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INTERNET & EINTERNET & E--BUSINESSBUSINESSWebsite Design
Course Instructor: Ms. Hira Jawaid
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Overview Overview
Characteristics of Web Pages
Print vs. Web Pages
Elements of Web Page Design
Principles of Web Page Content
Dos and Don’ts
Website Reader Friendliness Checklist
Exercise
2
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Characteristics of Web PagesCharacteristics of Web Pages
Create building blocks of a website, like a page in a book
Require a browser such as Internet Explorer, Firefox etc to be
viewed
Contain HTML (hyper text markup language) code to define format
and functions Include text, downloadable files, audio, video and animation in
different formats
Allow non linear navigation to other pages through hyperlinks
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Print vs. Web Pages:Print vs. Web Pages:SimilaritiesSimilarities
Writing principles
◦ Customized content for different user groups
◦ Clear, concise, accurate, and relevant content
◦ Simple and easy-to-understand language
Design elements
◦ Good typography
◦ White space, emphasis, and contrast
◦ Simple, clutter free page design and layout
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Print vs. Web Pages:Print vs. Web Pages:DifferencesDifferences
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5
Features Print Pages Web Pages
Content Uniform for all users User specific content
Links and labels Not available Standard features
Navigation tools Not available Standard features
Distribution Limited / local distribution Global distribution
Sound and Animation Not available Available in different formats
Performance Does not varyInternet speed affects
performance
InteractivityLow volume and delayed
response times
Instant response through
email and message boxes
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What are the first steps in web page design?What are the first steps in web page design?
State your purpose/objective – why build a website for your business?
Determine your audience – who are your target audience?
Define the content – what kind of information will be provided on your site?
Identify the essential resources – do you have the budget, personnel, materials, tim
other resources?
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1. State your purpose/Objective1. State your purpose/Objective
What is the main purpose of developing the Website?
◦ review your mission statement
Do you want your web site to accomplish all or some of those things?
◦ the more goals, the more difficult the task becomes
What information do you need or want to provide?
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Who is the information for?
◦ Do you have more than one audience?
◦ Can you serve them all with one Web site?
What are their interests and needs?
Are they proficient in using technology available?
Do you have the equipment and materials necessary to meet their needs?
What will they get from your site? Learn anything or accomplish a task?
What are the information needs of your audience?
What are their habits, characteristics, culture, technical capabilities, etc.
◦ Are they likely to start with the Web or another information source?
2. Determine your Audience2. Determine your Audience
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What kind of information will be provided on your website?
Is it educational information or entertainment?
Does the content meet the information needs of your audience?
Is it relevant? interesting?
Is it current and accurate?
Will web pages be effective in conveying and distributing the information?
3. Define the Content3. Define the Content
https://www.google.com/url?q=http://blog.speedwell.com.au/4-steps-to-define-your-social-media-content-strategy/&sa=U&ei=8IZoU-7kM5CV0QXYx4CwBA&ved=0CE4Q9QEwEDgo&usg=AFQjCNE9M1YwrGOeRC7NoSYoQFILNk8-dw
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4. Identify Essential Resources4. Identify Essential Resources
Do you have the management’s support?
Is the allocated budget enough for the creation and publishing of the web
site?
Do you have the manpower?
Do the personnel involved in the project have the needed expertise?
Are the necessary materials already available?
What is your timeline for the creation of the web site?
https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.rp.edu.sg/grad/home/EventDetails.aspx?id=198&sa=U&ei=fYdoU8zvPOam0QW08IDgDQ&ved=0CEoQ9QEwDg&usg=AFQjCNG6jJGw73GDi4gDywUzTEzh6rddMAhttps://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.amsimaging.com/blog/bid/132224/How-Is-Your-Human-Resource-Department-Doing&sa=U&ei=fYdoU8zvPOam0QW08IDgDQ&ved=0CDwQ9QEwBw&usg=AFQjCNGxLlpLcCWdf50QMt-MtIQqXG7KRQhttps://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.press-superstore.com/news/&sa=U&ei=fYdoU8zvPOam0QW08IDgDQ&ved=0CC4Q9QEwAA&usg=AFQjCNE_WBRC0owO4xbe1IgGqY-RU3qcrg
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Try it out: Optimize it for your audienceTry it out: Optimize it for your audience
Test it in-house.
Test it on a sample audience.
Test it on as many different computers and monitors and browsers as
possible.
Test it using various Internet connections.
◦ Modems
◦ Direct connects
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What are the elements of a web page?What are the elements of a web page?
Title – title of the web page
Web address – URL of the page shown at the browsers address box
Content – information on the page - text, graphics and other media types
Design – style of the page, font, color, background, visual elements
Structure – layout of the page, title, headings, tables, frames, navigational tools,
footers
Hyperlinks – links to related resources
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Table /
Navigational
tools
Elements of a web pageElements of a web page
Document title
Address (URL)
BannerWeb page
title
Footer /
Copyright
Graphic
elements
Hyperlinks
Content
Search
tool
Navigationa
l tools
Frames
Hyperlink
s
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Elements of Web Page DesignElements of Web Page Design
Overall look of the Webpage
Content
Emphasis
Contrast
Typography
Color and Graphics
Navigation Tools
Visual Balance
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Overall look of the WebpageOverall look of the Webpage
Match the purpose of the web site and its appropriate information tothe target audience
Maintain consistency, clarity and simplicity – uniform color scheme
Use of colors, images, hyperlinks and web technology effectively
Organize the design elements logically and predictably
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ContentContent
Match the purpose of the web site and its appropriate information tothe target audience
Information organized logically and predictably (text and other mediatypes)
Ensure information is accurate, current, relevant , useful complete,interesting, unique
Employ a concise, easy to read writing style
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EmphasisEmphasis
Communicates your message effectively
Highlights placement of most important topics
Determines information organization on the page
Common ways to emphasize:
◦ Use of white space to make elements stand apart
◦ Bold, big, italics, different colors, borders, etc.
◦ Effects (drop shadow, glow, texture), shapes, etc
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ContrastContrast
Generates visual interest by making page appealing
Enables easy navigation and directs user to desired part of the page
Common ways to contrast:
◦ Use of white space, reverse text, larger size, italics
◦
Borders, different colors, and effects
◦ Distinct labels and links
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Typography Typography
Refers to the arrangement of text on a page
Enhances readability and increases user friendliness
Complements graphics and images to cultivate an image in the
reader’s mind
Assists in conveying message you intend to convey (professional,
recreational, whimsical, etc.)
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Typography (cont.) Typography (cont.)
Rules to remember
◦ Make content easily readable
◦ Choose between mono-spaced and proportional text spacing and stick to
the choice
◦ Maintain a clean look by mixing serif and sans serif fonts
◦ Use fonts no bigger than 14-18 pts or smaller than 12-10 pts for body text
◦ Avoid dancing letters and words
◦ Choose fonts that
Fit the character of your site
Are easily readable on a computer screen
Are widely available across many browsers and operating systems
◦ Provide alternatives for unsupported fonts on different browsers
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Typography (cont.) Typography (cont.)
Rules to remember (cont.)◦ Use Cascading Style Sheets to define and set characteristics and effects
to text
Define formatting of features in a web page such as fonts, color, weight, line
spacing, indents, text transformation
Apply styles to a page using cascading styles hierarchy
Generate inconsistent results on different platforms due to lack of uniform browser
support
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Color and GraphicsColor and Graphics
Defines character and identity of the web page
Draws eyes to page elements and enhances readability
Impacts and influences reader’s mind and opinion of the website
(flashy or subdued)
Adds recall value and draws association to ideas or brands (blue
and yellow of Ikea.com)
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Color and Graphics (cont.)Color and Graphics (cont.)
Color - Rules to remember◦ Understand the color wheel and how to use color schemes
◦ Limit mixing complementary colors such as blue and orange, green and
red
◦ Use black and white when in doubt
◦
Test color schemes for readability by visually impaired readers◦ Provide alternate schemes for old computers
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ColorColor – – Example of Color SchemesExample of Color Schemes
Monochromatic: uses only one color with its different tints andshades. For example, www.abercrombie.com.
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ColorColor – – Example of Color Schemes (cont.)Example of Color Schemes (cont.)
Analogous: uses three to five colors next to each other on thecolor wheel. For example, www.fahrenheit.com.
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ColorColor – – Example of Color Schemes (cont.)Example of Color Schemes (cont.)
Complementary: uses colors opposite to each other on the colorwheel to provide stark contrast. For example,
www.ezitsolutions.com.
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GraphicsGraphics – – Rules to RememberRules to Remember
Graphics: Rules to remember
◦ Use the right file format for different images
Graphic Interchange format (GIF) for non-photographic images up to 256 colors
Joint photographic experts group (JPEG) for photographs and images with rich
and complex color variations
◦ Place buttons and boxes at the top of the page
◦ Use small but standard icons for recognizable concepts such as mail,
home page, money, etc.
◦ Provide matching text links for every graphic link to help low bandwidthusers
◦ Use browser-safe colors for graphics and backgrounds
◦ Make animated graphics turn off automatically to minimize distraction
◦ Avoid dancing or flashing images
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NavigationNavigation
Refers to the way a web page is structured f or use
Directs users to desired destination by providing visual clues
Maintains user focus
Makes all website features accessible
Uses various tools depending on nature of content and target users
Can be selected from text links, icons, buttons, bars and other graphical
elements
Organized them logically and predictably
Provide clear, quick and consistent method to move within the site
Provide easy to use and find links
Should employ intuitive and descriptive pointers
Help create the web site’s identity
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http://www.nikalsystems.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Navigation.jpghttp://www.nikalsystems.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Navigation.jpghttp://www.nikalsystems.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/Navigation.jpg
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Navigation (cont.)Navigation (cont.)
Rules to remember
◦ Group navigation tools in one place
◦ Keep tools vertically or horizontally aligned
◦ Present all available features as buttons, bars, tabs, text links to help
visual direction
◦ Maintain consistent use of tools and terminology
◦ Place ‘bread crumb trail’ visual clues to where the user is
◦ Provide meaningful and relevant links
◦ Divide browser window into separate frames or sections to view
graphics clearly◦ Create uniform information presentation to provide for different monitor
settings
◦ Use a site map or an index
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http://www.topdesignmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/images.jpg
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Visual Balance Visual Balance
Refers to the combination of visual elements such as lines, images, text,
shapes, and color on a page
Keeps elements evenly distributed without leaning too much on any one in
particular
Common ways to achieve visual balance:
◦ Placing elements based on how eyes scan and follow
◦ Considering alignment, repetition, and proximity of elements
◦ Using text links, navigation tools, graphics such as arrows, pointing
fingers, curvy lines, etc.
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http://www.topdesignmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Designs-should-have-balance.jpghttp://www.topdesignmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Designs-should-have-balance.jpghttp://www.topdesignmag.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/images.jpg
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Principles of Web Page ContentPrinciples of Web Page Content
Clarity
Brevity
Informality
Accuracy
Relevance
Consistency
Authority
Compatibility of layout and design
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Principles of Web Page Content: ClarityPrinciples of Web Page Content: Clarity
Communicate the purpose of the page clearly
Use simple but appropriate language
Make content self explanatory
Keep information well organized and labeled
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Principles of Web Page Content:Principles of Web Page Content:
BrevityBrevity
Use short sentence structures and small words
Write visually scan able text
Use bold phrases and bullet lists
Write a blurb or summary of the page
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Principles of Web Page Content:Principles of Web Page Content:
InformalityInformality
Maintain an informal and conversational tone
Make content interesting to explore
Experiment with design and layout to distinguish page
Provide forms for reader response and feedback
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Principles of Web Page Content: AccuracyPrinciples of Web Page Content: Accuracy
Check facts and figures before publishing
Eliminate typos and grammatical errors
Provide references for source material
Eliminate misleading links and materials
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Principles of Web Page Content: RelevancePrinciples of Web Page Content: Relevance
Identify target audience and customize pages to suit their needs
Place the most relevant information at the top
Keep information current and well updated
Provide language options to make content reach a wider audience
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Principles of Web Page Content: ConsistencyPrinciples of Web Page Content: Consistency
Use standard terminology and key words
Use a consistent organization style for topics and headings
Follow a style guide and use it uniformly
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Principles of Web Page Content: AuthorityPrinciples of Web Page Content: Authority
Who is the author?
Is the author credible?
Who is the publisher of the page?
Is it a reputable publishing body?
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Principles of Web Page Content:Principles of Web Page Content:
CompatibilityCompatibility
Integrate verbal and visual elements with content
Provide textual context to graphics and images through callouts,
labels, etc.
Make content appropriate to page length
Use a matching tone to the chosen visual themes
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Overview Overview
Characteristics of Web Pages Print vs. Web Pages
Elements of Web Page Design
Principles of Web Page Content
Dos and Don’ts
Website Reader Friendliness Checklist
Exercise
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Do’sDo’s
Address the target audience directly
Customize pages to suit different users
Communicate with visual elements, such as white space, contrast, layout,
etc.
Provide alternate graphics and multimedia versions for low bandwidth users
Keep the design user-friendly
Provide consistent navigation tools
Provide ‘breadcrumb’ trails
Provide links to other relevant sites
Get consent before publishing outside material
Test the site early and often to check functions, active links, and relevance
Ask for user response or feedback
Update often and publicize the site
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Don’tsDon’ts
Don’t restrict or limit your audience
Don’t make users think – make everything obvious and self explanatory
Don’t abuse the reader’s patience; keep information straight forward
Don’t make your site hard to navigate
Don’t use large images/files that slow down browsing speeds
Don’t overuse multimedia and graphics
Don’t fill pages with too much information
Don’t use jarring colors and fonts
Don’t keep inactive links
Don’t publish outside content without consent
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Overview Overview
Characteristics of Web Pages Print vs. Web Pages
Elements of Web Page Design
Principles of Web Page Content
Dos and Don’ts
Website Reader Friendliness Checklist
Exercise
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Website Reader Friendliness Checklist Website Reader Friendliness Checklist
Does the site convey a clear sense of its intended audience?
Does it use language in a way familiar to its readers?
Is it conversational in tone?
Is load time appropriate to content, even on a slow connection?
Is there a response form for feedback?
Does the site have a consistent, clearly recognizable “look and feel”?
Does it make effective use of repeating visual themes to unify the site?
Are links obvious in their intent and destination?
Is there a convenient and easy way to maneuver among related pages and
different sections ?
Does the site make effective use of links to tie related items together?
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Website Reader Friendliness Checklist Website Reader Friendliness Checklist
(cont.)(cont.)
Is page length appropriate to site content?
Is the site moderate in use of color?
Does it avoid juxtaposing text and animations?
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Maintain itMaintain it
Dates need to be correct Services need to be up-to-date
Hours must be correct
People’s names, email addresses & phone numbers need to be correct
Prices need to be correct
Explore new technologies & encourage innovation
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This document is “living” …in the past.
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Characteristics of a good web siteCharacteristics of a good web site
Well-organized Easy to navigate
Attractive
Useful
Up-to-date
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Make your site wellMake your site well--organizedorganized
Decide how you want to organize your information based on your users andwhat you know about them
Ways to organize your site:
◦ by department or organizational chart
◦ by audience type
marketing
◦ by subject
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Organized by department.
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Organized by audience type.
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Organized by subject.
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Make your site easy to navigateMake your site easy to navigate
A well-organized generally drives the ease of navigation. Keep scrolling down to a minimum by keeping individual Web pages short.
Always have links back to your home or major sections.
Use color to identify for users where they are in your site.
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No scrolling necessary to start navigating.
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Standard tool bars and a brief menu for easy navigation.
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Make your site attractiveMake your site attractive
Choose simple colors that compliment each other & work on most webbrowsers.
Keep graphics less than 20,000 Bytes
(20 kilobytes) to make them download reasonably on a home modem.
Keep animated gifs to a minimum.
Use graphics that compliment your image.
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An example of a very unattractive site (best viewed online).
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Toyota provides a balanced, attractive Web site.
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Avoid backgrounds that wash out your text.
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Make your site usefulMake your site useful
If you are unique, you’re already useful! If you are not unique, how do you differ from similar Web sites?
◦ Is your content unique?
◦ Is your approach unique?
◦ Is your audience unique?
◦
Are you more up to date?◦ Are you better organized?
◦ Are you more comprehensive?
https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.localsearchgroup.com/digital-marketing/automotive-digital-marketing/automotive-social-media-marketing-2/&sa=U&ei=E49oU83xI8nF7AbLwoCwCg&ved=0CDwQ9QEwBw&usg=AFQjCNHVrcXa2gmkpkex10mgFFIYH9UYlQ
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Keep your site upKeep your site up--toto--datedate
In an organization, make this part of someone’s job. Pay them to do it. It’s
worth it.
If a person is currently the “documentation person” or the “flier person,”
consider that person to be your Webmaster.
https://www.google.com/url?q=http://www.localsearchgroup.com/digital-marketing/automotive-digital-marketing/automotive-social-media-marketing-2/&sa=U&ei=E49oU83xI8nF7AbLwoCwCg&ved=0CDwQ9QEwBw&usg=AFQjCNHVrcXa2gmkpkex10mgFFIYH9UYlQ
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Ways to present informationWays to present information
Hierarchical organization Image maps
Tables
Frames
Hierarchical organizationHierarchical organization
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Hierarchical organizationHierarchical organization
Menus in progressive order of most general to more specific
Pros◦ always gives impression of organization
Cons
◦ Not really necessary unless you have a collection of something
◦ Makes user travel through a number of levels to get to their information
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Hierarchical organization.
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Image MapsImage Maps
Links are in an image or picture
Pros
◦ Allows for greater artistic creativity
◦ Don’t need to use browser -dictated fonts
Cons
◦ Takes longer to download
◦ Can be tricky to set up
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Image maps can provide easy means of navigation.
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TablesTables
Standard text, images or links are arranged in tabular format with or without
borders
Pros
◦ Allows creator to place items on a page
◦ Looks neat
Cons
◦ Can be tricky, but tables are amazingly useful to the designer.
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Tables provide Web designers with control over layout.
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Tables also provide simple organization of information.
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FramesFrames
Divides the browser's window into two or more scrollable areas
Pros
◦ Can provide an area that makes updating or changes very simple
◦ Can help with navigation
Cons
◦ Used improperly can make a huge mess!
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Frames can be used to provide a static navigation window.
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Static navigation windows can be along the bottom.
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Tips for framesTips for frames
Use in a site that rarely, if ever, goes out to other links on the World Wide
Web.
Use a frame to hold a static banner at the top or bottom.
Use a frame to hold a navigation bar at the top, side or bottom of your Web
site.
8 Key Elements to Get to the Top of8 Key Elements to Get to the Top ofG lG l
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GoogleGoogle
If you address each of the following eight elements when new content is added to
your site, your search positioning will consistently improve along with the quality of
visitors coming to your site. You don’t just want traffic, you want relevant traffic
that is looking to buy.
If you use these eight steps as a template when creating each page on your
website, you should rapidly move up through the ranks of search results and
quality of traffic will soar. This will lead to higher conversion rates and increases in
your online revenue.
Page Title
URL
Meta Data - Keywords & Description
Headings & Sub Headings
Text Based Navigation
Alt Text For Images
Body Copy
Build Links
8 Key Elements8 Key Elements -- Page TitlePage Title
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements -- Page TitlePage Title
Your page title is one of the first things the search engine spiders view.
The title tells the search engines what your page is about.
You should not simply repeat the keywords over and over in this title.
You should limit this title to eight to ten words and it should make sense to the
visitor.
Don’t just write anything for the spiders - this will lead to a bad user experience
and a non-return visitor.
8 Key Elements8 Key Elements –– URLURL
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements URLURL
The URL that displays in the address bar of your browser should contain thekeyword focus of the page.
The best way to include keywords is to separate them with hyphens (-).
If this doesn't happen, search engine spiders will view all the words as one big
word.
As an example, page URL is http://www.mindscape-hm.com/8-key-elements-to-
get-to-the-top-of-google. So we're telling Google this page is about eight keyelements to get to the top of Google.
8 Key Elements8 Key Elements Meta DataMeta Data --
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements – – Meta DataMeta Data --
Keywords & DescriptionKeywords & Description
The meta keywords and meta description are not given as much importance by
the search engines as they used to, but you should still take the time to include
your keywords for each individual page.
Make sure the description makes sense and contains at least one use of the
keyword phrase you are focusing on.
Also include your keyword phrase in the meta keywords but don’t repeat overand over.
Limit your meta keywords to 8-10 keywords, no more than 847 characters total.
Description should be limited to no more than 150 characters.
8 Key Elements8 Key Elements – – Headings & SubHeadings & Sub
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HeadingsHeadings
Headings and sub headings are very similar to chapters of a book.
They describe what the reader should expect in the coming pages.
With your website you should use H1 tags with your keyword of focus on the
page.
If there are multiple related keywords of focus for that page, you can use
additional H2, H3, and H4 tags as sub headings.
Remember, your visitors will be reading these headings so they need to make
sense while still including your keywords.
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements – – Text Based NavigationText Based Navigation
Avoid calling a link or photo articles.
Why? What kind of articles are they going to be? How about Web marketing
articles?
Do you have any question as to what the page is going to be about?
You know it's going to be about Web marketing articles, and even better, so will
the search engines!
http://www.mindscape-hm.com/web-marketing-articleshttp://www.mindscape-hm.com/web-marketing-articleshttp://www.mindscape-hm.com/web-marketing-articleshttp://www.mindscape-hm.com/web-marketing-articles
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements – – Alt Text For ImagesAlt Text For Images
Search engines cannot read images, but they can read the alternative text in
your images.
If you add this, the spiders will know what your image is about.
If you include the keywords you are focusing on as alternative text for your
images, you’ll let the spiders know what relevance the image has.
It will be one more instance of proper keyword usage and be that much easier
for search engines to find your content.
Many companies skip this, so pay attention and you’ll be further ahead of your
competition.
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements – – Body CopyBody Copy
When writing the copy for your page it's important to include keywords in the
body.
Each page of your website should contain between 250 and 600 words.
You should include your keyword phrase at least four to five times.
Your objective should be to create an excellent user experience and provide
value to your visitor, so you don't have to insert it that often unless it truly
makes sense.
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8 Key Elements8 Key Elements – – Build LinksBuild Links
The phrase from the movie Field of Dreams, “Build it and they will come,”
unfortunately doesn’t apply to the Web.
Once your site is built and you have all the elements above, generate
awareness and gain inbound links.
Search engines look at these inbound links as “votes of confidence” for your
site.
If those links are coming from sites which have high page rank, they will be
viewed as highly credible “votes” by the search engine algorithms and you
should see an increase in your position.
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