Seminar on Intonation

Listener-specific perception ofspeaker-specific productions?francesco cangemifcangemi@uni-koeln.de

Thank you!

Orari flessibili; installare praat; diverso dallabstract (seminari precedenti, pubblico -anche praat-); didattica e tesi francesi60I. Theory09:30 10:45 A. Architectures 1. Prosody and intonation 2. Abstractionist assumptions 3. Exemplarist challenges 4. Prosodic detail11:00 12:30 B. Primitives 1. Partial Topics in Italian 2. Intonational meaning 3. Challenging primitives i. Contour warping ii. Individual behaviourII. Practice14:00 15:00 C. Praat scripting 1. Basics15:15 16:30 2. Plotting i. Synthesis (one example) ii. Analysis (many items)3LongShortABProsody and arbitrariness4Both highly universal and language-specificPhysio- andpsychologicallymotivatedAcquisitionLearningPathologyPhylogeniesOntogenesisFirstLast

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hier soir, avant de s'endormir, Franois fumait une dernire cigarette, en relisant le cours d'allemand qu'il avait prpar pour ses lves de terminale. Puis, il crasa sa gauloise dans un cendrier, et teignit la lumire. Un moment plus tard, une odeur de brl le rveilla. La pice tait envahie de fume, et Franois s'aperut avec effroi que les rideaux de la fentre avaient pris feu.[Louis et alii, 2001]Firstto appearLastto disappearPROSODYThe workmen from Boston were leavingFM

LearningPathologyProsody and function6

Message encodingand decodingDisambiguation of(surface) syntactic structuresPROSODY(Ill move on) (Saturday)(Ill move) (on Saturday)7

PROSODYLexical access[Christophe et alii 2004]

Le livre racontait lhistoire[dun grand chat grincheux] [qui avait mordu un facteur]CHAGRIN[dun grand chat drogu] [qui dormait tout le temps]*CHADMessage encodingand decodingDisambiguation of(surface) syntactic structures8PROSODYInformation structureManagement of interaction

e.g. backchannels[Benus et alii 2007]E.g., it.:Michele viene con meMicheal comes with meModalityContrastivityGivennessLexical accessMessage encodingand decodingDisambiguation of(surface) syntactic structuresI. Theory09:30 10:45 A. Architectures 1. Prosody and intonation 2. Abstractionist assumptions 3. Exemplarist challenges 4. Prosodic detail11:00 12:30 B. Primitives 1. Partial Topics in Italian 2. Intonational meaning 3. Challenging primitives i. Contour warping ii. Individual behaviourII. Practice14:00 15:00 C. Praat scripting 1. Basics15:15 16:30 2. Plotting i. Synthesis (one example) ii. Analysis (many items)9Architectures10SUBSTANCEFUNCTIONFORMSyntaxLexiconInformation structureInteractionf0amplitudedurationvoicequalityArchitectures11SUBSTANCEFUNCTIONFORM/kt/

Architectures (intonation)12Intonation refers to

the use of suprasegmental phonetic features

to convey post-lexical or sentence-level pragmatic meanings

in a linguistically structured way.

[Ladd , 1996]FORMFUNCTIONSUBSTANCEArchitectures (prosody)(Prosody is a) branch of linguistics devoted to the factual description (phonetic aspects) and the formal analysis (phonological aspects) of the systematic elements in the phonic expression which are not coextensive to phonemes, such as accents, tones, intonation and quantity.

whose actual manifestations in speech production are associated with variations in the physical parameters of f0, duration and intensity, which represent prosodys objective parameters. These variations are perceived by the listener as changes in pitch, length and loudness, which are prosodys subjective parameters.

The prosodic elements play at (lexical prosody) or above (post-lexical prosody) the word level a bundle of grammatical, para-grammatical and extra-grammatical functions, related to what is said, how it is said and to speaker identity. These functions prove crucial in signalling the structure of utterances and of discourse, and in guiding their semantic and pragmatic interpretation.

[Di Cristo 2004]13FORMFUNCTIONSUBSTANCEI. Theory09:30 10:45 A. Architectures 1. Prosody and intonation 2. Abstractionist assumptions 3. Exemplarist challenges 4. Prosodic detail11:00 12:30 B. Primitives 1. Partial Topics in Italian 2. Intonational meaning 3. Challenging primitives i. Contour warping ii. Individual behaviourII. Practice14:00 15:00 C. Praat scripting 1. Basics15:15 16:30 2. Plotting i. Synthesis (one example) ii. Analysis (many items)14An alternative architecturethese models introduce a phonological level of description that is intermediate between (abstract) function and (concrete) phonetic form

it is our experience that one always get better results if one can do without such an intermediate level, i.e., if one can establish a direct link between (syntactic/semantic) function and phonetic form

the unfortunate notion of pitch accent

[Batliner and Mbius 2005]15An alternative architecturesubstancefunctionFORMexemplarauditoryproperties

f0,F1,F2,F3,durcategorylabels

word,sex,speaker[Johnson 1997][K. Schweitzer 2012]16Categorization

Monothetic approach (classical view)

Singly necessary and jointly sufficientfeaturesbug/bg/

bun /bn/17

Prototypic (probabilistic view)

Categories center around members sharing many features

Polythetic (Familienhnlichkeit)

elements of a class share more or less features1818Episodic (exemplar view)

Online categories, comparing probe to stored exemplars

ABC

1919I. Theory09:30 10:45 A. Architectures 1. Prosody and intonation 2. Abstractionist assumptions 3. Exemplarist challenges 4. Prosodic detail11:00 12:30 B. Primitives 1. Partial Topics in Italian 2. Intonational meaning 3. Challenging primitives i. Contour warping ii. Individual behaviourII. Practice14:00 15:00 C. Praat scripting 1. Basics15:15 16:30 2. Plotting i. Synthesis (one example) ii. Analysis (many items)20Phonetic detailExemplar-based models:

Traces for words are storedwithout reducing phonetic informationto an abstract phonological representationPhonetic detail:

systematically produced and perceivedphonetic information which is not included in abstract phonological representations21True prefix:discolour/ ds kl/Pseudo-prefix:discover/ ds kv/Spectrotemporal patterns[R. Smith et al. 2012]ProductionIntelligibility in noise[Baker et al. 2007]PerceptionFrequency[Bybee 2001]mammary[mmi]artillery[tli]memory[mmi]every[v.i]22Exemplar-based models:Traces for words are storedwithout reducing phonetic informationto an abstract phonological representation

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Functional approaches to prosody: No intermediate phonological level, but only a direct link between function and phonetics

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Exemplar-based prosody:

Words are stored along with their f0 contours23Exemplar prosodyset ofcategorylabelsset ofauditoryproperties

exemplar[K. Schweitzer 2012]Words are stored along with theirf0 contourMemoryrequirementsFeature analysis

A:I hear youll soon be a doctor in chemistry.B:a.Me?!b.A doctor in chemistry?!H L H H L HAdapted from [Ladd 1996]

Restrictive view of phonetic detail:

systematically produced and perceived phonetic information which is not YET included in abstract phonological representations24Abstract forms (e.g. pitch accents) in AM theory are phonetically very underspecifiedPROSODIC CUESf0durationamplitudespectralfeatureseventsinterpolations

25Prosodic detailIf systematically produced and perceivedphonetic information is foundto cue functional contrasts,

phonological representationsmight be enrichedeither in inventory or grammarAlbero di riduzione25I. Theory09:30 10:45 A. Architectures 1. Prosody and intonation 2. Abstractionist assumptions 3. Exemplarist challenges 4. Prosodic detail11:00 12:30 B. Primitives 1. Partial Topics in Italian 2. Intonational meaning 3. Challenging primitives i. Contour warping ii. Individual behaviourII. Practice14:00 15:00 C. Praat scripting 1. Basics15:15 16:30 2. Plotting i. Synthesis (one example) ii. Analysis (many items)26PROSODIC CUESf0durationamplitudespectralfeatureseventsinterpolations

27Partial Topic constructions seem to have distinctive rise shape

Interpolation rather than events?!

Albero di riduzione27

28Narrowing down the Discourse TopicNon exhaustive answer[Bring 1997]Partial Topics in Neapolitan ItalianA: How do your friends like their coffee?

B: Milena drinks it black

(as for the others, I wouldnt know)milenalovuoleamaromilenait-OBJwant-3SGunsweetenedno28

AlignmentScalingCurve index:[Dombrowski & Niebuhr 2005; Cangemi 2009]29Reading task with contextualizing paragraph

3 sentences2 contexts7 speakers5 repetitions210 items

Two-sample two-tailed T-tests

Both with prosodic break after NL is acceleration peak (d)

no29C scalingCurve index

LHstart ofend ofScalingAlignment

p