INTERACTION: THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE...

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INTERACTION: THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE SYSTEMS

Transcript of INTERACTION: THE NERVOUS AND ENDOCRINE...

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Interac(on:thenervousandendocrinesystems

INTERACTION:THENERVOUSANDENDOCRINESYSTEMS

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•  Theinterac+onprocess•  Theneuron•  Electricsignals•  Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)(I)•  Thecentralnervoussystem(CNS)(II)•  Theperipheralnervoussystem•  Theautonomicnervoussystem•  Theendocrinesystem•  Thenervousandendocrinesystems•  Healthyhabits.Diseasesofthenervous

andendocrinesystems

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THEINTERACTIONPROCESS

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Interac(onincludesaseriesofprocesseswhoseobjec+vesare:

•  Toadaptthebodytochangingcondi+ons,intheinternalaswellasexternalenvironment.•  Toconnectandcoordinatethedifferentpartsofourbodysothattheywork

together.

Theseobjec+vesarecarriedoutbytwosystems:thenervousandendocrinesystems.

STIMULUS

EFFECTOR

RECEPTOR

NERVOUSSYSTEM

LOCOMOTORSYSTEM

RESPONSE

ENDOCRINESYSTEM

MUSCLE GLAND

nerveimpulse

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THENEURON

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Neuronsarethemostspecialisedcellsinthebody.Theircapacityforreproduc+onisverylimited.Theyaremadeupofacellbody,whichissimilartoallothercells,andhastwokindsoflongextensions:dendritesandaxonsorneurites.

Cellbody:thiscontainsthenucleusandotherorganelles,andisfilledwithcytoplasm.

Axon:thisisalongextensionthatismadeupofcytoplasmandcarriesnerveimpulsesfromthecellbodytoanotherneuronorcell.

Dendrites:theseareshort,branchedextensionsofthecellbodythatreceivenerveimpulsesfromotherneurons.

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ELECTRICSIGNALS

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Neuronshaveauniqueability:theygenerateandtransmitnerveimpulses.Whenaneuroniss+mulated,someelectricalchangesoriginateinthemembraneandthesetransmittheelectricsignalfromthedendritestowardstheaxon.

Neuronsarenotisolated.Theyworkwithoneanothertoestablishconnec+onscalledsynapses.

cellbodyoffirstneuron

dendrites axon

mitochondria

nerveimpulse

vesicles synap+ccleL

synapse

impulseonthedendrite

dendrite

axon

cellbodyofadjacentneuron

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THECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM(CNS)(I)

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Itismadeupofnervecentres,whichareresponsibleforintegra+nginforma+onreceived,coordina+ngitandpreparingaresponse.

Thespine,acordofnerve+ssuethatrunsthroughthespinalcanal.

Thebrain,thepartofthenervoussystemthatisinsidetheskull.Itisdividedintofoursec+ons:thespinalbulb,thebrainsstem,thecerebellumandthecerebrum.

skull

spine

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THECENTRALNERVOUSSYSTEM(CNS)(II)

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ventralroot

dorsalroot

spinalnerve

communica+ngbranch

sympathe+ctrunkganglia

meninges

vertebra

spinalcord

dorsalroot

ventralroot

greymaMer

whitemaMer

dorsalhorn(sensorynerves)

sympathe+ctrunks

dorsalroot

ventralroot

dorsalhorn(motorneurons)

brainstemleLcerebralhemisphere

hypothalamus

spinalbulb spinalcord

cerebellum

cerebrum

skull

pituitarygland

ependyma

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THEPERIPHERALNERVOUSSYSTEM

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Theperipheralnervoussystemconnectsallofthereceptorsandeffectorsinthebodytothenervecentre.Theperipheralnervoussystemisdividedinto:

•  Thesoma(cnervoussystem,whichconnectsthesensoryreceptorsofthesensoryorganstothecentralnervoussystemandthistotheskeletalmuscle.Itreceivesinforma+onfromexternals+muli.Italsotransmitssignalsforvoluntarymusclecontrac+ons.

•  Theautonomicnervoussystemrregulatesandcontrolsinvoluntarybodyfunc+ons.isdividedintotwoparts:thesympathe(cnervoussystemandtheparasympathe(cnervoussystem.

hypoglossal(tonguemovement)

vagus(diges+on,respira+onandcircula+on)

auditory(hearingandbalance)

trigeminal(facialsensa+onsandjawmovement)

abducens(eyemovement)

op(c(vision)

spinalaccessory(neckanddorsalmuscles)

glossopharyngeal(tasteandsensa+onsinthethroat)

facial(tasteandfacialexpression)

trochlear(eyemovement)

oculomotor(eyemovement)

olfactory(smell)

ventralrootspinalnerve

dorsalroot

dorsalrootganglion

sensoryneuron

motorneuron

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THEAUTONOMICNERVOUSSYSTEM

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Theparasympathe+cnervoussystemprovokesrelaxa+onandtheorgansworkmoreslowlyandlessintensely.Thesympathe+cnervoussystemcontrolsmostofthebody’sorganssothattheyworkmoreeffec+velyunderstress.

controlspupils

s+mulatessaliva+on

slowstheheartrate

contractsthebronchi

s+mulatesthegallbladder

s+mulatesstomachac+vity

inhibitsurinerelease

speedsupdiges+onprocess

contractsbladdermuscles

s+mulateserec+ons

dilatespupils

inhibitssaliva+on

acceleratestheheartrate

s+mulatesproduc+onofglucose

dilatesthebronchi

inhibitsstomachac+vity

s+mulatesurinerelease

slowsdowndiges+onprocess

relaxesbladdermuscles

s+mulatesejacula+on

cervicalspinalnerves

thoracicspinal

lowerlumbarspinalnerves

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THEENDOCRINESYSTEM

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Theendocrinesystemismadeupofacoordinatedgroupofglandscalledtheendocrineglands.Theyarecalledendocrine(endomeansinternal)becausetheyreleasehormonesdirectlyintothebloodstream.

PituitaryglandPosteriorlobeAn+diure+c(ADH)OxytocinAnteriorlobeS+mula+nghormonesGrowthhormone

ThyroidglandThyrosine

ParathyroidglandsParathyroidhormone

AdrenalglandsAdrenalineCor+costeroidsAldosteronePancreas

InsulinGlucagonTes(clesAndrogens

OvariesEstrogensProgesterone

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NERVOUSANDENDOCRINESYSTEMS

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Nervoussystem Endocrinesystem

Conductor(s) nerves Circulatorysystem

Response fastveryspecificshortin+me

slownotveryspecificprolongued

Coordina+onac+onsthatrequireanimmediateresponse

ac+onsthatdevelopduringaperiodof+me

How nerveimpulses hormones

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HEALTHYHABITS.DISEASESOFTHENERVOUSANDENDOCRINESYSTEMS

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Tokeepthenervoussystemhealthy,weshouldfollowtheserecommenda+ons:

•  Leadanorderlylife.•  Donotconsumeanytypeofdrugs.•  Performintellectualandmentalexercisesregularly.•  TrytoeatfoodsrichinvitaminB1,B3andphosphorous.•  Avoidstress.

Othersl(vemdiseasesDegenera+vas Mentales Otras

AlzheimerParkinson’sdiseaseMul+plesclerosisALS

SchizophreniaNeurosisDepression

Infec+ousdiseasesEpilepsyNarcolepsy

EndocrinesystemdiseasesDiabetesHypothyroidismHyperthyroidismDwarfismGian+smAddison'sdiseaseCushing'ssyndrome


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