Introduccion a Organismos Sept 2010

8/8/2019 Introduccion a Organismos Sept 2010

1/14

Copyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings

PowerPoint Lecture Presentations for

BiologyEighth Edition

Neil Campbell and Jane Reece

Lectures by Chris Romero, updated by Erin Barley with contributions from Joan Sharp

Introduction: Themes in

the Study of Life

Chapter 1


2/14

Overview: Inquiring About the World of Life

Evolutionis the process of change that hastransformed life on Earth

Biologyis the scientific study of life

Biologists ask questions such as:

How a single cell develops into an organism

How the human mind works

How living things interact in communities



3/14

Life defies a simple, one-sentence definition

Life is recognized by what living things do

Video: Seahorse CamouflageVideo: Seahorse Camouflage



4/14

Order

Evolutionaryadaptation

Responseto theenvironment

Reproduction

Growth anddevelopment

Energyprocessing

Regulation

Fig. 1-3


5/14

Concept 1.1: Themes connect the concepts ofbiology

Biology consists of more than memorizingfactual details

Themes help to organize biological information



6/14

Evolution, the Overarching Theme of Biology

Evolution makes sense of everything we knowabout living organisms

Organisms living on Earth are modified

descendents of common ancestors



7/14

Theme: New properties emerge at each level in thebiological hierarchy

Life can be studied at different levels frommolecules to the entire living planet

The study of life can be divided into different

levels of biological organization



8/14

Fig. 1-4

The biosphere

Communities

Populations

Organisms

Ecosystems

Organs andorgan systems

Cells

Cell

Organelles

Atoms

Molecules

Tissues

10 m

1 m

50 m


9/14

Theme: Cells are an organisms basic units ofstructure and function

The cell is the lowest level of organization thatcan perform all activities required for life

All cells:

Are enclosed by a membrane

Use DNA as their genetic information

The ability of cells to divide is the basis of all

reproduction, growth, and repair of multicellular

organisms



10/14

A eukaryoticcellhas membrane-enclosedorganelles, the largest of which is usually the

nucleus

By comparison, a prokaryoticcellis simplerand usually smaller, and does not contain a

nucleus or other membrane-enclosed

organelles

Bacteria and Archaea are prokaryotic; plants,

animals, fungi, and all other forms of life are

eukaryoticCopyright 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings


11/14

1 m

Organelles

Nucleus (contains DNA)

CytoplasmMembrane

DNA(nonucleus)

Membrane

EukaryoticcellProkaryoticcellFig. 1-8


12/14

Theme: The continuity of life is based on heritableinformation in the form of DNA

Chromosomes contain most of a cells geneticmaterial in the form ofDNA (deoxyribonucleic

acid)

DNA is the substance of genes

Genes are the units of inheritance that transmit

information from parents to offspring



13/14

DNA Structure and Function

Each chromosome has one long DNA moleculewith hundreds or thousands of genes

DNA is inherited by offspring from their parents

DNA controls the development and

maintenance of organisms



14/14

Nucleicontaining

DNA

Sperm cell

Eggcell

Fertilized eggwith DNA fromboth parents

Embryos cells withcopies ofinherited DNA

Offspringwith traitsinheritedfrom

both parents

Fig. 1-9

Introduccion a Organismos Sept 2010

Documents

Transcript of Introduccion a Organismos Sept 2010