Internet TCP/IPCameron SchmidtJordan Gallo

Outline•History•TCP/IP Layers•Applications•Transport• Internetwork – IPV6•Network Interface and Hardware

History/Development•60’s and 70’s•Many standalone

networks•Difficult to

communicatebetween networks

History/Development•70s - Defense Advanced

Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

• Internetworking •Define a set of

protocols

History/Development•TCP/IP protocol took its

current form in 1978•1983 DARPA’s research

network ARPANET

TCP/IP•Protocol suite•Standard method of

interconnecting hosts, networks, and the internet

•Enables communication between hosts on different networks

Data Packet Diagram

Applications Data

TransportTCP

headerTCPData

InternetworkIP

header

IP Data

Link (Network interface and Hardware)

Frame header Frame Data Frame Footer

PacketProtocol Layer

How A Webpage Is Retrieved

Protocol Layers

Applications

Transport

Internetwork

Network Interface and Hardware

Applications

TCP/UDP

ICMP IP

ARP/RARP

Network Interface and Hardware

……

……

……

……

SMTP, Telenet, FTP…

TCP UDP

IP

Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA

ICMPARP RARP

Applications Layer•FTP•Telnet •SMTP•HTTP

Protocol Layers

Applications

Transport

Internetwork

Network Interface and Hardware

Applications

TCP/UDP

ICMP IP

ARP/RARP

Network Interface and Hardware

……

……

……

……

SMTP, Telenet, FTP…

TCP UDP

IP

Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA

ICMPARP RARP

Transport Layer•TCP connection oriented duplicate data

suppression congestion/flow control

•UDPConnectionlessbest- effort servicebetter performance

Transport LayerTCP Protocol Operation• 3 Main Stages

-Connection Establishment 3 step hand shake-Data Transfer error check, flow control, congestion control-Connection TerminationFIN packet transmitted, 4 step process

TCP Packet

Protocol Layers

Applications

Transport

Internetwork

Network Interface and Hardware

Applications

TCP/UDP

ICMP IP

ARP/RARP

Network Interface and Hardware

……

……

……

……

SMTP, Telenet, FTP…

TCP UDP

IP

Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA

ICMPARP RARP

Internetwork Layer• Internet layer or Network layer• IP is most important•Routing function that delivers data to destination• IP datagram is a message in an IP network

IP packet

IP addressing•Each host on a network is assigned an IP address•Network number is assigned by one of five Regional

Internet Registries (RIR), depending on geographical location

• IP address = <Network Number><Host Number>

IP Address Classes

•Class based on size of network, A B C

•D - multicasting, multiple hosts receive single datagram

•E - experimental use

IP Addresses Running Out?• IPv4 was implemented

in early 80’s•A maximum of 2^32

addresses could be assigned

•NAT & CIDR

What Is Being Done?• IPv6 – next Internet protocol

suite that can have 2^128 IP addresses

•Slowly being implemented by businesses

•Will eventually become the new standard

Protocol Layers

Applications

Transport

Internetwork

Network Interface and Hardware

Applications

TCP/UDP

ICMP IP

ARP/RARP

Network Interface and Hardware

……

……

……

……

SMTP, Telenet, FTP…

TCP UDP

IP

Ethernet, Token-Ring, FDDI, X.25, Wireless, Async, ATM, SNA

ICMPARP RARP

Network Interface Layer• Link layer or Data-Link

layer• Interface to network

hardware•No particular protocol is

specified•Ethernet, WLAN, IEEE

802.2, X.25, ATM, FDDI, SNA

References• http://www.yale.edu/pclt/COMM/TCPIP.HTM• http://www.garykessler.net/library/tcpip.html• http://www.linuxjunkies.org/network/tcpip/intro1.html• http://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=377101• http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/gg243376.pdf• http://www.omnisecu.com/tcpip/tcpip-model.htm• http://gargasz.info/index.php/how-internet-works-dns/• http://penguin.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/academic/networks/application-layer/ftp/index.php• http://www.avast.com.au/server_protection/smtp• http://km2.iiietc.ncu.edu.tw/xms/content/show.php?id=17803• http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_FdmXjI_9KMI/TBUy2HdobQI/AAAAAAAAAE8/rfpSs9VjODo/s1600/

LAN1_lanfig1_0000.GIF• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/World_IPv6_launch_logo.svg/500px-

World_IPv6_launch_logo.svg.png• http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/aa918342.aspx• http://computing.dcu.ie/~humphrys/Notes/Networks/tanenbaum/5-53.jpg• http://projectcongregate.net/survey/pics/arnet-1970.png• http://projectcongregate.net/survey/pics/arnet-1977.png• http://www.dlpcorporate.com/wp-content/uploads/ip-empty.jpg

Questions?