INTRODUCING THE PERIODIC TABLE - Mrs. Kelley's Science...

It is a chart that organizes elements according to their increasing atomic numbers and their chemical and physical properties.

Periodic Table:

INTRODUCING THE PERIODIC TABLE

• It was developed in 1869 by a man named Dmitri Mendeleev who was a Russian chemist and inventor.

Who made the periodic table?

• At the time, there were only 60 elements discovered, but his periodic table predicted and left room for the future discoveries of more elements.

INTRODUCING THE PERIODIC TABLE

More Elements?

2+

• Each element on the periodic table is represented within an element box which contains some basic information.

INFORMATION ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

atomic number

atomic mass

element symbol

element name

(whole number no decimals)

(larger than atomic number & always has decimals)

(only first letter is capitalized)

a) Draw the box for the element that has an atomic mass of 107.87.

b) Draw the box for the element

that has the element symbol Pt.

oxidation number (has + or – sign after number)

No oxidation numbers needed.

• The periodic table is arranged in columns and rows.

ORGANIZATION OF THE PERIODIC TABLE

How many groups

are there on the

periodic table?

− Each column on the periodic table is called a GROUP.

− There are 18 groups on the periodic table.

• The periodic table is arranged in columns and rows.

− Each row on the periodic table is called a PERIOD.

− There are 7 periods on the periodic table.

How many periods

are there on the

periodic table?

− Each column on the periodic table is called a GROUP.

− There are 18 groups on the periodic table.


• The zigzag line is called the staircase and it separates the periodic table into two sides.

− To the left of the staircase you will find all the metals.

Can you find the

zigzag on the

periodic table?

− To the right of the staircase you will find all the non-metals,

metals

non-metals

except for hydrogen, which is a non-metal found….. on the upper left side.


− Directly around the staircase you will find 8 elements called metalloids.

metalloids

• The zigzag line is called the staircase and it separates the periodic table into two sides.


electrically conductive,

Metals:

• All metals are solids at room temperature except for mercury which is a liquid.

• Many metals are lustrous and silvery in color, malleable, ductile,

and some are magnetic.

METALS, NON-METALS & METALLOIDS

and carbon, phosphorus, sulfur, selenium and iodine which are solids at room temperature.

except for bromine which is a liquid,

Non-Metals:

• Most non-metals are gases,

• Non-metal elements are either colorless or have various colors, not malleable, not ductile, brittle when solid, poor electrical conductors and not magnetic.


Metalloids: • Metalloids are all solids at room temperature.

• They have some properties of both metals and non-metals.

− They mostly have a metallic luster, are brittle and are medium to good electrical conductors.


CHEMICAL FAMILIES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE Chemical Family: Is a group (column) that contains elements with similar properties.

CHEMICAL FAMILIES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

Group 1: Alkali Metals

Chemical Family: Is a group (column) that contains elements with similar properties.

Group 1: Alkali Metals • This group of elements are all soft and silvery solid metals.

• They are the most reactive of all the metals because…


Na Li K

they only have one valence electron.





Cl Na

Sodium Atom Chlorine Atom

They readily combine with other elements to transfer their one valence electron to become stable ions.





Cl Na

Sodium Atom Chlorine Atom Sodium Ion Chlorine Ion

NaCl New compound formed! table salt

They readily combine with other elements to transfer their one valence electron to become stable ions (with full outer shells).

Group 1: Alkali Metals

• Elements get more reactive as you go DOWN the group.

• They are all reactive with water.

Stored under mineral oil to exclude water vapor found in air.

Francium is the most reactive.


water mineral oil


Group 1: Group 2:

Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals


Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals

• These elements are all silvery metals.

• They are also reactive with water but not as much as group 1 elements

They have 2 valence electrons.







Ca Mg Be






They readily combine with other elements to transfer their two valence electrons to become stable ions (with full outer shells).

• Elements get more reactive as you go DOWN the group.

Radium is the most reactive.


Group 1: Group 2:

Groups 17: Alkali Metals Halogens Alkaline Earth Metals

• A chemical Family is a group that contains elements with similar properties.

Groups 17: Halogens

• This group of elements are all non-metals and are found in all three states.


gas

liquid

solid

• They are the most reactive of the non-metal because… they have 7 valence electrons.

1 electron short of a full valence shell.

Cl F

They readily combine with other elements to take one valence electron to become stable ions (with full outer shell).

Groups 17: Halogens

• This group of elements are all non-metals and are found in all three states.


gas

liquid

solid

• They are the most reactive of the non-metal because… they have 7 valence electrons.

1 electron short of a full valence shell.

Cl

They readily combine with other elements to take one valence electron to become stable ions (with full outer shell).

Na

Sodium Ion Chlorine Ion

Recall:

Groups 17: Halogens CHEMICAL FAMILIES ON THE PERIODIC TABLE

gas

liquid

solid

• Elements become more reactive as you move UP the group.

Fluorine is the most reactive.


Group 1: Group 2:


Groups 18: Noble Gases



• These non-metal elements are non-reactive gases.



• They don’t bond with other elements because….


they have

Ne He Ar

• Since they don’t react with other elements, they don’t form compounds.

full valence shells.

Noble gases are also described as inert gases.


Group 1: Group 2:



Transition Metals Groups 3-12:


Groups 3-12: Transition Metals • These groups contain metals that have the usual properties of

metals.


• These metals are all solids except for mercury which is a liquid at room temperature.

(Lustrous, malleable, ductile, electrically conductive, etc.)

iron skillet

Groups 3-12: Transition Metals


• The transition metals contain some of the most commonly known metals.

platinum ring

silver goblet

copper pipes

copper penny

gold necklace mercury

thermometer tungsten light bulb

titanium aircraft


Group 1: Group 2:



Transition Metals Groups 3-12:



Lanthanides: Elements 57-71 • All solid metals that have been misleadingly labeled “Rare Earth Metals” in the past.

Actinides: Elements 89-103 • All solid metals that are radioactive. They will spontaneously combust in air.

INTRODUCING THE PERIODIC TABLE - Mrs. Kelley's Science...

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