INTER-RELATIONSHIP OF CROP AND ANIMAL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

SAVEPA KHESOH M.Sc Environmental Science

Dr. Y S P UNIVERSITY OF HORTICULTURE AND FORESTRY

INTRODUCTION India’s most important crops include cotton, tea, rice,

wheat, and sugarcane. Other important cash crops include jute, groundnuts, coffee, oil seeds, and spices. Another central feature of India’s agricultural economy is the raising of livestock, particularly horned cattle, buffalo, and goats.

In India,70-80% of the total livestock produce is contributed by landless, marginal farmers and small land holders, who are under privileged(kurup,2004).

Livestock are important assets for rural people and play a critical role in building their livelihood.

Livestock rearing can provide a pathway out of poverty through improvements to household children, cash income, asset building and employment to women folk.

More than 73% rural folk keep animals, which hold security and income from livestock accounts for 30-40% of total farm income.

INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM(IFS) It integrates natural resources into farming activities to

achieve maximum replacement of off-farm inputs.COMPONENTS :

Livestock production Poultry Duckery Horticulture Aquaculture Apiculture Sericulture Mushroom cultivation Agro-forestry Biogas plants

TYPES OF INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEMS Crop-live stock farming system

Crop-live stock –fishery farming system

Crop-live stock – poultry - fishery farming system

Crop-fishery-poultry farming system

Crop-live stock-forestry farming system

Agri-silvi-horticulture system

Agri-silvi-pastoral system

Home garden agro-forestry system

CROP LIVE-STOCK SYSTEM:

“ It is the farming system which combines crop production with livestock rearing”.

PROSPECTS OF INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM Maintains sustainable production system without

damaging resource base. Provides full family employment through out the

year. Enables recycling of wastes within the farming

system. Provides balanced food diet. Standard of living will be improved. Efficient utilization of all land available within the

farm.

LIVE STOCK

COMPONENTS OF LIVESTOCKDAIRY FARMING

POULTRY FARMING

SHEEP AND GOAT

PIGGERY

FISHERY

INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM KEY ASPECTS

Nutrient cycling

Forages crops

Crop residues

Livestock production

Integrated Crop-

Livestock Farming System

INTERACTION OF CROP AND LIVESTOCK UNDER DIFFERENT SYSTEMS

Crop- livestock- forestry farming system

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CROP- FISH- POULTRY FARMING SYSTEM

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CROP –LIVESTOCK- POULTRY- FISHERY FARMING SYSTEM

Farming System For Different Agro Climatic Zone In India

• Pastures with forestry, goats, rabbits, and settled agricultural crops like millets, wheat, barley, and fodders.

High altitude cold deserts

• Animal husbandry with the camels, sheep and goats, and growing with fodder and field crops.

Arid and desert region

• Horticultural crops as a major component and agriculture mainly on the hill terraces and slopes with maize, rice, wheat, pulses and fodder crops.

Western and central Himalayas

•Primitive crop husbandry with rice, millets, pulses etc. Agro forestry system are also common. Piggery and poultry are the chief livestock activity.

Eastern Himalayas

•Intensive crop husbandry like rice-wheat-maize/mustard/pulses and livestock, dairy, cattle and buffaloes.

Indo-Gangetic Plains

•Cotton-sorghum-millets/pulses with dairy cattle, sheep and goats and poultry are the secondary livestock and animal husbandry enterprises.

Central And Southern

Highlands

• Major activity on plantation crops, cultivating rice and pulses are the secondary agricultural activity. Cattle, sheep and goats are the livestock components which in most parts, are maintained as large herds.

Western Ghats

• Rice cultivation with other enterprises like fishery, poultry and piggery, etc., capture fisheries of marine ecosystem is a specialized enterprise.

Delta And Coastal Plains

AIMS OF LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES

Conserve the natural resource base.

Raise productivity.

Expand production.

Optimizes the allocation of development resources.

ROLE OF LIVESTOCK IN FARMING SYSTEM

Livestock is a source of food.

Livestock is a renewable natural resource.

Source of draught power and dung manure.

Acts as a cushion against income shocks.

AN OUTLINE OF DIFFERENT RESOURCE FLOWS IN MIXED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS

STATUS OF LIVE-STOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM IN INDIA: Animal husbandry contributes about 30 per cent of

country’s agricultural out put.

57 per cent of the world’s buffalo production.

15 per cent cattle production.

Livestock sector contributes 8 per cent to India’s

GDP.

Contribution of livestock to the national economy is

Rs.45,000 crores.

ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK BASED

FARMING SYSTEM Increases productivity

Increases profitability

Improves soil fertility

Provides balance food Employment

generation

Better recycling of produces

Money flow around the year

Adoption of new technology

Solve the energy crisis

CONSTRAINTS IN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEM

Fragmentation and division of holdings

Scarcity of family labour

Less reliable market

Scarcity of own funds

Lack of transport and marketing facilities

Fluctuation in output prices

MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CROP LIVE-STOCK PRODUCTION SYSTEM

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION

LAND DEGRADATION

WATER DEPLETION AND POLLUTION

BIODIVERSITY

1.) GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSION: CO2 emissions from land use and land-use

change for grazing and feed-crop production. CO2 emissions from energy and input use. Methane emissions from digestion. Nitrous oxide from manure.

2.) LAND DEGRADATION: Expansion into natural habitat Overgrazing (vegetation change, soil

Compaction) Intensive feed production(soil erosion)

3.)WATER DEPLETION AND POLLUTION Alteration of water cycle Pollution with nutrients , pathogens and drug

residues.

4.)BIODIVERSITY Habitat destruction from feed crop production

and animal wastes Habitat pollution from feed crop production

and animal wastes Loss of domestic animal genetic diversity Ecosystem maintenance

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