Intellitag500 RFID

Intellitag500 RFID

Technology Overview

Upon completion of this lesson, you will Have the background information on the

RFID technology in general Have the basic understanding of the Intellitag

500 operation.

Objective

Outline

Introduction to RFID Historical Overview RFID System and Theory of Operation

Intellitag500 Operation System Components Theory of Operation

Historical Overview

In 1983 - 5 Scientist from the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico formed Amtech (Animal Management Technology) Corporation

These scientists invented RFID technology funded by two divisions of the Federal government. Department of Energy - application was to

track nuclear materials Department of Agriculture - application was

to track cattle and monitor their health, specifically avoiding shipping fever.

Historical Overview

In 1998, Amtech Transportation Systems Group was purchased by UNOVA to operate as a division of Intermec Technologies Corporation.

In 1999, the RFID SBU was formed to develop and market the IBM technology acquired by UNOVA.

Intellitag® 500 series products are the first RFID products and API (application programming interface) to be compliant with the the new ANSI NCITS 256-1999 product standard designed for item management applications that will be recommended for international standardization.

Amtech’s strong RFID history

Headquartered in Dallas, Texas ISO 9001 certified manufacturing and engineering

facility Leader in international standards Strong Amtech brand name

identity More than 100 patents Core competencies in RFID

development and systems integration

RFID experience

Global leader in wireless data technologies for intelligent transportation systems markets Designs, manufactures, installs, integrates, and supports reliable, accurate, and innovative solutions 8 million tags and 16,000 readers distributed worldwide

ASD Market Segments

Electronic Toll and Traffic Management (ETTM)

Rail and Intermodal

Commercial, Private, and Government Fleets

Parking, Security, Aviation, and Transit (PSAT)

Supply Chain

Historical Overview

New Advancements Low Cost Tags Tag Size and Producibility Tag Longevity (Passive) New Functionality (Anti-collision, LAN-based)

Advancements in RFID technology enable new applications: Supply Chain Management Retail Operations Manufacturing Health Care

RFID System Host

A host may be a PC, workstation, mainframe, or portable data terminal (PDT) where the RFID controlling application resides.

Reader and/or RF Module The term, reader, is used for an integrated package containing

both the reader and RF module. In some cases, it may even include an antenna, and in another case, the RF module will be a discrete system component. Overall, these pieces combine to perform the necessary functions such as encoding/decoding, communications interface control, I/O sensing and control, and generation, transmission, and reception processing of RF signals.

RFID System (cont.)

Antenna(s) and cables In some cases, a reader can contain multiple antennae. The

antenna types will vary depending on the specific application.

Tags Tags come in many different sizes. Operationally, tags are

either Read-only, RF Read/Write, or RF and wire Read/Write. A tag with data that can not be altered through RF is referred to as Read-only. An RF Read/Write tag allows writing of data to a its memory via the RF link. An RF and wire Read/Write tag allows writing of information to its memory via a wire interface, as well as through the RF link. In addition, these tags may be beam-powered or battery-powered.

Frequency Comparison

Feature 915 MHz 2450 MHz 13.56 MHzCost Less Complex, Less

ExpensiveLess Complex, LessExpensive

More Complex, MoreExpensive

Range 3 to 5 m 0.5 to 1.0 m 0.25 to 0.5 mFunctionality Advanced Functionality

(ANSI NCITS 256-1999)Advanced Functionality(ANSI NCITS 256-1999)

R/W Europe, R/Contactwrite U.S.

Metal Effects 25 mm spacer gives fullrange

5 to 7 mm spacer gives fullrange

> 50 mm spacer = 90%full range

Material Effects Sensitive to Water Sensitive to Water Less Sensitive to WaterHuman Body Effects Blocked by tissue Blocked by Tissue Detuned by TissueTag Size Small Very Small Large

,

RFID Theory of Operation

RFID Operation

RFID Operation

RFID Operation

RFID Operation

Introduction to Intellitag 500

System Specific Features Theory of Operation

Tag State Transitions Identification Flow Chart Example Simulation Transaction Timing

Regulatory Issues

System Features Tags are currently beam-powered. Available in multiple frequencies

and form factors. Efficient tag sorting algorithm allows for identifying multiple tags in

the field Identify/Read/Write over RF link Tag overall memory of 128 bytes (1024 bits) Tag Read Range

3-5 meters at 915 MHz 1-2 meters at 2450 MHz (US)

Simple Antenna Installation Multiple reader products Custom and Third Party application development

System Features (cont.) Air Interface supports 30 to 40 kbits per second data

rate Spread spectrum, frequency hopping readers

915 MHz systems - 64 hop channels, 400 kHz spacing 2450 MHz - 79 hop channels, 1 MHz spacing custom frequency hop select for those countries requiring

non-standard frequency set

Open, non-proprietary wireless interface communication provides high-speed RF data transactions - IEEE 802.11

Intellitag500 Typical Tag States

Ready

ID

Data Exchange

Intellitag500 Tag State Transitions

GROUP SELECT(Criteria Valid)counter = 0Transmit ID

FAIL Command

SUCCESS CommandAll tags decrement countersIf counter = 0; transmit IDIf counter > 0; do not transmit

Data_Rd, Rd, Write, Qlock (With correct ID) Rd_Ver (ID match and Write Ok)

Rd, Write,Qlock (With correct ID)Rd_Ver (Id match and write Ok)

Initialize, Group_Unsel(valid criteria)

Initializeor power loss

Data_Rd, Rd, Write,Write_Mult., Bulk_WriteLock, Unlock, Qlock

RESEND CommandIf counter = 0; Transmit ID

If counter > 0; increment cntr.If counter = 0; generate Rnd # If Rnd# = 1; increment cntr. do not transmit If Rnd# = 0; Transmit ID

Intellitag500 Tag State Overview Tags go to the Ready state upon entering the RF field. From Ready state, Tags go to the ID state after a valid

Group Select command is received from the reader. Tags Identified, are forced to go to Data Exchange

state so they will no longer be involved in the identification process.

Tags can transition directly from Ready to Data Exchange if Tag ID is known or not required

Tag Identification Example

A C=0R=0 B C=0

R=0 C C=0R=0 D C=0

R=0

A C=1R=1 B C=1

R=1 C C=0R=0 D 0

0

FAIL

FAIL

CC=1R=1 D

C=0R=0

READ_DATA

D C=0R=0

A C=2R=1 B C=2

R=1

To Data Exchange

Base StationCommands

TimeTags

SELECT

Tag Identification Example (cont.)

SUCCESS

SUCCESS

FAIL

A C=01R=1 B C=01

R=1 C C=00R=0

READ_DATA

CC=00R=0

A C=00R=0 B C=00

R=0

A C=01R=1 B C=00

R=0

READ_DATA

BC=00R=0

SUCCESS

To Data Exchange

To Data Exchange

Identification Process Simulation

Run Simulation

Tag to Reader Timing

Identify one tag (16 bytes) - 50 ms Read (8 bytes) - 15 ms Write (one byte with verification of the write

transaction) - 30 ms

Note: These times are given as reference only and will vary depending on the overall system architecture, firmware version and layers of processing involved.

VeryConservative

Estimates!

Tag Memory Architecture

Bytes Field Name Written Locked0-7 Tag ID Manufacturing Manufacturing8,9 Tag

ManufacturerManufacturing Manufacturing

10,11 Tag HardwareType

Manufacturing Manufacturing

12-17* Tag MemoryLayout

Manufacturing orApplication

As Required byApplication

18-127 User Data Application As Required

* Intermec is coordinating the use of Bytes 12-17 to takeadvantage of Industry Standardization (ISO, ANSI). Pleasecontact your Intermec technical representative for details.

Regulatory Issues

Readers are tested for verification as digital devices and “type” accepted as a frequency-hopping, spread-spectrum radio under FCC Part 15. The end user will not be required to have any FCC site licenses for the readers

Type approval means components sold as a system. Changes to configuration may void certification, and

require re-certification IEEE C95.1 Emissions Safety Standard

Intrinsically Safe for human exposure Compliance via radome and/or labeling

Review Intellitag 500 Overview

Resulted from several years of R&D Significant advancements in cost, size, functionality Supports multiple tag identification/read/write processes Tag has 128 byte (1024 bit) memory Tag data rate is 30 to 40 kbits per second 915 and 2450 MHz operation ANSI NCITS 256-1999 Standard Simple Antenna Installation Standard configuration of system does not require site license

(FCC Part 15)