Intro. HistoryARTAPP 1.

8/11/2019 Intro. HistoryARTAPP 1.

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PART ONE: Introduction

We all dream. That is imagination atwork. (pg.6)

To imagine means simply to make animage a picture-in our minds.


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Different ways our imaginationcan be triggered;

when we are ill

a ceiling crack on which we have kept

our eye may begin to look like ananimal or a tree

our imagination adds the line thatwere not there before

inkblot (fig. 1, pg. 7) made byaccident


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Imagination

the imagination is one of the mostmysterious facets of mankind

connector between the conscious and

subconscious, where most of our brainactivity takes place

the very glue that holds mans personality,intellect, and spirituality together

imagination is important for allowing us toconceive of all kinds of possibilities in thefuture and to understand the past in a waythat has real survival value


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Who were the first artists?


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What is Art?


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Art and Meaning

What is Art?

Why does man create it?

Because of an irresistible urge to recast himself andhis environment in ideal form

art represents its creators deepest understanding andhighest aspirations; at the same time, the artist oftenplays an important role as the articulator of sharedbeliefs

a great work contributes to our vision of life and

leaves us profoundly moved a masterpiece has this effect upon us many people


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Art and Meaning

it can bear the closest scrutiny andwithstand the test of time

art enables us to communicate ourunderstanding in ways that cannot beexpressed


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Art and Meaning

But what is the meaning of ART?

What is it trying to say?

Art has been called a visual dialogue for it

expresses its creators imagination just assurely as if he were speaking to us, thoughthe object itself is mute

If we cannot literally talk to a work of art,

we can at least learn how to respond to it Taste is conditioned solely by culture, which

is so varied that it is impossible to reduceart to any one set of precepts


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Art and Meaning

Therefore, that absolute qualities inart elude us, that we cannot escapeviewing works of art in the context oftime and circumstance.

Thus, forcing us to readjust our sights


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Art and Meaning

Thus the artists hands, however modestthe task they may have to perform, play anessential part in the creative process

The leap of the imagination is sometimes

experienced as a flash of inspirations, butonly rarely does a new idea emerge fullyblown

Instead, it is usually preceded by a longgestation period in which all the hard workis done without finding the key to thesolution to the problem

Imagination makes connections betweenseemingly unrelated parts and then

recombines them


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Art and Meaning

The creative process consists of a longseries of leaps of the artists imaginationand his attempts to give them form byshaping the material accordingly

Thus, he gradually gives birth to his workby defining more and more of the image,until at last all of it has been given visibleform

Work of art is both joyous and painful,replete with surprises, and in no sensemechanical

Artist tends to look upon his creation as aliving thing


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Art and Meaning

The artist is always driven to attemptthe impossible- or at least theimprobable or unimaginable

The artists way of working is soresistant to any set, rules, while thecraftsmans way encouragesstandardization and regularity

Artist as creating, instead of merelymaking something


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The urge to penetrate unknown realms, toachieve something original, may be felt byeveryone of us now and there

Artists not so much the desire to seek

-- mysterious ability to find which wecall TALENT!

--gift

--genius meant that a higherpower-a kind of good demon-inhabitsthe artists body and acts through him


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Why is that Art?Why is that good Art?


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Originality

Why is that Art?

Why is that good Art?

Well, I dont know anything about artbut I know what I like.


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Originality

Art is so much a part of the fabric of humanliving that we encounter it all the time,even if our contacts with it are limited to

the lowest common denominator of populartaste

I know what I like = I like what I know

such likes are not in truth theirs at all, but

have been imposed on them by habit andcircumstance, without any personal choice.


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Self-Expression and Audience

all art involves self-expression (fig. 3 pg.11)

De Andrea makes us realize that to theartist, the creative act is a labor of love that

brings art to life The artist does not create merely for his

own satisfaction, but wants his workapproved by others

The hope for approval may be what hemakes him want to create in the first place

The creative process is not completed untilthe work has found as audience


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Self-Expression and Audience

In the end, works of art exist in order to beliked rather than to be debated

public audience not the quantity butthe quality

the merits of the artist s work can never bedetermined by popularity contests

love of works of art an attitude at oncediscriminating and enthusiastic that lends

particular weight to their judgment experts, people whose authority rests onexperience rather than theoreticalknowledge


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PART TWO: HOW ART BEGAN


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The Magic Art of Cavemen andPrimitive Peoples

The Old Stone Age our earliest ancestors began to walk on the earth

with two feet about two million years ago, but notuntil some six hundred thousand years later do wemeet the earliest traces of man the tool maker

he must have been using tools all along, for apes willpick up a stick to knock down a banana, or a stone tothrow at an enemy

sticks or stones as fruit knockers or bone crackers once man was able to do that, he discovered that

some sticks and stones had a handier shape thanothers and put them aside for future use-heappointed them as tools because he had begun tolink from and function.


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The Magic Art of Cavemen andPrimitive Peoples

Large pebbles or chunks of rocks showingthe marks of repeated use for the sameoperation

Next step was for man to try chipping awayat these tools-by-appointment so as toimprove their shape.

This is the earliest craft of which we have

evidence, and with it we enter a phrase ofhuman development known as the OLDSTONE AGE.


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Cave Art

Thirty-five thousand years ago, late stagesof old stone age

Men lived in caves or in shelter ofoverhanging rocks

Sites have been discovered cavemen was divided into several groups;

Aurignacians and Magdalenians- giftedartists

images of animals painted on the rocksurfaces of caves; cave of Lascaux, in theDordogne region of France (fig. 4 pg. 15)


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Cave Art

Bison, deer, horses and cattle

Some simply outlined in black, othersfilled in with bright earth colors

All showing the same uncanny senseof life

(Fig. 5 pg. 15)


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Cave Art

How did this art develop?

What purpose did it serve?

How did it happen to survive intact

over so many thousands of years?


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Cave Art

The pictures rarely occur near the mouth ofa cave, where they would be open to easyview ( and destruction), but only in thedarkest recesses, as far from the entrance

as possible These images served a purpose far more

serious than mere decoration By making a picture of an animal they

meant to bring the animal itself within theirgrasp, and in killing the image theythought they had killed the animals vitalspirit


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The New Stone Age

new crafts and inventions; pottery, weavingand spinning, basic methods ofarchitectural construction

uncovered by excavation

stone implements of ever greater technicalrefinement and a vast variety of clayvessels covered with abstract ornamentalpatterns, but hardly anything comparableto the art of the Old Stone Age

(figs. 7 and 8 pg. 17)


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The New Stone Age

religious

moving of mountains

structure is oriented toward the exact point where thesun rises on the longest day of the year,

sun-worshiping ritual Greek archi-tecture meant something higher than

ordinary

tecture (that is, construction, or building) , astructure set apart from the merely practical,

everyday kind by its scale, order, permanence, orsolemnity of purpose


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Primitive Art

the imaginative reshaping, rather than thecareful observation, of the forms of nature

its concern is not the visible world but the

invisible, disquieting world of spirits to the primitive mind, everything is alive

with powerful spiritsmen, animals, plants,the earth, rivers and lakes, the rain, the

wind, sun, moon.


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Primitive Art

All these spirits had to be appeased, and itwas the task of art to provide suitabledwelling places for them and thus to trap

them. Such a trap is the splendid ancestor figure

from New Guinea (fig. 9 pg. 19)

Ancestor worship being perhaps the most

persistent feature of primitive society n


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Mask and Costumes

Primitive man was not content with ritualsor offerings before his spirit traps

He needed to act out his relations with the

spirit world through dances and similardramatic ceremonials in which he couldtemporarily assume the role of the spirittrap by disguising himself with elaboratemasks and costumes

Masks from by far the richest chapter inprimitive art, and one of the most puzzling

Meaning is often impossible to ascertain


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Mask and Costumes

Jealously guarded from the uninitiated

Heightened the emotional impact of theritual

Encouraged the makers of masks to strivefor imaginative new effects

Masks are less bound by tradition thanother kinds of primitive art

(Fig. 10 pg. 20)

(fig. 11 and 12 pg. 20)


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Painting

plays a subordinate role in primitivesociety

to color wood carvings or the humanbody

intricate ornamental patterns

Indian tribes developed the uniqueart of sand painting (fig. 13 pg. 21)


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Development of Visual Arts

Medieval art was focused on spiritualexpression than physical beauty.Symbols were emphasized.

Gothic art emphasized rediscovery ofnature resulting in a calmer, moreplastic style.

Egyptian culture has the elements ofnature as the sun, moon, stars, sacredanimal on wall carvings, life size figuresof men and women.


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Gothic sculpture stressed figures withcarving of their garments to showimpression of real bodies and limbs

Architecture started with the NeolithicAge, the New stone age, which lastedroughly from 8000 to 3000 BC.

Before the Neolithic Age, man oftenused existing caves for shelter andalso for religious ceremonies.


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The oldest traces of early man aretools made of stone.

Mud bricks and fired bricks were theprincipal building in Mesopotamia.

The Architecture in Egypt consist ofsteriometric shape or mass and

rhythmically articulated elementsexpressed mainly in pyramids andother tombs and temples.


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Classic Greek Architecture is best seen in thetemple that consists of 3 columns: Doric, ionicand Corinthian.

The principal building types of Islamarchitecture were the palace, tomb, and fort.Spiral buildings and spiral works of art werefound throughout the Islamic architecturalhistory.

The Byzantine architecture is famous with largescreen wth paintings of saints, Christ andMadonna inside churches.


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Romanesque architecture featuresrounded arches, low and dark heavywalls and fortress walls and piers.

Gothic architecture features pointedarches, with verticality, no walls andextensive use of glasses.

Renaissance architecture featuressymmetrical, worldly, andaristocratic.


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The Romantic classicism architectureconsists of steriometric shapes orvalues, such as cube, sphere,

pyramid and cone.

The current trends in architecture aremore of weightlessness and

transparency.

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