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International Journal of

Jan – June 2016

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Focus and Scope of the Journal! Biopolymer

! Conjugated microporous polymer

! Biopolymer

! Conjugated microporous polymer

! Polyanhydrides

! Polymer adsorption

! Polymer separators

! Polymerization

! Polymersome

! Plastics engineering

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INTERNAL MEMBERS

Associate Manager

ChairmanMr. Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director,JournalsPub,

New Delhi

Hidam Renubala

Ankita Singh

Akanksha Marwah

Deepika Bhadauria

Commissioning Editors

Priyanka Garg

Chhavi Goel

Shrawani Verma

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Alexander RussellMechanical Process Engineering,

University of Magdeburg, Germany.

Dr. Animes K GolderDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

Indian Institute of Technology, Assam, India.

Dr. Asif MahmoodDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Prof. Ateeq Rahman Department of Chemistry, Bindura University

of Science Education, Bindura, Zimbabwe.

Dr. Bharat ModheraDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal,

India.

Prof. C. M. NarayananDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India.

Dr. Chandi Charan MalakarDepartment of Chemistry, National Institute of

Technology, Imphal, India.

Prof. Chang-Yu Sun,China University of Petroleum, Beijing,

China.

Dr. Dharam Pal,Department of Chemical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology, Raipur, India.

Dr. Didik Prasetyoko,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of

Mathematics and Sciences, ITS, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Dr. M. Jhansi L. KishoreDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India.

Dr. Mohamed Abashar,Department of Chemical Engineering,

College of Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia.

Dr. Nagamalleswara Rao KanidarapuBapatla Engineering College (Autonomous),

Bapatla, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Dr. Nanda Gopal SahooDepartment of Chemistry, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Centre D. S. B. Campus,Kumaun University, Uttarakhand, India.

Dr. P. A. PawarDepartment of Chemical Technology,

Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, Amravati, India.

Prof. Radha DasDepartment of Chemical Engineering,West Bengal University of Technology,

India.

Dr. Rajendrasinh JadejaDepartment of Chemistry,

The M.S. University of Baroda, Vadodara, India.

Saeed SoltanaliResearch Institute of Petroleum Industry

(RIPI), Iran.

Saeed SoltanaliResearch Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI),

Iran.

Mr. Sanjay L Bhagat,Pravara Rural Engineering College,

Maharashtra, India.

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS

Dr. Shi-Peng Sun,National University of Singapore,

Singapore.

Dr. Shivkumar RanganathanR & D (Battery), Su-Kam Power Systems

Limited, Apparel Park Cum Industrial Area, Himachal Pradesh, India.

Dr. Soumitra Kumar Choudhuri,Department of In Vitro Carcinogenesis,Chittaranjan National Cancer Institute,

Calcutta, India.

Dr. Srinivasan Anandan,Center for Nano-materials, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder

Metallurgy & New Materials (ARCI), Bolapur, Hyderabad, India.

Dr. Stoyan Novakov NedeltchevHelmholtz Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Institute of Fluid Dynamics, Germany.

Dr. Suryya K RanaDungarpur College of Engineering &

Technology, India.

Dr. Suyogkumar V. TaralkarChemical Engineering Department,

MIT Academy of Engineering, Pune, India.

Dr. T. K. RadhakrishnanDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India.

Dr. V. Venkata Basava RaoFaculty of Technology, Principal Investigator for

Centre of Excellence TEQIP Coordinator, University College of Technology (A),Osmania University Hyderabad, India.

Dr. Vangalapati Meena,Department of Chemical Engineering,

A. U. C. E (A), Andhra University, Andhra Pradesh,

India.

Prof. Velluru SrideviDepartment of Chemical Engineering,A. U. College of Engineering, Andhra

University, India.

Dr. Vijaya Kumar BulasaraDepartment of Chemical Engineering,

Thapar University, Patiala, India.

Dr. Vipan Kumar SohpalDepartment of Chemical Engineering &

Biotechnology, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Punjab, India.

Dr Wenming Yang,National University of Singapore,

Singapore.

Dr. Zhi ShangLouisiana State University, United States.

From the Editor's Desk

Dear Readers,

We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly

journal, International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering. This journal is part of

the Applied Sciences, and is devoted to the scope of present Polymer Engineering issues,

from theoretical aspects to application-dependent studies and the validation of emerging technologies.

This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Polymer Science &

Engineering as an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of

scientific and technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Polymer Engineering

community, addressing researchers and practitioners in this area.

The core vision of International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering in JournalsPub is to propagate

novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and professional

research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Polymer Science & Engineering in

general. JournalsPub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to publish their papers at excellently,

well-time & successfully.

International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering focuses on original high-quality research in the

realm of Alternative energy conversion & transport mechanisms, Thermodynamics, Chemical reaction

engineering, Polymer Science and Engineering, Modern instrumental analysis, Colloidal and interfacial

science, Molecular dynamics & Chemical kinetics, and many more.

Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Polymer Science &

Engineering. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of creating an

innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting new

developments in the field of Polymer Engineering.

This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we

would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We also like to express our gratitude to the editorial

staff of JournalsPub, who supported us at every stage of the project.

It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource for Polymer Engineering readers

and will stimulate further research into the vibrant area of Polymer Science & Engineering.

Puneet Mehrotra

Managing Director

1. Isolation and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharides Being Used as a Biopolymer in Modern Drug Delivery System Akshay W. Tathe, Mangesh U. Kande, Shyam G. Tonde, Aarti H. Mulay 1

2. Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Reinforced Polymer Composites with Hybrid Additives K. Kalaiarasan, K. Venkatesh, R. Mukesh, K. Patterson, R. Badrinath 7

3. Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide)-Metal Complexes in Heterogeneous MediumSandeep Rai 13

4. Innovative Value Chain Development of Modified Starch for a Sustainable Environment: A ReviewA. Ashok, C.R. Rejeesh 20

5. Similar Analysis of Blend of Virgin PVC and NBR with Recycled PVC and NBRVarun Khanna, Sunain Katoch 33

Contents

IJPST (2016) 1–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1

International Journal of Polymer Science and Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Isolation and Characterization of Tamarind Seed Polysaccharides

Being Used as a Biopolymer in Modern Drug Delivery System

Akshay W. Tathe, Mangesh U. Kande, Shyam G. Tonde, Aarti H. Mulay*

Department of Plastics and Polymer Engineering, Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad,

Maharashtra, India

Abstract

Tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP) obtained from the seed of Tamarindus indica tree. It

possesses different properties like high viscosity, broad pH tolerance, biocompatibility,

mucoadhesive nature. It is used as thickener, stabilizer, gelling agent in food and

pharmaceutical industries and Gums are widely used natural materials for conventional and

novel dosage forms. The objective of present investigation was to search for a cheap and

effective natural polymer that can be used for drug delivery system. For drug delivery system

it is attractive because they are easily available, non-toxic, economical, undergoes chemical

modifications and biodegradable. Due to this reason modern pharmaceutical world has taken

interest in polymers of natural origin which can be used for their formulation and food

industries for packaging. The given review focuses on methods of extraction, characterization

and applications of tamarind seed polysaccharide and evaluate its property in the

pharmaceutical field and food industries.

Keywords: biopolymers, drug delivery, tamarind seed polysaccharide (TSP), stabilizer

INTRODUCTION

In recent year, polymer derived from

plants got more importance specially in

pharmaceutical, food and packaging

industries due to their unique properties all

polymers and gums which is prepared

from plant origin are dispersed or from gel

layer on the surface of system, when it is

contacted with water due to this reason it

can be easily used in modern drug delivery

system.

Advantages of plant based polymers:

(i) Low cost

(ii) Renewable source

(iii) Eco-friendly

(iv) Easy to process

(v) Biodegradable

(vi) Capable of chemical modification

(vii) Natural origin and easily available

There will be many types of

polysaccharides are available in the nature

such as Khaya gum, Karaya

Polysaccharide can be used as thickeners,

tablet binding agent in pharmaceuticals

industries, Emulsifier and gelling agent in

food industries and film forming agent in

packaging industry. Tamarind seed

polysaccharide (TSP) is a natural polymer

which is derived from tamarind seed.[1]

The main component which is present in

Tamarind seed polysaccharide is cellulose

like backbone chain with monomers of

three sugars-glucose, galactose and xylose

in a molar ratio of 3:2:1.

MATERIALS AND METHODS The tamarind seed indica was collected as

a waste material from village and dried

IJPST (2016) 7–12 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7

International Journal of Polymer Science and Technology

Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Mechanical Behaviour of Natural Reinforced Polymer

Composites with Hybrid Additives

K. Kalaiarasan*, K. Venkatesh, R. Mukesh, K. Patterson, R. Badrinath

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Christ College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry, India

Abstract The implementation of natural fibres is the fast approaching ‘green’ economy based

materials that are used in polymer matrix composites that are intended to replace the

conventional synthetic polymer composites. Being plenteous fundamentally, natural fibres

have been existed the primary form of natural resources for centuries. Considering that

mechanical properties of composites are strongly influenced by the quality of the fibre/matrix

interface and with eco-friendly properties like excellent energy absorption, low cost,

biodegradability, non-toxicity and light weight, natural fibres have steered the attention of

scientists and researchers towards them to find their application by replacing the synthetic

fibres and plastic composites. Utilizing the combination of hemp and sisal fibres by using

hand layup methods, the matrix composite are prepared. Following with the proper pre-

treatment processes have proved to featuring good mechanical properties of significant

parameters which can be ultimately equipped in desired applications according to our needs.

Keywords: biodegradable, epoxy resin, hemp, hybrid additives, natural fibres

INTRODUCTION The usage of natural fibre reinforced

composites in automobiles due to the low

weight to strength ratio has turned the

attention of researchers towards itself.

Particularly finding its application in

automobile interiors natural fibre

composites have a long history of being

used as an alternative to fibreglass,

injection moulded plastics and other less

sustainable technologies. As epoxy resin is

one of the excellent thermosetting polymer

resins, it is used as a structural matrix

material which is then reinforced by

natural fibre materials. Also, epoxy base

matrix composite has enormous potential

to substitute the traditional metallic

materials. Particularly, the FRC (Fibre

Reinforced Composites) are used in load

bearing, light-weight structures due to

their superior mechanical properties

compared to metals. Also, it is observed

from literature that there is a significant

improvement on mechanical properties

with epoxy matrix modification. Pervaiz

and Sain[1]

have investigated the energy

consumption of glass and natural fibres.[2]

Fibre reinforced (FRP) composites

possesses interesting properties like high

specific strength and stiffness, good

fatigue performance and damage tolerance,

low thermal expansion, nonmagnetic

properties. Karmaker et al.[3]

have shown

that the biodegradability of natural fibres

can contribute to a healthy ecosystem

while their low costs and high

performances are very interesting for

industry. Sisal/jute fibre composites are

environment friendly and user-friendly

materials[4]

and have very good elastic

properties.[5]

Li et al.[6]

studied that sisal

fibre is the promising reinforcement

IJPSE (2016) 13–19 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 13

International Journal of Polymer Science and Engineering Vol. 2: Issue 1

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Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(etherdiphenylene

terephthalamide)-Metal Complexes in Heterogeneous Medium

Sandeep Rai Shroff S R Rotary Institute of Chemical Technology, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

GRP Limited, GIDC Estate, Panoli, Bharuch, Gujarat, India

Abstract

Condensation of terephthalic acid and 4,4ʹ-diaminodiphenyl ether resulted in amino-

terminated oligomeric poly(etherdiphenylene terephthalamide) (PODTA) using

phosphorylation technique. Schiff base complexes of this polyamide were synthesized with

salicylaldehyde and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde complexes of Co(II),Ni(II) and Cu(II). All

the synthesized polyamide as well as Schiff’s base complexes were characterized by

elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Thermal

stabilities of ligand and its various complexes were compared by thermogravimetric analysis.

While, Co(II) and Ni(II) of the polymer metal complexes shown slightly inferior thermal

stability than the PODTA, Cu(II) complexes exhibited superior thermal stability.

INTRODUCTION

Polyamide–metal complexes are formed

by the introduction of metal ions into

polymer chain through pendant or terminal

functional group. The potential

applications of coordination polymers are

as high temperature lubricants, surface

coatings, adhesives and constructional

material as required in high speed aircraft

and space vehicle.

Aromatic polyamides (aramids or

polyaramids) are considered to be high-

performance organic materials due to their

outstanding thermal and mechanical

resistance. Schiff bases have been reported

in for their biological properties, such as,

antibacterial, antifungal activities.[1–5]

Their metal complexes have been widely

studied because they have anticancer and

herbicidal applications.[6–8]

They serve as

models for biologically important species.

Although many studies on polyamide–

metal complexes have been reported, very

little work seems to have been carried out

on the introduction of metal ions into

aromatic polyamide ligands through Schiff

base structure. Here we report the

synthesis and characterization of aramid-

Schiff base coordination polymers using

amino group terminated PODTA oligomer

as ligand.

The aim of present work is to improve

upon the thermal stability of the ligand by

the coordination and develop a technique

for surface modification of amino group

containing polyamides in heterogeneous

medium. In heterogeneous medium, the

amino groups present on the surface of the

aramid particles only will form the Schiff

base complexes.

Therefore, free amino groups present on

the surface of aramid film, sheet or fibre

may be complexed to enhance the thermal

stability of the material and to incorporate

additional properties due to metal

complexation.



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Innovative Value Chain Development of Modified Starch for a

Sustainable Environment: A Review

A. Ashok*, C.R. Rejeesh

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal Institute of Science and Technology, Kerala, India

Abstract

Granular structure of starch is widely utilized in a variety of applications due to its universal

abundance, relatively low cost, and ability to impart a broad range of functional properties

to their products. However, most starches in their native form have limitations that make

them less than ideal for the diversity of desired applications. For this reason, most of the

starch utilized as a food or industrial ingredient is first modified, without changing the

granular structure, to alter and improve the physical properties of starch polymers in

accordance with the intended end use. Starch based materials present a great potential to

play a major role towards achieving sustainable development. Starch is a natural glucose-

based polymer that is generally considered as a potential candidate for developing

biodegradable products. Starch is a versatile and useful polymer not just because it has low

cost or obtained from natural resources, but also because of its physicochemical properties

that can be altered through chemical or enzymatic modification. Starch modification

accentuates their positive characteristics, diminish their undesirable qualities, or add new

attributes. Different approaches have been used to overcome these limitations and increase

the number of sectors in which starch-based materials can be used. This paper summarises

the different pathways required to modify starch and its applications.

Keywords: blending, modification of starch, starch, sustainability, value addition of starch

INTRODUCTION

Starch is the principal carbohydrates

energy reserve in plants and is one of the

most abundant resources in the biosphere.

Storage starch, which is abundant in the

storage organs of starch crops such as

corn, potato, wheat, cassava, etc., is also a

principle source for human consumption.

Starch derived bio plastics being a

renewable and biodegradable polymer

with well-defined chemical properties

offers vast potential as a versatile source

for various applications. A vast range of

native starches are available locally and its

usage ranges from food industry to

medical field.[1]

Several value addition

methods and new strategies are required to

meet the steady increasing demand for

environment friendly ways of starch

production, at lower costs.

By directing several metabolic reactions in

close connection to starch bio synthesis or

altering the flow of carbohydrate in the

plant, the yield and structure of starch can

be engineered. The main structural

elements that can be readily analysed are

the amylose concentration, the

amylopectin and amylose chain length

distribution, the amylopectin and amylose

molecular mass, phosphate substitution

and starch granule size distribution. All

these molecular alterations have profound

effects on the physical properties of the



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Similar Analysis of Blend of Virgin PVC and NBR with Recycled

PVC and NBR

Varun Khanna, Sunain Katoch* Department of Applied Sciences, Sri Sai University, Palampur, India

Abstract Studies about led on mixing of polymers like acrylonitrile butadiene elastic (NBR) and

polyvinylchloride (PVC) to deliver new polymeric materials with particular properties which

can be utilized for some exceptional applications. This mix has been formulated for items

working in contact with castor oils. Mixes at various temperature show that an ideal

temperature exists for its arrangement. Incorporating PVC in various compositions has

enhanced their physico-mechanical and chemical properties of this blend.

Keywords: NBR, PVC

INTRODUCTION Mixing of polymers for enhancing their

properties has increased impressive

significance in the field of polymer

science. Effective mixes are framed by

miscibility of mixing elastomers and

plastics to get new materials of enhanced

properties.

One of the basic mixes is

polyvinylchloride (PVC) and acrylonitrile

butadiene elastic (NBR). NBR goes about

as permanent plasticizer for PVC in

different applications like in nourishment

containers, cable insulation, automotive

industry and so on.[1–14]

The synthetic synthesis of elastic while

electronegativity and crystallinity assume

an imperative part underway of oil safe

items.[3–15]

Because of absence of

reasonable stabilizers for PVC, which do

not influence NBR, the present work

utilizes zinc oxide and stearic corrosive as

stabilizer. This work means to contrast

NBR mixes and virgin and reused PVC for

its application in vehicles industry.

EXPERIMENTAL WORK

Materials The materials used in the study along with

their basic function are listed in the

tabulated form in Table 1.

Table 1. Role of Ingredients.

No. Ingredients Function

1 Nitrile butadiene rubber and

polyvinyl chloride Base polymer

2. Zinc oxide Stabilizer for

PVC

3. Stearic acid Flow promoter

4. Para phenylene diamine Antioxidant

5. Castor oil Internal

lubricant

6. Carbon black Filler

7. Paraffin wax External

lubricant

8. Di-octyl phthalate Plasticizer

Experimental Techniques The various experimental techniques used

are:

Blending and mixing (Table 2)

plymer

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IJPSE

International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering vol 2 issue 1

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Transcript of International Journal of Polymer Science & Engineering vol 2 issue 1