Lecture 21 International Policies for Economic Development: Aid Econ 340.
International Economic Lecture 2
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Transcript of International Economic Lecture 2
Lecture 2Growth TheoriesJuly 5th 2010Saksarun (Jay) Mativachranon
Intro
•Please turn your mobile phones off or switch it to silent mode and please do not pick up your calls
•Email: [email protected]
Recap
Economic Growth
•Measured by Real GDP▫Real GDP indicates the rate of economic
growth but NOT the changes in standard of living
•Standard of living is measured by Real GDP per person (per capital real GDP)
Sources of Economic Growth
•Simple concept▫The amount of goods that can be produced
with each unit of input▫Inputs is generally referred to as “Factors
of production” Land Capital Goods Labor Entrepreneurial ability
Example of growth factors• Land – all natural resources
▫Easy to obtain resources equal more production (efficient)
• Capital goods – goods that are used in productions▫China’s supporting industries result in growth the
past decade• Labor
▫Longer working hours or higher productivity equals higher output
• Entrepreneurial ability▫Companies able to put Land / Capital goods / Labor
to good use resulting in higher output
Incentive System for economic growth•3 Social institutions that are critical for
incentives development▫Markets▫Property rights▫Monetary exchange
Key Learning Points
•You should be able to;▫Effect from changes in sources of economic
growth▫Compare and Contrast
Classical Growth Theory Neoclassical Growth Theory New Growth Theory
Economic growth
Labor Productivity
•What is Labor Productivity?▫Real GDP per labor hour
•2 factors drive Labor Productivity▫Physical capital per labor hour▫Technological change
Productivity Curve
Capital per Labor Hour
Real GDP per labor hour
Less Technology
More Technology
C1
C2
LP1
LP2
LP3
ProductivitySlowdown Speedup
• Technology is applied to deal with issues not related to productivity
• Encourage saving leads to capital accumulation
• Encourage Basic R&D▫ Basic research results in
low ROI, this policy is usually from government induced
• International trade• Education
Economic Growth
•In order for economic to continue growing, societies must encourage▫Savings and investment in new capital▫Investment in human capital▫Discovery of new technologies
Growth theories
The 3 popular theories
1. Classical Growth Theory2. Neoclassical Growth Theory3. New Growth Theory
Classical Growth Theory
Basic Idea▫The growth of real GDP per person is
temporary Real GDP growth leads to population growth
(explosion)▫Real GDP grows above subsistence level
due to population explosion▫Population growth leads to decline in real
GDP Back to subsistence level
Classical Growth Theory
Neoclassical Growth Theory
Basic Idea▫Changes in technology lead to increased
saving and investment increased capital per labor hour
▫Technological growth is not influenced by economic growth Technological advances occurs by trial and error
▫Growth will decline if Technology stops advancing Real interest rates decrease due to capital
accumulation
Neoclassical Growth Theory
New Growth Theory
•Basic idea▫Discoveries of products and technologies
are the result of luck▫Discoveries lead to profit▫Competitions eliminate profit
New Growth Theory
New Growth TheoryPerpetual Motion Economy
Competition
Lower Profit
Innovation
Higher Profits
Thailand economic growthExample
Thailand’s Economic Structure
•Still an “emerging economy”•Heavily dependent on exporting
▫Over 2/3 of GDP came from exporting•Well-developed infrastructure•Free-enterprise economy•Generally pro-investment policies
Questions
•How are we doing right now?▫1st quarter +12%▫2nd quarter -1.5%
•What’s in store for us in 3rd and 4th quarter?▫Expert still predicts +3.5% to +4%
Real GDP Growth
Real GDP Growth:2009: -2.8%2008: +2.6%2007: +4.6%
Next Week
•Regulation and Antitrust Policy in Globalized Economy
•Trade Theories