Introd to EMC

8/20/2019 Introd to EMC

1/72

Co-existence: introduction to

electromagnetic compatibility

Professor Ryszard [email protected]

Note: These are preliminary notes, intended only for

distribution to participants. Beware of misprints!

ICP-I!"#$-!RSI Sc%ool on Radio-#ased Computer &et'orking for Researc% and raining in $e(eloping Countries

%e )bdus Salam International Centre for %eoretical P%ysics ICP* rieste +Italy,* t% ebruary - /t% 0arc% 1223


2/72

Property of R. Struzak 1

Purpose

4 %e purpose of t%e lecture is to raise

t%e a'areness of electromagnetic

compatibility +50C, or 6co-existence7

problems of electronic de(ices


3/72


9%at 'ill 'e discuss

4 Some real-life examples

4 9%at are t%e basic 50C concepts

4 9%ere to find 50C standards4 ;o' 50C tests look like


4/72

Property of R. Struzak /

Accident at Foundry Plant

4 ) foundry 'orker died '%en

t%e radio-controlled

o(er%ead transporter

t%oug%t out a fe' tons ofli


5/72


Burning Crane

4 ) building 'orker 'as

burned '%en touc%ing t%e

load of a crane installed

for building operations.4 Cause: an electric arc

due to t%e R current

induced in t%e metallic

structure by a nearby

broadcasting transmitter


6/72

Property of R. Struzak =

ABS Failure

4 5arly )ntilock #rakingSystems +)#S, systemson bot% aircraft andautomobiles 'eresusceptible toelectromagneticinterference.

4 )ccidents occurred '%ent%e brakes functioned

improperly because 50Idisrupted t%e )#S controlsystem.

http://www.wreckedexotics.com/newphotos/bad/bad508.shtml


7/72

Property of R. Struzak

4 $uring t%e early years of )#S>s* some automobilese


8/72


"Black hole" in railway system

4 )n automatic registration systemof rail 'agons passingc%eckpoints indicated t%at'agons enter into some region*but ne(er go out of itD it 'as as ablack %ole 'ere t%ere.

4 Cause: radiation from a %ig%-

po'er radar station ne'ly-constructed near t%e c%eckpointburned out electroniccomponents installed on t%e'agons

E +Source: pri(atecommunication from a

&I) source,

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.air-and-space.com/197508%2520Eureka%2520Skunk%2520Train/11%2520Skunk%2520Train%252045%25202-8-2%2520right%2520front%2520l.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.air-and-space.com/Locomotives.htm&h=504&w=756&sz=54&tbnid=cdMIFuXYxc0J:&tbnh=93&tbnw=140&start=4&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtrain%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DN


9/72

Property of R. Struzak B

Aircraft Passenger Carry-On Devices

4 Passenger carry-on de(ices pro(ide a separ ate group of case%istories. %ey s%o' t%e susceptibility of modem electronicsystems aboard aircraft to 50I from seemingly innocuouselectronic de(ices* suc% as portable computers* )0-0F'alkmanF cassette players* dictap%ones* radios* %eart

monitors* and cellular p%ones.4 &)S) maintains a database +)SRS - )(iation Safety

Reporting System, - a compilation of (oluntary reportsdetailing safety problems submitted by pilots. %ese reportsare* for t%e most part* anonymous 'it% non-specific aircraftmodels and unidentified operating companies.

4 $uring t%e period B= - BB3* t%e database registered ina(erage 3122 reports a year. +Source: &)S) Ref erence Publication 8/Auly BB3,

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DGhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/0810landing4.jpg&imgrefurl=http://ciel.me.cmu.edu/soji/photo/030807london/j.html&h=1024&w=1280&sz=294&tbnid=FYydELUvkbIJ:&tbnh=120&tbnw=150&start=15&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dairplane%2Bsky%26imgsz%3Dxxlarge%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26rls%3DGGLD,GGLD:2003-35,GGLD:en%26sa%3DG


10/72


unaway !heelchairs4 Some po'ered-'%eelc%airs

experienced erratic*unintentional mo(ements'%en police* fire* or C#transmitters 'ere acti(atednearby.

4 %ese mo(ements included

sudden starts t%at caused'%eelc%airs to dri(e off curbsor piers . )lt%oug% no fatalinGuries %a(e been reported*$) %as ordered

manufacturers of motorized'%eelc%airs to s%ield t%emfrom 50I and to educateusers on t%e potential 50I%azards. +Source: &)S) Reference Publication 8/ Auly BB3,


11/72


Amulance #eart $onitor

4 Susceptibility of medicale


12/72


Crosstalk moile - fi%ed &hones

4 )ntennas of a base station of mobile system'ere installed at t%e top of %ig% building in t%ecity centre. )fter putting t%e mobile system into

operation* all con(ersations of t%e mobile userscould be %eard at e(ery telep%one connected tot%e old fixed telep%one installation.In(estigations s%o'ed t%at t%e reason 'as t%ecoupling bet'een t%e antennas and t%e 'iredtelep%one installation and nonlinearities inelectronic de(ices.


13/72


B-'( Staility Case

4 9%en electronic flig%t-controlsystems 'ere first added to t%e #-31 bomber autopilot system* un-commanded acti(ation of rear

flig%t control surfaces 'asexperienced '%en t%e ; radio'as acti(ated on t%e board

4 Cause: spurious ; radio signalsinduced in t%e 'iring system.

E +Source: &)S) ReferencePublication 8/* Auly BB3,


14/72


Blackhawk Crashes

4 #et'een B and B*

fi(e Blackhawk army%elicopters cras%ed andkilled or inGured all on board'%en fle' too near radiobroadcast transmitters.

4 Cause: insufficient immunityof flig%t +on-board, controlelectronic sub-systemagainst %ig% intensityradiated fields +;IR, t%atproduced uncommanded

mo(ements '%ile flying pastradio broadcast to'ers. +Source:&)S) Reference Publication 8/ Auly BB3,


15/72


)nintended $issile *aunch

4 $uring a #-31 missile interface unit test*

an uncommanded missile launc% signal

took place. Hne of t%e contributing factors

'as crosstalk in t%e systems 'iring. %e

outcome 'as a yearlong redesign and test

effort.

E +Source: &)S) Reference Publication 8/* AulyBB3,


16/72


Pioneer Crash

4 Pioneer is t%e name of a remotely piloted (e%icle +RP,using a portable remote control box. $uring its flig%t testsperformed by t%e !S &a(y in Aanuary B aboard t%e!.S.S. Io'a+ t%e pilot experienced a series of

uncommanded manoeu(res t%at caused loss of controland a cras% landing. Subse


17/72


Sheffield Catastro&he

4 %e #ritis% S%ip Sheffield %ad t%e most sop%isticatedantimissile defence system a(ailable. $espite t%at fact*during t%e alklands 9ar +B1,* it 'as %it by an 5xocetmissile and sank 'it% %ea(y casualties. It 'as possible

because t%e antimissile system created electromagneticinterference to radio communication system ofS%effield>s #arrier Get contingent assigned to t%e s%ip.9%ile t%e #arriers took off and landed* t%e missiledefence 'as disengaged to allo' communications 'it%

t%e Gets. %is pro(ided a 6'indo' of opportunity7 for t%e5xocet missile.

E +Source: &)S) Reference Publication 8/ Auly BB3,


18/72


Severmorsk Disaster

4 In mid-0ay B/* a So(iet ammunition

depot exploded. %e cause of t%e

accident* according to t%e So(iets* 'as an

o(er-t%e-%orizon radar t%at %ad illuminatedt%e depot.

E +Source: &)S) Reference Publication 8/ Auly

BB3,


19/72

Property of R. Struzak B

F-, Flight Controls

4 )n - = fig%ter Get cras%ed in t%e (icinity of a oice of )merica +H), radio transmitter because its fly-by-'ireflig%t control system 'as susceptible to t%e radio 'a(estransmitted. Since t%e :-= is in%erently unstable* t%e

pilot must rely on t%e flig%t computer to fly t%e aircraft.Subses 'ere modified topre(ent t%is type 50I* caused by inade


20/72


.ornado Fighter Case

4 )not%er case occurred in B/ near

0unic%* ?ermany. ) 9est ?erman

.ornado fig%ter cras%ed after flying too

close to a po'erful oice of )mericatransmitter.

E +Source: &)S) Reference Publication 8/ Auly

BB3,


21/72


$edical /0ui&ment Cases

4 0odern medical e


22/72


5lectronic Implant )cti(ation

4 )n 5nglis%-language Gournal read by o(er million readersreported t%e follo'ing story. ) pastor in San rancisco'anting to cure %is impotence 'as trying an experimentalelectronic penis implant* '%ic% produced erection at t%etouc% of a button. ;o'e(er* in addition to t%e intended

erections* t%e man experienced also random ones.In(estigations re(ealed t%at t%e cause 'as insufficientimmunity to signals from a radio-steered garage-dooropener. 5(ery time %is next-door neig%bour used t%eopener* t%e pastor %ad an erection. ;e commented: FIt>s

bad enoug% '%en I>m pottering around t%e back yard* butit gets really mortifying '%en I>m deli(ering my Sundaysermon.F

J +Source: 5uropa imes &o.11* 0arc% BB3,


23/72


#earing Aids

4 0illions of pensioners using a %earing-aidde(ice 'ere forced to endure 1/-%our rapand rock music from t%e / po'erful radio

transmitters of 6)iling Radio 7 net'ork int%e !K. It 'as caused by a fla' in t%ede(ice t%at acted as unintended radiorecei(er* in addition to its intended

function.E +Source: 5uropa imes &o.11* 0arc% BB3,


24/72

Property of R. Struzak 1/

4 Publicity 'as gi(en to electronic

pacemakers* or aircraft and air traffic

na(igational control systems* but it is only

a 6tip of iceberg7.

J It 'as pointed out by many researc%ers t%at

users experiencing e


25/72


Hutline





26/72

Property of R. Struzak 1=

50C: '%at is it

4 5lectromagnetic compatibility +50C,: ability ofan e


27/72


5lectrical systems e(ery'%ere

4 %ere is an unprecedented proliferation of

electrical de(ices and electronic controls

in almost e(ery aspect of %uman life

4 LIntelligenceM is being added to e(en t%e

lo'est-cost products due to:

J ?eneral proliferation of electricity

J No' price of integrated functional blocks

J Progress in digital signal processing


28/72


9e depend on electronicsO

4 Nife of indi(iduals and functioning of t%esociety is increasingly dependent onerrorless functioning of numerous systems:

J 5mergency telecommunication systems J )ir* maritime* land transportation systems*...

J Safety systems* etc.* etc* O

4 0ost of suc% critical systems are controlledby electronic sub-system %ard'are and" orsoft'are


29/72

Property of R. Struzak 1B

4 9%ilst electronic controls +FintelligenceL,

bring many benefits* t%ey also suffer from

peculiar performance" reliability problems

4 50 interference is one of maGor problems

related to performance and reliability

common to all electronic tec%nologies


30/72


5lectromagnetic Interference +50I,

any electromagnetic disturbance t%atinterrupts* obstructs* or ot%er'ise

degrades t%e e


31/72


rends

4 Integration* and increasing complexitymake electronic systems and componentsmore (ulnerable to electrical influences.

4 &e' silicon c%ips tend to be more susceptible to50 disturbance t%an t%e de(ices t%ey replace.

4 0iniaturisation and proliferation ofelectronic" electrical apparatuses +'ired

and 'ireless, brings t%e sources and(ictims of disturbance closer toget%er*'%ic% increases t%e interference potential


32/72


50I-pro(oked 6a(alanc%e7

4 50I is able to cause malfunctioning of any

electronic system component* especially

of integrated circuits

4 ) malfunctioning component can disrupt

t%e operation of a subsystem or system

4 Suc% a disruption in safety-related

applications can pro(oke an accident or

catastrop%e


33/72


Safety-related systems

4 0any safety-related systems use

electronic components and sub-systems

t%at are (ulnerable to 50I

J Safety t%e freedom from unacceptable risks

t%at are %armful to an indi(idual* a group* or

t%e public.

4 Conse


34/72


%e issue is not Gust academic

4 %e functioning of numerous industrialplants* communication and transportationsystems* and t%e electricity supply of

'%ole regions depends critically onerrorless operation of electronic systemst%at are 50I susceptible J %e 50I"50C problems %a(e been

6disco(ered7 first in military applications inB327s and no' are more and more beingsuffered in ci(ilian applications too


35/72


Negal conse


36/72

Property of R. Struzak 8=

50I-related t%reats

4 0any 50C-related malfunctions* incidents* andpotential incidents are kno'n* especially to 50Cconsultants* but consultants are usually boundby confidentiality agreements and so t%ese donot get reported. J It is suggested t%at t%e actual rate of 50C-related

malfunctions exceeds t%ose reported in t%e press byseveral thousand-fold or so

J )n increasing number of t%ese malfunctions 'ill %a(esafety implications as electronic tec%nologies becomemore 'idely used in safety-related systems


37/72


50I t%reat data

4 &eit%er e


38/72


50I t%reat assessment

4 )s no publicly a(ailable and reliable

statistics exists on t%e number and

conse


39/72


Hutline





40/72

Property of R. Struzak /2

50C-related recommendations

4 0ost countries follo' t%e rele(ant regulations*

standards* recommendations* and reports of

maGor international organizations:

J The IEC : standards and publications on electrical andelectronic e


41/72


9arning

4 50C recommendations and standards shouldnot be follo'ed 'it%out full understanding J )ctual 50I effects depend on specific situation*

current 50 en(ironment* and actual coupling. %ese

may differ significantly from t%ose assumed in arecommendation or standard.

J )ctual 50 en(ironment is subGect to c%ange+temporary or permanently, due to e


42/72


50I depends on '%at

?i(en interference criteria* 50I effectsdepend on

. System emissions

1. System immunity8. $egree of coupling

ritsc% C ): Radiati(e ;eat ransferD P%ysical $esign of 5lectronic Systems* ol. I $esign ec%nology* Prentice-;allB2* p. 13B-1=D D

#uus R ?: 5lectrical InterferenceD P%ysical $esign of 5lectronic Systems* ol. I Prentice-;allB2* p. 8-/8D elecomm ?lossary 1222

5mission

+Hffending

apparatus,

50 Coupling

Immunity

+ictim

apparatus,


43/72


5mission

4 )ny electrical" electronic apparatus emits

50 energy

J If t%at energy +disturbance, exceeds some

safe le(el:4 It can interfere 'it% t%e operation of ot%er de(ices*

degrade it* or disrupt it completely.

4 It may be %armful to li(ing organisms.

4 %e (ictim may be t%e user of t%e

apparatus and" or a t%ird party.


44/72

Property of R. Struzak //

Immunity

4 )ny electrical" electronic apparatus reacts

to external 50 stimuli +disturbances,

J If t%e reaction exceeds some safe le(el* itcan disturb t%e correct operation of t%e

apparatus* degrade it* or disrupt it completely.

4 %e (ictim may be t%e user of t%e de(ice

and"or a t%ird party.


45/72


Coupling +#lack-#ox approac%,

4 %e apparatus interacts 'it% its electromagneticen(ironment t%roug% a number of p%ysical 6ports7.

4 5ac% port can transport energy in bot% directions using(arious 50 p%enomena and (arious transport modes

)pparatus

unctional eart% port

Signal port )C po'er port

$C po'er port

5nclosureport


46/72

Property of R. Struzak /=

Principal 50 p%enomena

4 Conducted low-frequency phenomena J ;armonics

J Signaling (oltages

J oltage fluctuations

J oltage dips and interruptions J oltage unbalance

J Po'er-fre


47/72


4 Conducted high-frequency phenomena J Induced C9 (oltages or currents J !nidirectional transients J Hscillatory transients

4Radiated high-frequency phenomena J 0agnetic fields J 5lectric fields J 5lectromagnetic fields

4 Continuous 'a(es4 ransients

4 Electrostatic discharge phenomena (ESD)4 High altitude nuclear electromagnetic pulse (HEM)


48/72


;o' to assure 50C

4 o mitigate interference* t%e acceptable limits foremissions* immunity* and coupling must beobser(ed '%en systems" de(ices operate

4 %ese must be obser(ed during t%e entire life-cycle +design* make* install* upgrade andmaintain p%ases, of t%e system and (erifiedusing appropriate test met%ods for eac% port and

50 p%enomenon J &ote: #e'are of parameter (ariability and influence oft%e en(ironment


49/72

Property of R. Struzak /B

50C limits

4 /mission limits: t%e maximum disturbance le(els

'%ic% t%e e


50/72


50 5&IRH&05& CH0PH&5&S

&)!R)N0)&-0)$5

&H&-CH00!&IC)IH&

M!"-M!DE

C#MM$"%C!&%#"

5RR5SRI)N

5UR)-5RR5SRI)N

;5R0)N &HIS5

)0HSP;5RIC

PR5CIPI)IH&

S)IC

S!&

CHS0IC

R)$IH S)RS

R

&H&-R

I&$!SRI)N

SCI5&IIC

05$IC)N

;H!S5;HN$

5;ICN5S* R)CIH&

HHNS* CH0P!5RS

PH95R NI&5S

5S$

R)$)R

#RH)$C)S

PHI&-H-PHI&

PHI&-H-0!NIPHI&

0H#IN5

S)5NNI5

N)&$

)5RH&)!IC)N

?5HS)IH&)RV

&-?5HS)IH&)RV

0H#IN5

S)5NNI5


51/72


EMC C#"&R#'

FREQUENCY

DOMAIN

TIME

DOMAIN

LOCATION

DOMAIN

DIRECTION

DOMAIN

R5W!5&CV )SSI?&05&

+$0),

R)&S0I5R

X R5C5I5R

IN5RS

C$0)

)CIIVSV&C;RH-

&IY)IH&

$0)

C$0)

S5P)R)IH&$IS)&C5

&)!R)N

5RR)I& .

S;I5N$I&?

)&5&&)$IR5CIH&

IN5R

)&5&&)

PHN)RIY)IH&

IN5R


52/72


50 coupling reduction

4 Conducti(e coupling +(arious modes, J 50I filters X optical couplers to mitigate

4 0-ield +magnetic or inducti(e, coupling

J $istance X magnetic s%ields to mitigate

4 5-ield +5lectric or capaciti(e, coupling

J $istance X electric s%ields to mitigate

4 50-ield Coupling

J $istance X electromagnetic s%ields to mitigate


53/72


54/72


0aintenance

4 9%en installing ne' e


55/72


9%at 'ill 'e discuss



49%ere to find 50C standards

4 ;o' 50C tests look like


56/72


System X 5n(ironment

SYSTEM TS EN"#$NMENT

SVS50

5&IRH&05&

In emission testing 'e replace t%e

en(ironment by test e


57/72


Source: ) Podgorski


58/72


50 cell

Source: ) Podgorski


59/72


est room

Courtesy of Ro%de X Sc%'arz


60/72

Property of R. Struzak =2

50C tests

4



61/72


50C tests



62/72


50C tests



63/72


est antennas



64/72

Property of R. Struzak =/

est antennas



65/72


ests from t%e air %is p%oto s%o's a flying

laboratory on manned

%elicopter I designed

and super(ised many

years ago.

0odern tec%nology allo's

suc% measurements to be

made at distance* using

miniature unmanned

radio-controlled

airplanes and %elicopters


66/72

Property of R. Struzak ==

lying laboratory +,


67/72


lying laboratory +1,


68/72


References

4 Armstrong = : 50C-related functional safetyD I50 update 122* p. 31-3B

4 /)OP/A> /$C Directive ? htt&122euro&a3eu3int2comm2enter&rise2electr4e0ui&ment2emc2guides2engli sh3&df @

4 /)OP/A> ../ Directive ? htt&122euro&a3eu3int2eur-le%2&ri2en2o62dat2,7772l487,2l487,,777898:en8 8,888(;3&df @

4


69/72

Property of R. Struzak =B

4 >ASA Reference Publication 8/* Aul. BB34 Online guide to /$C +%ttp:""'''.interferencetec%nology.com",4 Ro%de X Sc%'arz: 0easuring 50I and 'anted signalsD &e's from

Ro%de X Sc%'arz Special4 StruEak : errestrial 5lectromagnetic 5n(ironmentD in otkiewicE !

?ed3@ /lectromagnetic Com&atiility in adio /ngineering+ &3-':+ 8-999-77:((-7+ /lsevier ,7;( 4 SEentkuti B1 50C standards today: starting point into t%e future5 in

StruEak ?/d3@ loal Communications


70/72


9%at 'e %a(e learned

4 9%at is electromagnetic compatibility and

'%y s%ould 'e consider it

4 9%at are basic 50C concepts and '%at

are 50C limits

4 9%ere to find more information on 50C

standards* recommendations* etc.

4 ;o' 50C tests looks like


71/72


Summary

4 %e aim of 50C is

J to ensure t%e reliability of all types of

electronic de(ices '%ere(er t%ey are used

J and t%us to ensure t%e reliable and safeoperation of t%e systems in '%ic% t%ey are

employed.

4 50C concerns all of us


72/72

)ny

Introd to EMC

Documents

Transcript of Introd to EMC