Into the 20 th Century

Into the 20Into the 20thth Century Century

Unit 3Unit 3

Into the 20Into the 20thth Century Century

• 1867: U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for 1867: U.S. buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 Million dollars$7.2 Million dollars

• 1894: Pullman Palace Car Company goes 1894: Pullman Palace Car Company goes on strike.on strike.

• 1898: U.S. declares war on Spain. Teddy 1898: U.S. declares war on Spain. Teddy Roosevelt leads the Rough Riders to Roosevelt leads the Rough Riders to Victory!Victory!

• 1900: Dr. Walter Reed discovers 1900: Dr. Walter Reed discovers mosquitoes spread yellow fever.mosquitoes spread yellow fever.

• 1901: Teddy Roosevelt Becomes President1901: Teddy Roosevelt Becomes President

1903: Jack London publishes Call of the Wild

1910: Jane Addams publishes Twenty Years at Hull House

1914: Panama Canal Opens

Interest in World Affairs: American’s begin to take an interest in world affairs. Some thought that we needed colonies to expand our holdings.

America’s Business: America grows to become a giant of industry. We become an “Urban Nation” made up of cities.

Welfare Payments: Government aid to the poor or unemployed did not exist at this time.

Progressive Era: era when people believed life could be improved by government reform.

Muckrakers: journalists who wrote articles about injustice and corruption that they saw at the time.

Chapter 11 Seward’s FollyChapter 11 Seward’s Folly

• William Henry Seward:William Henry Seward: Made a deal to purchase Made a deal to purchase Alaska from the Russians for 7.2 Million Dollars, Alaska from the Russians for 7.2 Million Dollars, or about 2 cents per acre.or about 2 cents per acre.

• Seward’s Folly Or Seward’s Ice Box:Seward’s Folly Or Seward’s Ice Box: Many People Many People felt that Seward wasted the nation’s money and felt that Seward wasted the nation’s money and that we had no need for that cold, far off land.that we had no need for that cold, far off land.

• Russian America:Russian America: Russian’s were the first to Russian’s were the first to explore Alaska. They sent explorer Vitus Bering explore Alaska. They sent explorer Vitus Bering to find out what was east of the Siberian Sea, this to find out what was east of the Siberian Sea, this sea is later called the Bering Sea.sea is later called the Bering Sea.

• Archipelago:Archipelago: a chain of Islands a chain of Islands• Aleuts:Aleuts: An Alaskan Indian Tribe whose names An Alaskan Indian Tribe whose names

means island.means island.• Aleutians:Aleutians: A chain of islands on Alaska’s Pacific A chain of islands on Alaska’s Pacific

Coast.Coast.

Chapter 11 Seward’s FollyChapter 11 Seward’s Folly

• Russian American:Russian American: Russian colonies in North Russian colonies in North America. War in 1850 with England leaves Russia America. War in 1850 with England leaves Russia very poor.very poor.

• Alaska becomes a U.S. territory:Alaska becomes a U.S. territory: October 18, 1867. October 18, 1867. They have a big parade in Sitka.They have a big parade in Sitka.

• Official Government:Official Government: No government in Alaska for No government in Alaska for the next 17 years after it becomes a territory. No the next 17 years after it becomes a territory. No laws, no courts, no taxes to pay for roads, schools, laws, no courts, no taxes to pay for roads, schools, etc. American’s living in Alaska ask Congress to set etc. American’s living in Alaska ask Congress to set up a government. They finally do in 1884.up a government. They finally do in 1884.

• Gold Rush:Gold Rush: Prospectors find gold on the beach. Prospectors find gold on the beach. Mainlanders seeking their fortune get on ships Mainlanders seeking their fortune get on ships headed to Alaska.headed to Alaska.

• Nome, AlaskaNome, Alaska: this is were gold is first found. By : this is were gold is first found. By 1900 millions of dollars in gold is found there.1900 millions of dollars in gold is found there.

• Greatest Bargain in History:Greatest Bargain in History: Seward’s Folly turns out Seward’s Folly turns out to be the best 7.2 million the U.S. ever spent.to be the best 7.2 million the U.S. ever spent.

• Dog Sled:Dog Sled: a method of travel used in Alaska. a method of travel used in Alaska.

A headline in the July 17, 1897 Seattle Post-Intelligencer announces the discovery of gold in the Klondike region of the Yukon Territory, in Canada. The news prompted thousands to seek their fortunes there. In 1900, the peak production year, $22 million in gold was mined in the area.

Chapter 12 War With SpainChapter 12 War With Spain

• U.S.S. Maine Battleship:U.S.S. Maine Battleship: Feb. 15, 1898, U.S.S. Maine Feb. 15, 1898, U.S.S. Maine is anchored in Havana Harbor in Cuba, on a is anchored in Havana Harbor in Cuba, on a “friendly visit”. President McKinley sent the Maine “friendly visit”. President McKinley sent the Maine there to protect Americans and their property in there to protect Americans and their property in Cuba. At 9:40 the U.S.S. Maine explodes, 260 men Cuba. At 9:40 the U.S.S. Maine explodes, 260 men die.die.

• The Press:The Press: U.S. newspaper headlines state U.S. newspaper headlines state “REMEMBER THE MAINE” this becomes rallying cry “REMEMBER THE MAINE” this becomes rallying cry of America.of America.

• Anti-Spanish Feelings:Anti-Spanish Feelings: Americans calling for war Americans calling for war with Spain. Cuba was under Spanish rule. Cuban with Spain. Cuba was under Spanish rule. Cuban people starving while Spanish land owners lived people starving while Spanish land owners lived well. Cuban rebels begin to fight Spanish.well. Cuban rebels begin to fight Spanish.

• New York Journal:New York Journal: owned by William Randolph owned by William Randolph Hearst becomes locked in a circulation was with Hearst becomes locked in a circulation was with another N.Y. newspaper.another N.Y. newspaper.

Chapter 12 War with SpainChapter 12 War with Spain• New York World:New York World: owned by Joseph Pulitzer. Both N.Y. owned by Joseph Pulitzer. Both N.Y.

papers start to use sensational headlines to sell papers start to use sensational headlines to sell papers. Some of the headlines were not entirely truepapers. Some of the headlines were not entirely true

• Yellow journalism:Yellow journalism: The use of unfair methods to The use of unfair methods to attract or influence readers to buy a paper.attract or influence readers to buy a paper.

• The U.S. Declares War:The U.S. Declares War: April 25 1898, U.S. declares April 25 1898, U.S. declares war on Spain.war on Spain.

• President McKinley:President McKinley: He did not want to got to war. He He did not want to got to war. He had no choice when the Navy’s official report blamed had no choice when the Navy’s official report blamed the explosion on Spain. The report was not entirely the explosion on Spain. The report was not entirely true to this day it can still not be proven whether the true to this day it can still not be proven whether the Maine’s boiler blew up or it was bombed.Maine’s boiler blew up or it was bombed.

• War Starts:War Starts: Starts in the Philippines, a Spanish Colony. Starts in the Philippines, a Spanish Colony. 18,000 Americans already stationed there. Poorly 18,000 Americans already stationed there. Poorly trained, had old rifles and were wearing wool uniforms trained, had old rifles and were wearing wool uniforms in a jungle atmosphere. These men were sick and in a jungle atmosphere. These men were sick and hundreds died from malaria.hundreds died from malaria.

American troops landed on Cuba’s Daiquirí Beach in 1898 during the Spanish-American War. American victory turned the United States into a world power.


• Rough Riders:Rough Riders: A horse mounted regiment led A horse mounted regiment led by Teddy Roosevelt. That actually had to by Teddy Roosevelt. That actually had to fight on foot in Cuba because there was no fight on foot in Cuba because there was no room for most of the horses on the transport room for most of the horses on the transport ships.ships.

• Block HousesBlock Houses: Forts built on top of Kettle and : Forts built on top of Kettle and San Juan Hill by the Spanish. Rough Riders San Juan Hill by the Spanish. Rough Riders were able to charge up San Juan Hill and were able to charge up San Juan Hill and take it under heavy fire.take it under heavy fire.

• Armistice:Armistice: Temporary peace agreement to Temporary peace agreement to end a war.end a war.

• America’s Broad Reach:America’s Broad Reach: War showed that War showed that the U.S. was a world power. A treaty with the U.S. was a world power. A treaty with Spain gave America control of Puerto Rico, Spain gave America control of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines.Guam and the Philippines.

• Hawaii:Hawaii: becomes an U.S. Territory as a result of war. becomes an U.S. Territory as a result of war.

At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War, Theodore Roosevelt formed a group of volunteers that became the First Volunteer Cavalry Regiment. Roosevelt dubbed them the Rough Riders. In July 1898 Roosevelt led his men on a charge up Kettle Hill, which flanked a Spanish fortification on San Juan Hill. The charge made the Rough Riders famous, and years later, Roosevelt called the battle “the great day of my life.”


• Teddy Roosevelt: formed a group of volunteers that became the First Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, Helped win the Spanish-American War.

• Guantanamo Bay:Guantanamo Bay: 1903 Treaty gave 1903 Treaty gave the U.S. a lease to occupy and use a the U.S. a lease to occupy and use a Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba Naval Base at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba forever. The Lease was renewed in forever. The Lease was renewed in 1934 and the U.S. still uses it today. 1934 and the U.S. still uses it today.

Chapter 13 Panama CanalChapter 13 Panama Canal

• U.S.S. Oregon:U.S.S. Oregon: Sets new speed record going around Sets new speed record going around South America but it wasn’t fast enough. A South America but it wasn’t fast enough. A shortcut was needed. An idea was to build the shortcut was needed. An idea was to build the Panama Canal.Panama Canal.

• Isthmus:Isthmus: a narrow strip of land with water on each a narrow strip of land with water on each side connecting two larger bodies of land.side connecting two larger bodies of land.

• Bargaining With Colombia:Bargaining With Colombia: Panama is considered Panama is considered part of Colombia.part of Colombia.

• Treaty:Treaty: Sec. of State Hay asks Colombia for a Sec. of State Hay asks Colombia for a treaty. He asked them to sell a stretch of land 6 treaty. He asked them to sell a stretch of land 6 miles long to the U.S. to make a Canal Zone that miles long to the U.S. to make a Canal Zone that would be controlled for 100 years by the U.S.. would be controlled for 100 years by the U.S.. Colombia stalls and wouldn’t approve the treaty.Colombia stalls and wouldn’t approve the treaty.

• PanamaniansPanamanians: People of Panama were unhappy : People of Panama were unhappy under Colombian rule. Columbia has soldiers under Colombian rule. Columbia has soldiers march into the City of Colon to protect their march into the City of Colon to protect their interests.interests.

The Panama Canal consists of three separate canal locks, as well as other artificial waterways. The canal spans a total distance of 64 km (40 mi) from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean through the Isthmus of Panama. The ship shown here is entering the Panama Canal from the Caribbean, or Atlantic, side.


• Colon:Colon: Columbia sends soldiers in to Colon Columbia sends soldiers in to Colon to stop the uprising by the Panamanian to stop the uprising by the Panamanian people.people.

• USS Nashville:USS Nashville: U.S. Battleships sent to U.S. Battleships sent to Colon the day before the revolt starts to Colon the day before the revolt starts to aid Panama. Columbian soldiers couldn’t aid Panama. Columbian soldiers couldn’t out fight the U.S. Navy. So Panama out fight the U.S. Navy. So Panama declares themselves an independent declares themselves an independent nation called the Republic of Panama. nation called the Republic of Panama. Colombia lost the revolt and receives Colombia lost the revolt and receives nothing.nothing.

• Trouble in Panama:Trouble in Panama: U.S. starts to build the U.S. starts to build the Panama Canal in 1904. There were many Panama Canal in 1904. There were many problems.problems.

• Yellow Fever:Yellow Fever: A disease spread by A disease spread by mosquitoes that thousand die from.mosquitoes that thousand die from.


• John Stevens:John Stevens: An engineer hired by An engineer hired by President Roosevelt to fix all the President Roosevelt to fix all the problems at the Panama Canal.problems at the Panama Canal.

• Dr. Walter Reed/Dr. William Gorgas:Dr. Walter Reed/Dr. William Gorgas: The doctors in charge of getting rid The doctors in charge of getting rid of Yellow Fever in Panama.of Yellow Fever in Panama.

• Canal Zone:Canal Zone: the area around the 51 the area around the 51 mile long Panama Canal.mile long Panama Canal.

• Locks:Locks: Locks are elevators for ships. Locks are elevators for ships. Water is pumped in or out to raise or Water is pumped in or out to raise or lower ships to meet certain levels.lower ships to meet certain levels.

In this photograph, the huge gates and concrete chamber of Gatún Locks are shown during construction of the Panama Canal, which was completed in 1914. The canal's locks were the largest ever built at the time.

Chapter 13 Panama CanalChapter 13 Panama Canal• Panama Canal:Panama Canal: John Stevens presented a John Stevens presented a

workable plan to Congress. They accepted workable plan to Congress. They accepted it. He resigned and Congress assigns Col. it. He resigned and Congress assigns Col. Goethals to replace him.Goethals to replace him.

• Col. George W. Goethals:Col. George W. Goethals: man in charge of man in charge of completing John Steven’s plans. Took 7 completing John Steven’s plans. Took 7 years of workers digging out, millions of years of workers digging out, millions of tons of rock and earth to complete the tons of rock and earth to complete the canal.canal.

• A Man, A Plan, A Canal:A Man, A Plan, A Canal: Politicians planned Politicians planned to send the battleship Oregon through the to send the battleship Oregon through the canal first but it never happened, WWI canal first but it never happened, WWI broke out. The Panama Canal becomes broke out. The Panama Canal becomes very important to America’s defenses and very important to America’s defenses and is still considered one of the greatest is still considered one of the greatest engineering feats of all time.engineering feats of all time.

United States President Theodore Roosevelt wanted to build a canal across Panama to facilitate shipping of goods and to allow ships to move swiftly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean in case of military threat. The canal, shown here under construction, was completed in 1914.

Chapter 14 Jane AddamsChapter 14 Jane Addams

• Jane AddamsJane Addams: Born Sept. 6, 1860, in Cedarville, Illinois. : Born Sept. 6, 1860, in Cedarville, Illinois. She graduated from Rockford College for Women. She graduated from Rockford College for Women.

• Education for WomenEducation for Women: Many people thought that : Many people thought that educating women was dangerous. Women didn’t educating women was dangerous. Women didn’t need education, they were just going to have babies need education, they were just going to have babies and take care of their husbands and house.and take care of their husbands and house.

• Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania:Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania: Jane Jane Addams decided to go to medical school after Addams decided to go to medical school after graduating from college. Later She decides medicine graduating from college. Later She decides medicine isn’t for her.isn’t for her.

• Two trips to Europe:Two trips to Europe: Jane Addams goes to Europe Jane Addams goes to Europe twice. In London she visits the poor side of town. twice. In London she visits the poor side of town. What she sees there has a huge impact on her. She What she sees there has a huge impact on her. She decides she is going to help the poor, but she doesn’t decides she is going to help the poor, but she doesn’t know how. On her second trip to London she visits a know how. On her second trip to London she visits a place called Settlement House. This house helps the place called Settlement House. This house helps the poor. She decides to start her own house in the U.S. poor. She decides to start her own house in the U.S. She calls it Hull houseShe calls it Hull house

In 1889 Jane Addams founded Hull House, a center for welfare work in Chicago. Fueled by Addams’s exuberant personality, Hull House championed the causes of labor reform, public education, and immigrants’ rights. Addams’s book, Twenty Years at Hull House, details her service and social justice work in Chicago.


• Settlement House:Settlement House: A place that helped the A place that helped the poor.poor.

• Philanthropist:Philanthropist: A person who works to help A person who works to help mankind.mankind.

• Canon BarnettCanon Barnett: The founder of London’s : The founder of London’s first Settlement House.first Settlement House.

• Toynbee Hall:Toynbee Hall: The name of London’s first The name of London’s first Settlement House. It had workshops, Settlement House. It had workshops, classes, meeting rooms and a library for the classes, meeting rooms and a library for the poor.poor.

• Hull House:Hull House: The name Jane Addam’s gave The name Jane Addam’s gave to her Settlement House, in 1888. Addams to her Settlement House, in 1888. Addams and her best friend Elizabeth Starr rented a and her best friend Elizabeth Starr rented a run-down mansion in Chicago and offered run-down mansion in Chicago and offered English , crafts, music and vocational English , crafts, music and vocational training classes to the poor.training classes to the poor.


• Neighborhood Issues:Neighborhood Issues: Addam’s fought to Addam’s fought to improve the lives of the people in her poor improve the lives of the people in her poor neighborhood. She became a well-known neighborhood. She became a well-known leader.leader.

• Child Abuse:Child Abuse: Addam’s successfully fought Addam’s successfully fought the garment industry by getting laws passed the garment industry by getting laws passed to protect children workers.to protect children workers.

• Child Workers:Child Workers: Children often as young a 7 Children often as young a 7 or 8 had to work 12-14 days before Jane or 8 had to work 12-14 days before Jane Addams fought to have laws passed to Addams fought to have laws passed to protect them.protect them.

• Ward:Ward: A Neighborhood political area. A Neighborhood political area.• Garbage Inspector:Garbage Inspector: Jane Addams became a Jane Addams became a

ward garbage inspector after she repeatedly ward garbage inspector after she repeatedly reported sanitation law violations that reported sanitation law violations that embarrassed city officials.embarrassed city officials.


• National Issues:National Issues: Addams campaigns across the Addams campaigns across the country for Teddy Roosevelt. She felt that the country for Teddy Roosevelt. She felt that the Republican party pledged itself to protect children Republican party pledged itself to protect children and the poor. Some politicians felt that Addams had and the poor. Some politicians felt that Addams had no right to voice her opinion. They told her to mind no right to voice her opinion. They told her to mind her own business.her own business.

• Twenty Years at Hull House:Twenty Years at Hull House: The name Addams’ The name Addams’ autobiography was published in 1910. She wrote autobiography was published in 1910. She wrote about her years there and it became a best seller.about her years there and it became a best seller.

• Woodrow Wilson:Woodrow Wilson: Despite Addams campaigning for Despite Addams campaigning for Roosevelt he was defeated by Woodrow Wilson.Roosevelt he was defeated by Woodrow Wilson.

• Women’s Suffrage:Women’s Suffrage: Addam’s turned her attention to Addam’s turned her attention to the cause of Women’s Suffrage. She postponed her the cause of Women’s Suffrage. She postponed her Suffrage activities when WWI broke out in 1914.Suffrage activities when WWI broke out in 1914.

• Women’s League for Peace:Women’s League for Peace: Addam’s voted president Addam’s voted president of the League. She urged women to pressure the of the League. She urged women to pressure the government into negotiating for peace in WWI. She government into negotiating for peace in WWI. She urged President Wilson to establish peace. urged President Wilson to establish peace.

• Jane Addam’s won the Nobel Prize for PeaceJane Addam’s won the Nobel Prize for Peace

Chapter 15 Teddy RooseveltChapter 15 Teddy Roosevelt• Theodore Roosevelt:Theodore Roosevelt: Born Oct. 27, 1858. He was Born Oct. 27, 1858. He was

a sickly child who grew up to be president. He a sickly child who grew up to be president. He once gave a speech while running for President once gave a speech while running for President minutes after he had been shot and a bullet was minutes after he had been shot and a bullet was lodged in his lung.lodged in his lung.

• Assembly:Assembly: another word for legislature. another word for legislature.• Reformer:Reformer: Roosevelt elected to New York State Roosevelt elected to New York State

Assembly at age of 23. His strong opposition to Assembly at age of 23. His strong opposition to corruption in government made him known as a corruption in government made him known as a reformer.reformer.

• Typhoid Fever:Typhoid Fever: February 14, 1884, Roosevelt’s February 14, 1884, Roosevelt’s mother dies of typhoid fever and his wife dies mother dies of typhoid fever and his wife dies from complications of child birth.from complications of child birth.

• Home on the Range:Home on the Range: Roosevelt known as a Roosevelt known as a cowboy from working on his ranch where he goes cowboy from working on his ranch where he goes to get over the loss of his wife and mother.to get over the loss of his wife and mother.

On February 4, 1884, when Roosevelt was 25, his wife Alice Lee Roosevelt died shortly after giving birth to his daughter, also named Alice. On the same day, his mother died of typhoid fever. Roosevelt went west to run two small cattle ranches in the Dakota Territory. For two years he worked as a cowboy, spending 14 to 16 hours a day in the saddle. During that time, he also completed a biography of Missouri Senator Thomas Hart Benton and wrote a four-volume series called The Winning

Chapter 15 Teddy RooseveltChapter 15 Teddy Roosevelt

• Old Four-Eyes:Old Four-Eyes: Roosevelt was nicknamed old four Roosevelt was nicknamed old four eyes because he wore very thick glasses.eyes because he wore very thick glasses.

• Blizzards of 1886 and 1887:Blizzards of 1886 and 1887: Roosevelt’s cattle die in Roosevelt’s cattle die in a blizzard and he gave up ranching and returned to a blizzard and he gave up ranching and returned to New York, ran for mayor but was defeated, he New York, ran for mayor but was defeated, he started to write history books instead.started to write history books instead.

• Fighting Corruption:Fighting Corruption: Roosevelt comes out of political Roosevelt comes out of political retirement in 1889. President Harrison appoints him retirement in 1889. President Harrison appoints him to a commission to keep him quiet.to a commission to keep him quiet.

• U.S. Civil Service Commission:U.S. Civil Service Commission: Roosevelt takes over Roosevelt takes over to make sure that government employees are hired to make sure that government employees are hired because of their ability and not as a reward.because of their ability and not as a reward.

• War Hero:War Hero: Roosevelt and the Roughrider's charge Roosevelt and the Roughrider's charge up San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War, up San Juan Hill during the Spanish-American War, his picture is published in the Newspaper and this his picture is published in the Newspaper and this makes him one of them most famous men in makes him one of them most famous men in America.America.

Chapter 15 Teddy RooseveltChapter 15 Teddy Roosevelt• Vice President Roosevelt:Vice President Roosevelt: His fame got him His fame got him

nominated as Vice-President under nominated as Vice-President under McKinley. McKinley is assassinated in office McKinley. McKinley is assassinated in office and Roosevelt becomes president.and Roosevelt becomes president.

• Progressive:Progressive: Roosevelt was considered a Roosevelt was considered a Progressive because he believed he could Progressive because he believed he could improve the way American’s lived by improve the way American’s lived by governmental reform.governmental reform.

• Miner’s Strike:Miner’s Strike: PA miners strike for higher PA miners strike for higher wages and better working conditions, mine wages and better working conditions, mine owners refuse to bargain. Schools and owners refuse to bargain. Schools and hospitals are forced to close because there hospitals are forced to close because there is no fuel. Finally Roosevelt threatens to is no fuel. Finally Roosevelt threatens to send in the army unless owners agree to send in the army unless owners agree to arbitration.arbitration.

Chapter15 Teddy RooseveltChapter15 Teddy Roosevelt• Arbitration:Arbitration: a settlement of a dispute by a a settlement of a dispute by a

person chosen to hear both sides and make person chosen to hear both sides and make a decision.a decision.

• Consumers:Consumers: people who buy goods and people who buy goods and services for personal needs. Roosevelt services for personal needs. Roosevelt supports laws that protect consumers form supports laws that protect consumers form impure foods and medicine.impure foods and medicine.

• ““Big Stick Diplomacy”Big Stick Diplomacy” Roosevelt believed Roosevelt believed that the U.S. should “Speak Softly and carry that the U.S. should “Speak Softly and carry a big stick.” Meaning that the country a big stick.” Meaning that the country should always be willing to talk about peace should always be willing to talk about peace but be ready to use force if necessary.but be ready to use force if necessary.

• Jan. 6, 1919:Jan. 6, 1919: Roosevelt died at the age of Roosevelt died at the age of 61 after becoming weakened from a fever 61 after becoming weakened from a fever he got in Brazil.he got in Brazil.

Into the 20 th Century

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