSOLETE
Traitement Numérique du signal
Information Numérique
Exemple : Transmission CW, APRS, DMR, C4FM…. avec un Transceiver classique (FT817, GM340, …) Ce concept va devenir OBSOLETE
Exemple : Transmission de la voix, musique, température (Analogique) avec un Transceiver classique (FT817, …)Chaine totalement Analogique Ce concept va devenir OBSOLETE
Tendance du futur
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Outils de traitement du signal
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Outils soumis à licence : Matlab & Simulink
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La référence dans le domaineMATLAB de 1984 « matrix laboratory ») est un langage de programmation de quatrième génération émulé par un environnement de développement du même nom ; il est utilisé à des fins de calcul numérique
SIMULINK Plateforme de simulation et de modélisation multi domaines associée à MATLAB
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Alternative libre : Scilab & Xcos
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Scilab (contraction de Scientific Laboratory en anglais) est un logiciel Français (développé à l’INRIA et l’ENPC) libre de calcul numérique multi‐plate‐forme fournissant un environnement de calcul pour des applications scientifiques
Xcos est l’outil graphique de modélisation mathématique et de simulation de systèmes dynamiques hybrides (distribué avec Scilab)
Autres alternatives (Octave, SageMath, freemath, SciPy, Maxima,…)
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Environnements libres de traitement de signaux et de prototypage
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• Création de systèmes à partir de blocs paramétrables (Gros catalogue disponible) • Interconnexions de blocs (Sources, instruments, filtres, etc…)• Interfaces d’acquisition avec l’environnement réel (USRP, Dongle RTL-SDR, LIMESDR,
PLUTO, …)• Génération de code Python, C,..
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This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
35Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Interfaces d’acquisition RTL-SDR & LIMESDRRTL-SDR (Réception)La référence en réception Lowcost• Bloc interface pour GNURadio et Pothosware• https://www.rtl-sdr.com/
36Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
LIMESDR (Emission - Réception)Une références qualitative Hardware (Software )• Bloc interface pour GNURadio et Pothosware• https://myriadrf.org/projects/limesdr/• https://www.crowdsupply.com/lime-micro/limesdr-mini
Autres solutions (Emission/Réception)• RED PITAYA (Hamlab)• ADALM-PLUTO (Intel)• Ettus USRP• NUAND• HackRF One
Presenter
Presentation Notes
https://www.funwithelectronics.com/?id=8 https://pa3ang.nl/archives/category/sdr http://www.electronicdesign.com/communications/open-source-sdr-board-uses-programmable-radio-ic
Matrice comparative RTL-SDR et LIMESDR
37Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Kit de formation Gratuit
38Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
Software Defined Radio using MATLAB & Simulink and the RTL-SDRhttp://www.desktopsdr.com/
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
Quelques URLs
Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved. 39
Quelques liens Web (A compléter )
40Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only© 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
Cours et informationshttps://openclassrooms.com/courses/bases-de-traitement-du-signal/des-signaux-a-tous-les-etageshttps://scilab.developpez.com/cours/#general-scilabhttp://claude-gimenes.fr/mathematiques/transformations/-ii-transformation-de-fourierhttp://jmfriedt.free.fr/lm_sdr.pdfhttp://www.desktopsdr.com/
Ebookhttp://www.ebooksmechatronic.com/ebook_DSP/eBook_DSP.htmhttp://www.elakiri.com/forum/showthread.php?t=1141914http://www.desktopsdr.com/
Software et Equipementhttp://www.pothosware.com/https://gnuradio.org/https://www.scilab.org/fr
Presenter
Presentation Notes
This is a sample Column Chart slide ideal for showcasing revenue data, product or market information along with a brief caption or statement. To Customize and Edit this Chart, follow the steps below (this applies to all slides in this template that contain charts): To Change Font Color/Size: �Select text and adjust the font setting in the Font group in the Home tab. Select desired attributes to change: font, size, boldness, color, etc. Note: many of the same commands can also be accessed from the Mini toolbar. Edit Chart:�Click the chart to edit, right-click and select Edit Data… to access the underlying Excel spreadsheet. Copying Data From a Separate Excel Spreadsheet:�From an existing Excel spreadsheet, select the range of cells to be copied, select copy.�In PowerPoint, click the chart, right-click and select Edit Data… to open the spreadsheet for editing.�Select all the data in the Chart in Microsoft Office PowerPoint spreadsheet by clicking the top left corner cell, right-click and select Delete.�Click in the first empty cell of the spreadsheet and paste (Ctrl V ) to place the data copied from the other Excel file. Changing Orientation and/or Scale of Data: �If no chart elements appear in your chart it is because either 1) the default orientation for pre-made template charts displays data series in rows, not columns, or 2) the axis scale may have to be adjusted (see below). Change Orientation: �Click the chart to edit and select the Chart Tools Design tab (or double-click on the chart). Click the Switch Row/Column button. If the Switch Row/Column button is disabled, click the Select Data button and then click the Switch Row/Column button from within the Select Data Source dialog box, click OK. Change Scale:�Right-click the labels next to the chart’s vertical (value) axis, select Format Axis from the pop-up menu. With Axis Options selected on the left, check all boxes under Auto to automatically provide the appropriate scale based on the data. To provide your own values, select the Fixed option, then type new values in the boxes provided to the right. Click Close when done.
MerciChristian Barthod
41Private | Confidential | Internal Use Only © 2015 Hewlett Packard Enterprise, L.P. All rights reserved.
