INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS TELECOMMUNICATIONS …

3 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS

TELECOMMUNICATIONS STRATEGY

Version 2.0

January 2021

ITS Telecommunications Strategy

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DOCUMENT CONTROL PANEL

Version Date Status Author Reviewer Approver

1.0 7th December 2014

Final A. Pliego

G. Saunders

D. Milnes

S. Raza P. Rowley

2.0 7th January 2021

Final

C. Prasad

A. Khalil

M. Noman

S. Imran Khalid

M. Alsoub

M. Elamin

S. Imran Khalid

M. Al Zadjali

Aurang Zeb

Aurang Zeb

Number Referenced Document Version Location

R1 Advancing the Digital Age. Qatar’s National ICT Plan (June 2011)

- http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/qatar-s-national-ict-plan-2015-advancing-digital-agenda

R2 National Broadband Plan for the State of Qatar (Dec 2013)

- http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/qatar’s-national-broadband-plan

R3 Qatar National Information Assurance – National ICS Security Standard

2.0 http://www.ictqatar.qa/sites/default/files/documents/National Industrial Control Systems Security Standard-English.pdf

R4 Concept of Operations, RMC Master Software

Final Issue

R5 Ashghal Qnbn Agreement on Transfer of Passive Network and Addendum 1

- Refer Appendix E

R6 Qnbn Operational Manual - Refer Appendix E

R7 ITS Specifications 3 http://www.ashghal.gov.qa/services/customerzone/en/Pages/ServiceDetailsPage.aspx?serviceID=22&userCat=2&scatid=1

R8 TMS Specimen Specifications

2 See above link

http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/qatar-s-national-ict-plan-2015-advancing-digital-agenda



http://www.ictqatar.qa/en/documents/document/qatar's-national-broadband-plan



http://www.ictqatar.qa/sites/default/files/documents/National%20Industrial%20Control%20Systems%20Security%20Standard-English.pdf



http://www.ashghal.gov.qa/services/customerzone/en/Pages/ServiceDetailsPage.aspx?serviceID=22&userCat=2&scatid=1




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Acknowledgements

Ashghal Designs Department is thankful for the cooperation provided by Road Operation &

Maintenance Dept., Highway Projects Dept. and Road Projects Dept. in preparation of this document.


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Abbreviations

Abbreviation Definition

3G Third Generation Mobile telephony and data

4G Fourth Generation Mobile telephony and data

5G Fifth Generation Mobile telephony and data

AA Ashghal Asset Affairs

AF Assured Forwarding

AN Access Node

BFD Bidirectional Forwarding Detection

BPDUs Bridge Protocol Data Units

BPF Business Process Framework

BGP Border Gateway Protocol

CALM Continuous Air Interface Long and Medium Range

Capex Capital Expenditure

CCTV Closed Circuit Television

CPE Customer Provider Edge

ConOps Concept of Operations

CoS Class of Service

COTS Commercial Off the Shelf

C2C Centre to Centre

C2F Centre to Field

CWDM Coarse Wave Division Multiplexing

CRA Communications Regulatory Authority

DIA Doha International Airport

DC Draw Chamber

DN Distribution Node

DSCP Differentiated Services Code Point (in IP)

DSRC Dedicated Short-Range Communications

DWDM Dense Wave Division Multiplexing

EBSD Ashghal Engineering Business Support Department

EF Expedited Forwarding

EFC Electronic Fee Collection

ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute

EU European Union

EXW Expressway

F2C Field to Centre

FHRP First Hop Redundancy Protocol

GbE Gigabit Ethernet

Gbps Gigabits Per Second


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GEC General Engineering Consultant

GIS Geographic Information System

GME Ground Mounted Enclosure

GPRS General Packet Radio System

GPS Global Positioning System

GSM Global System for Mobile

HCB Human Capacity Building

HIA Hamad International Airport

HoPE Hierarchy of Provider Edge

HoVPN Hierarchy of Virtual Private Network

IAM Identity Access Management

ICS Industrial Control Systems

IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol

IP Internet Protocol

IGP Interior Gateway Protocol

ISD Ashghal Information Systems Department

ITS Intelligent Transportation Systems

ITU-R International Telecommunications Union (Radio sector)

ITU-T International Telecommunications Union (Telecoms sector)

LAN Local Area Network

LFA FRR Loop-Free Alternate Fast Reroute

LTE Long Term Evolution (4G)

LR&D Local Roads and Drainage

Mbps Megabits Per Second

MME Ministry of Municipality and Environment

MOE Ministry of Environment

MOI Ministry of Interior

MPLS Multi-Protocol Label Switching

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol

NCC National Command Centre

NTCIP National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol

OAM Operations, Administration and Management

OpEx Operational Expenditure

OSPF Open Shortest Path First

PA Ashghal Project Affairs

PC-WAN Principal Telecommunications Wide Area Network

PE Provider Edge

PIM Protocol Independent Multicast


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PMC Program Management Consultant

PTZ Pan-Tilt-Zoom (functions of CCTV)

PWA Public Works Authority (Ashghal)

Qnbn Qatar National Broadband Network

QoS Quality of service

QR Qatar Rail

RMC Roads Management Centre

RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol

SCADA Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition

SCH Supreme Council for Health

SLA Service Level Agreement

STP Spanning Tree Protocol

SOP Standard Operating Procedure

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TETRA Terrestrial Trunked Radio

UGN Unified Government Network

UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (3G, 4G, 5G)

VLAN Virtual LAN

VPN Virtual Private Network

VRRP Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol

WAN Wide Area Network

WDM Wave Division Multiplexing

WiMAX Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WLAN Wireless Local Area Network


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Key Definitions

ITS Telecommunications network – Ashghal private IP/MPLS network over DWDM.

ITS Critical Infrastructure – ITS safety and business critical equipment placed in and on the

approaches of tunnels/underpasses. Refer to TMS specimen for details.

MPLS – MPLS is scalable and protocol independent, in which data packets are assigned labels.

Packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the contents of this label, without the need

to examine the packet itself. This allows one to create end-to-end circuits across any type of

transport medium, using any protocol.

CPE switch – Expanded as Customer Provider Edge switch, placed at Aggregation/Distribution

layer, and replaces distribution switch from telecom strategy V1.

PE switch – Expanded as Provider Edge switch, placed at both Aggregation/Distribution layer

and Core layer.

Local Tunnel Control Room/Center – Project-specific control room/center established around

tunnel to cater to ITS critical infrastructure equipment and SCADA.

Roads Management Center (RMC) – Ashghal’s state-of-the-art Traffic Management Center to

manage roadside ITS and tunnel control rooms. It is located in PWA Assets Affairs Building on

Wholesale Market Street.

POC – Expanded as Primary Operations Center. RMC is the POC.

SOC – Expanded as Secondary Operations Center. Acts as a disaster recovery center for POC.

UGN – Passive network for FO communication cables consisting of ducts, chambers, crossings

etc. built by Ashghal and transferred to Qnbn ownership for all operation, management and

maintenance purposes. UGN caters for FO communication needs of its participating

governmental agencies i.e. Ashghal, MOI-SSD, and QAG.


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Table of Contents

Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 10

1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 11

2 The Requirement for an ITS Telecommunications Strategy .................................................... 12

3 Key Drivers and Enablers ....................................................................................................... 13

3.1 The Qatar National Vision 2030 ............................................................................................ 13

3.2 The Vision for ITS .................................................................................................................. 14

3.3 Stakeholders and Interested Parties ..................................................................................... 14

4 Telecommunications Policies and Requirements ................................................................... 16

4.1 Telecommunications Regulation in Qatar ............................................................................ 16

4.2 Telecommunication Business and Functional Requirements ............................................... 16

4.3 Technical and Non-Functional Requirements ....................................................................... 17

4.4 Telecommunications Network Security ................................................................................ 18

5 The ITS Telecommunications Network ................................................................................... 19

5.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................... 19

5.2 Model and Architecture for the ITS Telecommunications Network ..................................... 20

5.3 Logical Network Architecture ............................................................................................... 20

5.4 Interface with Traffic Signal Controllers (TSC) ...................................................................... 23

5.5 Physical Network Architecture.............................................................................................. 23

5.6 Recommended Deployment considerations (Constructability) ............................................ 25

5.7 Network availability .............................................................................................................. 27

6 Asset Handover ..................................................................................................................... 29

7 Key Challenges ...................................................................................................................... 30

7.1 Providing a Future Proof network ......................................................................................... 30

7.2 Operations ............................................................................................................................ 30

7.3 Resources and Skills .............................................................................................................. 30

8 Outcomes and Benefits ......................................................................................................... 32

9 Unified Government Network ............................................................................................... 33

10 Conclusion and Recommendations .................................................................................... 34

Appendix A. Products and Services ............................................................................................... 35

1.1 Telecommunications for ITS ........................................................................................................ 35

1.2 Service Packages ......................................................................................................................... 35

1.3 ITS Telecommunications Domains .............................................................................................. 36

1.4 Mobile data applications............................................................................................................. 37

1.5 Connectivity, Control Centers and Operation Centers ............................................................... 37

1.6 Ashghal Corporate IT network .................................................................................................... 38


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1.7 Network Security......................................................................................................................... 38

Appendix B. Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation ............................................................ 40

1.1 Infrastructure and Build Model ................................................................................................... 40

1.2 Delivery Timeline ........................................................................................................................ 40

1.3 Asset Sharing Opportunities ....................................................................................................... 40

1.4 Monitoring and Evaluation ......................................................................................................... 41

Appendix C. Technology and Definitions ....................................................................................... 42

1.1 Infrastructure and Technologies ................................................................................................. 42

1.2 Network Transmission standards and Protocols ........................................................................ 46

1.3 ITS Telecommunications Network Requirements ....................................................................... 47

Appendix D. ITS Telecommunications Network Drawings .............................................................. 51

Appendix E. Unified Government Network Suite ........................................................................... 59

Figures

Figure 1 Enablers ................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 2 Overall ITS Telecommunications Network .............................................................................. 20 Figure 3 Hierarchical Model for the ITS Telecommunications Network ............................................... 22 Figure 4 Example of Cable Routing ....................................................................................................... 27 Figure 5 Logical Association of ITS Components ................................................................................... 36 Figure 6 High-level Architecture for the ITS Telecommunications Network ........................................ 52 Figure 7 Fiber schematic for ITS LAN and PC WAN ............................................................................... 53 Figure 8 Network Topology Model ....................................................................................................... 54 Figure 9 Network Topology Model including Critical Infrastructure .................................................... 55 Figure 10 Network Topology Model for Multiple WAN Rings in a Scheme .......................................... 56 Figure 11 Guidelines for Fiber Core Allocation ..................................................................................... 57 Figure 12 Typical Duct Routing Layouts ................................................................................................ 58

Tables

Table 1 Stakeholders ............................................................................................................................. 15 Table 2 Network availability figures ...................................................................................................... 28 Table 3 Service types and applications ................................................................................................. 35 Table 4 Telecommunications WAN Availability SLA ............................................................................. 41 Table 5 Wireless Spectrum Usage ......................................................................................................... 43 Table 6 ITS Telecommunications technologies and uses. .................................................................... 46


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Manager’s Foreword

In a few years’ time the bulk of our major road building programme will be behind us; our focus will

shift from construction of infrastructure to how safely, efficiently, and effectively we operate,

manage and maintain our road network. The role of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in the

management of traffic cannot be overemphasised. Whether it is a standalone traffic signal at an

isolated location or a strategic road corridor passing through the middle of Doha with intersections,

tunnels and bridges, without the ITS, it simply cannot function. A telecomm system plays a vital part

of ITS operation. Data gathered from a range of roadside technologies needs to be transmitted to

the control room via a safe, secure and resilient communication network for intelligent analysis and

efficient operation of traffic.

The first version of ITS Telecomm Strategy was issued in 2014, some 6 years ago. At that time, we were still in initial stages of designing ITS for strategic road network, including Expressways. We had a good roadmap before us on how we will go about developing our telecom network for roadside devices but there were elements of important details which could not have been established because two key parts of the continuum: ITS Platform at Control Centre and detailed design for Fibre Optic Wide Area Network were still in their inceptions.

Since both these projects are now well into advanced stages of development and implementation and we have a clearer visibility on our communication architecture, therefore, it becomes important that we update our Telecomm Strategy to provide a better context in which individual scheme-based telecomm designs will be conceived, developed and implemented.

Another important development, which has significantly influenced the Telecomm Strategy, particularly the design of civil works for Fibre Optic conduits, is the introduction of a Unified Government Network (UGN) initiative by the government in 2015. Under this initiative Qatar National Broadband Network, Qnbn, is mandated to consolidate the demands for civil-works for all participating government agencies, including Ashghal, and be the custodian of these assets for a shared use of resources. This document provides necessary guidance on the development of UGN and protocols and procedures agreed with Qnbn.

Finally, I want to acknowledge the efforts made by all staff, across Ashghal, in putting this document together. The creation of knowledge, innovation and continuous improvement are our key drivers and, I shall welcome all suggestions adding value to the document.

Eng. Abdulla Ahin A Mohd

Ashghal Designs Department Manager


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Executive Summary

The purpose of this document is to provide guidance on Ashghal’s Intelligent Transportation Systems telecomm designs. It gives a detailed account on network architecture, topology, and housing of under and above ground communication cables. It aims to ensure our communication network connecting roadside technologies with Road Management Centre, RMC, is consistent in its structure, efficient and resilient in its operation and cost-effective in its construction. The overarching design principles are underpinned by objectives: supporting social, economic and environmental development - illustrated in Qatar Nation Vision 2030.

The telecommunications network provides the core communications foundation over which the ITS operation and its related equipment will be based on. While the communications layer is built at the same time using much of the ITS infrastructure, it is regarded technically as an independent and subsystem agnostic separate layer. Because of this, it requires an independent operational approach with its own service levels, key performance indicators, and management focus.

Security for the telecommunications network is ensured through the entire separation of the control and management equipment (active network only) from any public networks. The ownership, control, and management of passive elements of the network are the responsibility of Qatar National Broadband Network (Qnbn).

Telecommunications facilities to support the ITS operations - a Primary Operation Centre (POC) and Secondary Operation Centre (SOC) - have been implemented to manage, store and process the data received from roadside technologies. Both, POC and SOC, will follow the international standards and best practices on resilience, reliability, and availability.

The telecommunications network itself shall be implemented to deliver an availability of 99.99% (equivalent to unplanned downtime of 53 min per year), the availability required from POC and SOC shall be 99.999% i.e. max unplanned downtime of 5.3 min per year.

Since 2015, the works of planning, design, implementation, management and operation, including provision of FO cable and maintenance have been passed on to Qnbn under an Agreement with Ashghal. Ashghal will continue to build ducts and chambers as part of its road construction projects in line with UGN Design Guidelines, the ownership of assets, once built, will be transferred to Qnbn. UGN consolidates the civils infrastructure and FO cable needs for Ashghal, MOI-SSD and QAG.

The strategy also recommends the use of private third-party communication network where ITS telecommunications network does not yet exist or is not cost-effective. The technology and design approach adopted for the telecommunications network is vendor-neutral and follow open standards to minimizing the need for specialist/propriety technical support, lowering capital and operational costs as well as ease of integration.

To understand the bigger picture, network topology and architecture are also exhibited in this document. It lays a special emphasis on physical and logical route diversities for a fail-safe mode of operation for conventional as well as enhanced roadside technologies to manage roadway network.

The strategy also makes an allowance for emerging technologies such as Vehicle-to-Infrastructure communications and recommends that wireless spectrum for such as applications should be reserved.



1 Introduction

Following Executive Summary and Introduction, the strategy is discussed under a number of sections as follows.

Section 3 refers to key drivers and enablers and how Ashghal telecommunications networks help in achieving Qatar National Vision 2030 and Ashghal’s vision for ITS. It lists organizations who have either a stake or partners in successful implementation of telecommunications strategy.

Wider Telecomm policies, function and non-functional requirements and network security are discussed in Section 4.

Section 5 provides detailed information on architecture of telecomm network, logical and physical network and interface with TSC. It also highlights deployment considerations on core allocation, splicing, slack and routing at intersections. Network Availability thresholds are also provided.

Section 6 refers to ‘asset-handover’ and gives a list of essential document a contractor is required to provide to Ashghal. Key challenges and intended benefits and outcomes are covered in Section 7 and Section 8.

Section 9 explains Unified Government Network (UGN), its context, objectives and gives out various processes in the form of flowcharts, forms and Design Guidelines.

The conclusion and recommendation are discussed in Section 10.

Further detailed information on products, services, monitoring and evaluation and UGN is provided in form of Appendices A to E.



2 The Requirement for an ITS Telecommunications Strategy

The ITS Telecommunications Strategy outlines the approach to the building, operation, and management of a telecommunications network that will allow Ashghal to successfully deliver the outcomes of providing the best-in-class ITS for the State of Qatar.

The current ITS telecommunication technology in the State of Qatar is a mix of dark fiber optic connections, wireless, 4GLTE, and ISP Virtual Private Network (VPN) connectivity to the endpoint. The benefits from huge capital investment in the deployment of roadside ITS and RMC can only be realized if the ITS is supported by a robust and reliable telecommunications network. ITS Telecommunications Strategy describes how roadside devices will be connected, coordinated, and controlled from RMC.

This document includes information on:

The key drivers and enablers.

The challenges and inhibitors.

The infrastructure model that the ITS telecommunications network will deliver.

Recommendations for network architecture using best practice backbone design, including route diversity, to link various control rooms.

The services that the ITS telecommunications network will deliver.

The main aim of the ITS Telecommunications Strategy is to guide in building a secure, reliable, flexible, and comprehensive ITS telecommunications network.



3 Key Drivers and Enablers

The Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV2030) drives the deployment of ITS in Qatar. The development of the telecommunication network to support the success of ITS is required to achieve the following goals.

Deliver a secure, scalable, efficient, and reliable telecommunications network that allows expanding and roll out ITS services across the State of Qatar.

Improve travelers, and community experience through delivering, and realizing the benefits

of ITS systems.

Leverage evolving technology to act as a role model in the ITS industry.

Cost-effectiveness in both terms Capex and OpEx.

The enablers that will ensure the delivery of the Strategy are summarized under People, Process, and Technology in Figure 1. Any weakness in any part of these three summary enablers will result in the diminished performance of the whole system.

Figure 1 Enablers

3.1 The Qatar National Vision 2030

The ITS Telecommunications Network will support the objectives of the four pillars of QNV2030 through:

Developing skills and competencies in building, operating, and maintaining the telecommunications network, utilizing technologies and services that will improve the technical capabilities of citizens in the State of Qatar.

Allowing Qatar to become a significant influence in innovation, research, and design of ITS technologies across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) states and encouraging economic development in the State of Qatar.

It is providing a telecommunication network that will support improving journeys, reducing congestion, and reducing both the number of incidents and the impact of incidents and reducing the environmental effects of congestions and incidents.



Provide transportation service providers and road users with high-quality services in response to the needs of individuals and businesses.

3.2 The Vision for ITS

Ashghal’s vision for ITS is as follows.

“To have a world-class traffic management and operation system, utilizing the latest technologies to provide a safe, secure, and efficient road network.”

The telecommunications infrastructure is a critical element in the deployment of the ITS, and it contributes to meeting the overall ITS vision which:

Enables supports and promotes a seamless and efficient road transportation network.

Promotes and supports an inclusive transport infrastructure that will benefit the entire community.

Helps ensure the competitive position of the State in national and international markets while addressing social and environmental objectives.

Supplements the objectives, goals, and programs outlined in the Transportation Master Plan for Qatar.

Optimize the value and realize the benefits for the stakeholders.

3.3 Stakeholders and Interested Parties

The following table identifies ITS Stakeholders. These Stakeholders are the key enablers for the successful delivery of ITS in the State of Qatar.



ITS Internal Stakeholders ITS External Stakeholders

Ashghal Project Affairs (PA) o Designs Department (DD) o Road Projects Department (RPD) o Highway Projects Department

(HPD)

Ashghal Assets Affairs (AA) o Road Operations Maintenance

Department (ROMD) Roads Management Centre

Software Solution Provider (RMCSS)

Telecommunications Wide Area Network Provider (WAN)

Ashghal Information Systems Department (ISD)

Qatar National Broadband Network (Qnbn)

Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy (SCD&L)

Ministry of Transport and Communications (MOTC)

Ministry of Interior (MOI)

o Security Systems Department (SSD)

o Al Fazaa

o Traffic Police

o Civil Defence

o National Command Centre

Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME)

Amiri Guard

Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA)

Lusail Real Estate Development Company (LREDC)

Private Engineering Office (PEO)

Qatar Rail (QR)

Ministry of Environment (MoE)

Internal Security Force (Lakhwiya)

Supreme Council for Health (SCH)

Hamad International Airport (HIA)

Mowasalat Public Transportation

Telecom Service Providers such as Ooredoo, Vodafone, etc.

Table 1 Stakeholders



4 Telecommunications Policies and Requirements

4.1 Telecommunications Regulation in Qatar

The Communications Regulatory Authority (CRA) has the role of regulator for telecommunications in Qatar and is responsible for setting the legal frameworks to stimulate investment and lower market barriers for telecommunications. Qatar has adopted an open and competitive approach to telecommunications to encourage growth and investment and to encourage the adoption of the latest technologies.

In June 2011, the CRA published “Advancing the Digital Agenda – Qatar’s National ICT Plan.” The plan details the government of the State of Qatar’s approach to creating a “vibrant ICT sector that will support the development of a knowledge economy and empower our people to use ICT to enrich their lives.” The plan also details the role of Qatar’s ICT infrastructure in the development of the country and outlines the services that will be developed to benefit the country.

The following programs and initiatives from the National ICT plan are closely related to, or directly influence the ITS Telecommunications Strategy:

Improving Connectivity through building a resilient, high bandwidth network contributing to the national fiber network rollout.

Boosting Capacity by educating and developing engineers and technical resources through an ITS and telecommunications training program.

Fostering Economic Development through implementing an infrastructure on which e-commerce and e-government platforms can be developed and exploited.

Enhancing Public Service Delivery through interconnectivity with Government telecommunications networks and Operation centers.

Advancing Societal benefits using emerging technologies and providing infrastructure to promote the use of internet-based applications and technologies.

4.2 Telecommunication Business and Functional Requirements

The telecommunications network provides Ashghal with a framework to achieve connectivity among any two or more nodes in the network, whether locations are roadside cabinets, ITS Local Area Networks (LAN), or centralized infrastructure components related to ITS. It also enables the virtualization and convergence of multiple ITS services over a common network architecture to serve ITS systems deployed at the following locations and sites:

Roads Management Centre (RMC), ITS EXW, LRDP and other ITS projects.

Centre-to-Centre (C2C), Field-to-Centre (F2C), Field-to-Field (F2F), Primary and Secondary Operation Centers.

Other Control Centers: all the control centers around the State of Qatar that facilitate the public transportation system, Tunnel Control Centers, Lusail City Control Centre, Qatar Rail, Mowasalat, etc.

The high-level requirements are listed below:

Agility and flexibility to support ITS strategic business trends:

o Ability to adapt, respond to business priorities and the changes in the business needs.



o Deliver and satisfy the ITS application and services requirements such as KPI, SLA, Bandwidth, Delay, Jitter, and Convergence.

Faster time to provide ITS service:

o Telecommunications network readiness in terms of both aspects (passive and active complements).

o Standardization, automation of switches, and all telecommunications configuration.

Cost efficiency in both terms Capex and OpEx:

o Dedicated fiber optics cable and shared UGN ducts for Ashghal ITS services. o Standardize, automate and replicate the architecture to enable the efficient rollout of

ITS services across the state of Qatar. o Consolidation and virtualization of the network and ITS systems in terms of

computing, storage, and network layers (if required).

Compliance and Security:

o Comply with the latest local and international standards and regulations as specified in the ITS standards.

o Security requirements such as network traffic isolation and segregation, logging events, identity, and access management along with network and ITS systems protection and incident response capability.

4.3 Technical and Non-Functional Requirements

Telecommunications network quality attributes and technical requirements can be illustrated as follows:

Simplicity in terms of design, operation, and manageability

o Easy to operate, maintain and support. o Establishing Master IP address scheme to avoid conflict in IP addresses with other

Ashghal business. o A standardized configuration such as a naming convention, VLAN, VRF, VPN, and port

assignments.

Predictable performance and capacity

o Adequate number of physical ports with the required bandwidth for future expansion. o Adequate capacity and throughput of the network devices and line cards. o Consistent performance across the telecommunications network with fast

convergence to protect the follow of real-time workloads of ITS services.

Scalability and modularity (ability to scale in a modular fashion)

o The network shall scale to accommodate the evolving ITS technology. o Leveraging highly scalable network fabric for different network layers. o Adopting scalable layer 2 and 3 protocols such as L2 Ring Protection Protocols, Virtual

Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP), Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System to Intermediate System (ISIS), and Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) for control plane signaling, and exchange the routing information within ITS network cores, and control center.

Resiliency and Continuity

o Ducts and fiber optics route diversity across the State of Qatar along with adopting dual-homing scenarios for critical equipment (if required).

o High availability and redundancy for the critical telecommunications components at all layers embracing no single point of failure principle for the core network components.

o The telecommunications network must be deployed according to smaller fault domain principle.



o Leveraging availability and reliability features of several technologies throughout the telecommunications platform to deliver the required SLA such as:

Multi-homed Ethernet access nodes in hub-and-spoke topologies. FHRP (First Hop Redundancy Protocol). Bidirectional Forwarding Detection (BFD) at the Interior Gateway Protocol

(IGP). Loop-Free Alternate Fast Reroute (LFA FRR). Node and Link protection.

4.4 Telecommunications Network Security

Whilst the technology and topology (refer to Appendix D) used for the ITS telecommunications network is similar to that of the public internet, the two networks are entirely separate. In this way, the security of the ITS telecommunications network is assured. Along with physical separation, hardware and software safeguards are in place to inhibit interference with the telecommunications network and its data traffic. The implementation of these safeguards ensures that the ITS telecommunications network meets the national ICS security standards prescribed by CRA (Ref: R3).

However, there are ITS services that are public facing and are connected through the internet and cybersecurity threats are evolving. Therefore, a sophisticated and secure telecommunications network design with policies at the core is essential to avoid risks that may influence the business goal, economy, and roadside public safety and health.

The telecommunication security high-level requirements to run a secure network are given in Appendix A.



5 The ITS Telecommunications Network

5.1 Overview

The ITS telecommunications network is responsible for managing Field-to-Field (F2F), Field-to-Centre (F2C), and Centre-to-Centre (C2C) communications as well as interfacing third-party systems and access to these systems as needed.

The ITS operation requires a highly secure, resilient, and flexible telecommunications network that provides extremely high levels of availability. This will be achieved using physical and logical diverse routes to the POC and SOC, incorporating the redundant systems where critical services are required.

A range of business and safety-critical systems and operations will be reliant upon the telecommunications network. Without extremely high levels of availability throughout the telecommunications network, ITS failures will impact surface transportation, emergency services, and the credibility of the State of Qatar to deliver a sustainable transportation network.

As an organization, Ashghal is responsible for the management of major infrastructure in the State of Qatar, primarily roadways, drainage, and buildings. During its normal day-to-day business, Ashghal will make business use of commercial telecommunications services. In building an ITS infrastructure, Ashghal will implement a telecommunications network, and at the same time be responsible for the supervision and monitoring of network operations. However, Ashghal’s business operation will not change to the extent that it will also become a telecommunications network operator.

The telecommunications network will comprise a mix of technologies and services to deliver a set of integrated choices for how the network is delivered and how it is operated. (Further information on the available technologies is provided in Appendix C). These choices include:

Network access using the near-limitless capacity of optical fiber networks installed along the

expressways and locals roads, along with the use of local wireless solutions (if required) for

ITS wireless services.

Remote services from public telecommunications internet service providers.

Wireless infrastructure and technology that will enable V2I platforms and services to be

developed and implemented along with wireless ITS technology.

The telecommunications network will also integrate the following user systems as depicted in Figure 2.



Figure 2 Overall ITS Telecommunications Network

5.2 Model and Architecture for the ITS Telecommunications Network

This section majorly focuses on the physical and logical architecture of the ITS Telecommunications Network.

The physical architecture explains the roadside implementation and deployment of the ITS network. In contrast, the logical architecture explains the planning and communicating architecture with respect to a structural design without restricting a particular technology for all layers of the ITS telecommunications network.

5.3 Logical Network Architecture

According to best practice network design, the network that will support ITS operations follows a hierarchical model. On the Overall, the architecture is based on three layers that are access, aggregation/distribution, and core layer. The core layer design follows the Hierarchy of Provider Edge (HoPE) model, where the functions of a router are distributed among multiple routers playing different roles; these routers form a hierarchical architecture and fulfill the functions of a centralized Router that dictates the whole Architecture. Each layer is built on the previous one by adding new functionalities and capabilities into the network. This layered and modularity approach leads to a network that is easily scalable to any deployment size.

The Access Layer o Supports the LAN part of ITS network.



o Consists of Access Switch (AS) and ITS devices or systems. o The ITS devices or systems could be part of roadside ITS or critical business

infrastructure. o The ITS devices or systems are connected with a Layer-2 Gigabit Ethernet Access

Switch as a demarcation point of access LAN. o The Access Switches are connected in a chain/ring fashion that terminates at the

aggregation/distribution layer. The maximum number of AS in a chain/ring is limited to ten.

o Based on the business requirement the ITS devices or systems in the field may require a temperature-controlled environment and redundant power supply.

o The minimum bandwidth of the access layer is 1Gbps.

The Distribution/Aggregation Layer o Supports the secured communication between core and access layer and is part of

Wide Area Network (WAN). o To limit the ITS network domain per ITS project, this layer is further divided into two

components having below distribution/aggregation high-end (Layer 2/3 functionality) devices:

LAN Aggregation layer: Customer Provider Edge (CPE) devices aggregate the access layer network.

WAN Aggregation/Distribution layer: Provider Edge (PE) devices aggregate the CPEs of a scheme.

o The connection of distribution/aggregation layer and its component is in a mesh fashion.

o The distribution/aggregation devices are hosted in a temperature-controlled environment depending on the location either indoor or outdoor with a redundant power supply.

o The bandwidth in the distribution/aggregation layer is as follows: Minimum 10Gbps for LAN aggregation layer. Minimum 40Gbps for WAN distribution/aggregation layer.

The Core Layer o Supports the secured communication between various control centers and ITS

projects based on the VPN per service with a low convergence time of <50ms. The core layer is based on IP-MPLS over DWDM. The DWDM layer is introduced due to the distance factor between the sites.

o The core design is based on the Hierarchy of VPN (HoVPN) that divided high-end PE devices in to two more underlying components to isolate the routes and reducing the deployment cost.

o The connection between PEs are in a full mesh fashion. o The core devices are hosted in a temperature-controlled environment depending on

the location either indoor or outdoor with a redundant power supply. o The minimum bandwidth of the core layer is 100Gbps.

The overall architecture for the ITS network is illustrated in Figure 3.



Figure 3 Hierarchical Model for the ITS Telecommunications Network

5.3.1 Network Segmentation and Quality of Service (QoS) The ITS telecommunications network is to be partitioned into different segments (users and services) through the use of layer 2 and 3 virtual networks, and the Quality of Service (QoS) applies the differentiated services based on the required priority.

At the access layer, the network segmentation is through Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) to segregate the ITS services logically within a single physical network in which ITS devices are assigned to VLAN segments based on their service. The QoS at the access layer is achieved by using ring protection protocols, load balancing between the VLANs and virtual route redundant protocols. The priority of the services is based on the criticality of the ITS services and the SLA (Service Level Agreement).

At the distribution/aggregation layer, the network segmentation is through Virtual Route Forwarding (VRF) to segregate the ITS services logically at layer 3 in the same fashion done in the access layer. The QoS at the distribution/aggregation layer is achieved by using Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Each ITS project is a unique OSPF area itself that is to be connected with the core Layer.

At the core layer, the network segmentation is through multiple L2 and L3 VPNs. The QoS at this layer depends on the data/service flow configuration and diverse logical path with a low convergence time of <50ms. The details of protocols, VPNs, and QoS at the core layer is out of the scope of this document.

The ITS telecommunications designer is required to discuss the design of network segmentation and traffic priority for the QoS at different layers with Ashghal at the design stage.

Refer to Table 4 for the SLA of the Telecommunications WAN.

5.3.2 Data Flow The network will be designed such that data flows between roadside devices, servers, and hosts following pre-determined, predictable, and redundant paths. The logical route diversity needs to be



carefully designed such that the information generated and shared does not unnecessarily overload the network hardware, and plenty of spare capacity is available for future expansion.

5.3.3 Required Number of Switches The number of switches required at each layer depends on the physical layout and requirements of the ITS scheme:

At the Access Layer o As per the ITS design requirement, not exceeding 10 Access Switches per ring.

At the Distribution/Aggregation layer o Two CPEs per LAN network, at the opposite ends of every LAN network. o At least two CPEs, at the intersecting LAN networks of a scheme. o Two PEs for each ITS project – to be determined by WAN designer.

At the Core Layer o At least dual-home PEs and DWDM at selected core sites.

5.3.4 Design of Local Tunnel Control Center Refer to Ashghal’s TMS Specimen Specifications for the design of the Local Tunnel Control Center. A firewall in the Local Tunnel Control Center is mandatory. Like surface ITS network topology (refer Figure 8 in Appendix D), the Tunnel shall have layers of access and aggregation/distribution i.e. AS at ITS CI/SCADA equipment locations forming a ring/chain topology terminating at two CPEs followed by PEs (part of WAN design).

5.3.5 Critical Infrastructure for Tunnels/Underpasses Two cables of 12 fiber cores on both sides of the road connecting the ITS Critical Infrastructure (ITS-CI) and PLC/SCADA (SCADA) access switches and terminating in the CPEs at the local tunnel control center.

One cable is for ITS-CI that will connect critical surface ITS of tunnel/underpass approaches (upstream/downstream) and critical ITS inside tunnel/underpass.

One cable is SCADA/PLC (SCADA) that will connect critical surface SCADA/PLC of tunnel/underpass approaches (upstream/downstream) and critical SCADA/PLC inside tunnel/underpass.

5.3.6 For Underpasses without a Local Control Room ITS equipment placed upstream, downstream and within the underpasses shall form part of surface ITS LAN.

5.4 Interface with Traffic Signal Controllers (TSC)

Refer to Traffic Signal Design Policy Statement document PS-RDD-01 dated 08/12/2016 for more information on traffic signal guidelines.

TSC shall be treated as an ITS device. If it is located within 90m from an ITS enclosure, it shall be connected using CAT 6A. If it is located beyond 90m, FO cabling shall be considered along with necessary 12-port FO patch panel.

5.5 Physical Network Architecture

The ITS telecommunications network active equipment will be hosted in roadside enclosures (e.g. GME) incorporating passive hardware as required by the relevant ITS scheme. However, there is network active equipment that will be hosted in various selected Control Centers in their Racks. The



different network active equipment will be interconnected by means of the following passive infrastructure, depending on the type of roadway.

5.5.1 Expressway schemes 1. On-scheme connections

o Two cables of 96 fibers each for the ITS LAN. Each cable (ITS LAN X.1 and ITS LAN X.2) shall be ducted individually and laid on each side of the road (wherever possible).

o Two cables of 96 fibers each for the PC WAN. Each cable (PC WAN X.1 and PC WAN X.2) will be ducted individually and laid on each side of the road (whenever possible). Both cables constitute the direct path for PC WAN incorporating the return paths of ITS LAN and connecting the CPEs at the edges or intersection for the Scheme.

o Access layer rings for each EXW scheme will be independent of access layer rings for adjacent EXW schemes terminating at the CPE at either end of the scheme.

o Designers need to be aware of EXW schemes containing major intersecting roadways where the Limit of Work on the intersecting roadway interfaces with an adjacent EXW scheme (e.g., East/West corridor and Airport Road). In such instances, the ITS devices located on the intersecting roadway shall be part of its own access layer ring. (e.g., ITS located on Airport Road will not be a part of the access layer ring for East/West Corridor).

2. Inter-scheme connections

o One cable of 96 fibers on each side of the road ducted individually, for interconnection at a PC WAN level of adjacent schemes, Centre-to-Centre communications.

o CPEs will need to be provided at major expressway intersections to enable possibilities for scheme interconnections as part of the overall WAN design.

3. Local roads connections o CPEs shall need to be provided with at interface points with local road projects

to allow for connectivity of these projects to the EXW scheme’s WAN for backhaul to the operations center. This should be agreed with Ashghal during design development.

5.5.2 Local Roads Schemes Local roads schemes shall comprise of two cables (LAN and WAN) of 48 cores run on either median or the side of the road, as applicable.

Ducting within local road schemes shall be designed to extend the WAN as far as possible through the local road projects. Considerations should be made to design that ducting through local roads projects to provide a ducting route between any adjacent EXW schemes that may be located at the project boundaries. In such situations, various local road projects will need to coordinate to provide a continuous duct run through adjacent projects to connect binding EXW schemes. The purpose of this shall be to provide connectivity to various EXW schemes and allow for the staging and resilience of the overall WAN network design.

5.5.3 Scheme Interfaces The interface point with other schemes shall be either the WAN-and-ITS Double GME (hosting CPEs and/or PEs) at the end of the scheme, or WAN GME (hosting CPEs and/or PEs) as a mid-point interface within the scheme at major intersections.



A given scheme always be terminated at least by a couple of diagonally opposed WAN-and-ITS Double GMEs matching the adjacent ones (see Figures 8 and 9 for more detail).

5.5.4 Critical Infrastructure for Toll The toll infrastructure will share the same expressway scheme fiber with a dedicated fiber buffer tube that will be directly terminated in the CPEs at either end of the scheme. Refer Fiber Allocation Table (Figure 11).

5.5.5 Network Switch Topology The network switch layout presented serves as a model. However, the final layout depends on the detailed physical and logical design for the scheme and the required number of ITS LAN and WAN rings to be deployed based on the convergence and switch recovery times.

For further guidance on the overall network topology, refer to the following drawings featured in Appendix D:

Figure 8: Network Topology Model

Figure 9: Network Topology Model including Critical Infrastructure

Figure 10: Network Topology Model for Multiple WAN Rings in a Scheme

5.6 Recommended Deployment considerations (Constructability)

This section is intended as a framework for all ITS designers to follow for designing the physical ITS LAN telecommunications network and WAN requirements for ITS schemes.

5.6.1 Fiber Optic Core Allocation and Splicing The following are the fiber optic core allocation and splicing guidelines:

ITS Enclosures (GME and PME hosting AS): LAN cable shall be spliced with a drop cable via splice enclosure in the adjacent ITS draw chamber, as necessary.

WAN enclosure (WAN GME hosting CPE and/or PE): The WAN cables shall be spliced via patch panels/FOBOTs within enclosure.

WAN-and-ITS Double enclosure (DGME hosting CPE and/or PE): The LAN and WAN cables shall be spliced via patch panels/FOBOTs within enclosure.

For further detail, refer to Figure 11 in Appendix D, which presents a guideline for the fiber core allocation for ITS LAN and PC WAN.

5.6.2 Fiber Optic Cable Slack In schemes where Ashghal is providing fiber optic cables, the following recommendations shall be followed when accounting for slack provided in the fiber optic trunk or drop cables. The existing specification or standard applies where a recommendation is not given.

For Access Switch GMEs/PMEs placed along with the backbone duct network, 10m of slack in the ITS fiber optic trunk cable shall be provided within the Draw chamber directly adjacent to the GME/PME in either direction (i.e., going into and out of the GME/PME). An additional 2m fiber optic slack cable shall be provided within the GMEs/PMEs.

For Access Switch GMEs/PMEs not on the backbone duct network, 10m of slack in the fiber optic drop cable shall be provided within the ITS chamber and an additional 2m in the GMEs/PME shall be provided.



30m of slack in both the WAN and ITS fiber optic trunk cable shall be provided within the Draw chamber outside all CPE/PE WAN-and-ITS Double GMEs/WAN GMEs at the project extents and at junctions.

2m of slack in both the WAN and ITS fiber optic trunk cables shall be provided in pass-through draw chambers. A pass-through chamber is defined as one with no direct connection to ITS devices or GMEs.

10m of slack in both the WAN and ITS fiber optic trunk cables shall be provided in any chambers that involve a change in direction greater than 22.5 degrees.

15m of slack on each direction (total 30m) shall be provided for the WAN fiber optic trunk cable, within the draw chambers at major arterial or expressway intersections where the Limit of Work with the intersecting roadway is shared with an adjacent EXW scheme.

The above recommendations also apply to projects that have only ITS Local Chambers (JRC12) as a main backbone network confirming to latest PWA UGN Guidelines.

5.6.3 Chamber Types The current Ashghal Civil & Structural Standards for ITS call out two types of chambers:

ITS Draw Chambers (JRC14)

ITS Local Chambers (JRC12) In light of the agreement between Ashghal and Qnbn, Ashghal’s all-new designs will follow Qnbn standards. The existing specification or standard applies where a recommendation is not given.

Chambers used at extents of Limit of Works shall be Draw Chambers to accommodate the presence and slack requirements of Distribution/Aggregation layers nodes described before.

Chambers used exclusively for pass-through of cable along the backbone duct network shall be Draw Chambers to facilitate easy hauling of cables.

Chambers used for change in the direction of the backbone duct network shall be Draw Chambers to accommodate the bend radius for fiber optic cables during a change in direction.

Chambers placed outside all Access Node GMEs along the backbone duct network shall be Draw Chambers to accommodate for the slack provided in the fiber optic trunk cables.

Chambers placed outside all Distribution/Aggregation layers nodes shall be Draw Chambers to accommodate for the slack provided in the fiber optic trunk cable.

Chambers placed outside all Access Node GMEs that are not along the backbone duct network shall be ITS Local Chambers to accommodate for the slack in the drop cables.

Chambers placed outside poles or structures supporting ducting between GMEs and end field devices shall be ITS Local Chambers.

5.6.4 Recommended Cable routing at road junctions At road junctions, WAN and ITS cables shall be straight as possible and follow the same path (consider using directional drilling).

Though the optical signal on the ITS looping path is regenerated in the Access Switches, it is a good practice to avoid convoluted paths. In terms of WAN, the optical signal is only regenerated in the CPEs either at both ends of the scheme or at mid-point presentations where access to the WAN is required.

Therefore, the WAN cable must not be either over bent nor cut or spliced in order to minimize attenuation due to insertion losses such as splices or connectors and excessive bend radius. Otherwise, losses propagate across adjacent schemes compromising the overall optical link budget.



Additionally, the straight path reduces pulling resistance and stress for the cable taking into account the length of fiber cable reels (around 5-6 km).

In situations where the length of a scheme exceeds the standard 4 km to 6 km optical fiber spool/reel and, there is no WAN enclosure available in between, the use of IP rated underground splice enclosures (as per ITS specifications) in the manhole is the preferred way to join the WAN FO to meet the end to end connectivity between the two distribution cabinets and keep the optical loss to a minimum.

Acceptable layout Not recommended for WAN purposes

Figure 4 Example of Cable Routing

For additional examples of cable routing, refer to Figure 12 in Appendix D.

5.7 Network availability

There are a series of constraints for the scenario in which the ITS Telecommunications Network will eventually be situated:

Multi-vendor environment.

Multiple technologies.

Leverage of third-party networks.

Multiple SLAs in place.

Legacy systems in use.

Limited skills and training.

Telecommunications operators build their telecommunications networks to a level of resilience and availability, referred to as “Carrier-grade.” Carrier-grade systems are tested and engineered to meet or exceed 99.999% (five-nine) standards and provide very fast fault recovery through redundancy (usually less than 50 milliseconds).

The following table summarizes the various availability figures of a telecommunications network and their associated planned and unplanned downtime.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault-tolerant_system



Availability % Downtime per

year Downtime per

month Downtime per

week 90% ("one-nine") 36.5 days 72 hours 16.8 hours

99% ("two-nines") 3.65 days 7.20 hours 1.68 hours

99.50% 1.83 days 3.60 hours 50.4 minutes

99.9% ("three-nines") 8.76 hours 43.8 minutes 10.1 minutes

99.95% 4.38 hours 21.56 minutes 5.04 minutes

99.99% ("four-nines") 52.56 minutes 4.32 minutes 1.01 minutes

99.999% ("five-nines") 5.26 minutes 25.9 seconds 6.05 seconds

Table 2 Network availability figures

As previously stated, it is not Ashghal’s mission to become a telecommunications network operator. This fact, along with the constraints highlighted, makes unnecessary the demand for a “five-nine” network implementation, as it would be unattainable in practice. A more realistic and yet reliable figure for network availability would be “four-nines.”



6 Asset Handover

For transition of network from the implementation to the operations under Ashghal, the below are the list of minimum documents required to be submitted.

1. Physical Network Topology. 2. Logical network topology. 3. Network Data flow, protocol details and the philosophy. 4. Fiber patching details. 5. GPS Coordinates of all the network equipment /cabinets in excel. 6. Latest Configuration Backups of all the network equipment in .bin and .txt format including

appropriate descriptions. 7. Credentials of all the network equipment. 8. Latest detailed IP schema and switch port details of all the network equipment. 9. Fiber optic network splicing diagram in CAD and PDF. 10. Communication Network topology in CAD and PDF. 11. Detailed As-built drawings of the project with Qatar National Datum / GPS coordinates in CAD

and PDF. 12. Power Network single Line diagram in CAD and PDF along with power load calculations of the

project. 13. Details of NMS (Network Management Software). 14. Enclosure datasheet along with cooling calculations.



7 Key Challenges

7.1 Providing a Future Proof network

Through the use of Ethernet and IP over fiber optics and radio, the Ashghal ITS Telecommunications Network will be as future proof as is possible to achieve with current and foreseeable technology while remaining cost-effective. Using Ethernet and fiber optics as the network infrastructure, future designs and improvements will be driven through innovations with control and management applications and end devices. The availability of high levels of data and information from the roadway network will lead to future development that will use the data for new applications aimed at improving journey time reliability and road safety and through connecting Stakeholders to the Ashghal ITS, the information and data can be shared and used to offer improved services and data uses.

7.2 Operations

Ashghal’s telecommunication needs are met by a mix of its own network and services procured by 3rd party service providers. With the construction and delivery of its own telecommunications network, Ashghal will need to put in place the appropriate operational management to ensure that the investment is not eroded.

Operational Support Systems (OSS) will need to be developed to provide the expected service levels for the ITS infrastructure, providing processes and personnel in three primary dimensions:

Customer-facing (providing the services for the ITS operation).

Partner facing (third party operators and traveler service providers).

Network facing (keeping the telecommunications network running).

Software systems are available to help deliver these processes, but Ashghal will still need the personnel to deliver the services.

7.3 Resources and Skills

ITS telecommunications Human Capacity Building (HCB) will be the primary vehicle for training engineers and technicians on ITS telecommunication technologies. The HCB task will need to link telecommunications practitioners and decision-makers with suppliers, instructors and trainers, and peers to advance the position of Ashghal’s ITS telecommunications capability.

The ITS telecommunications HCB task is to develop a telecommunications profession within Ashghal and its major supply chain partners, taking the lead in the innovative use of telecommunications technologies. This program will need to comprise of four primary elements:

Collaboration.

Innovative thinking.

A results-driven approach.

The primary focus of a telecommunications HCB task will be on building a professional telecommunications capacity and developing the future telecommunications workforce. The task will seek to influence the most informative and effective learning structures to provide the latest in best practices in telecommunications delivery and research to the Ashghal workforce and its supply chain. The task will need to support activities that deliver multi-technology telecommunications learning opportunities to the engineering community by:



Encouraging knowledge sharing of best practices.

Providing technical assistance to telecommunication technology engineers through Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and formal training programs.

Delivering telecommunications technology training through suppliers and partners.

A set of core components provide a basis for the tasks and the four interrelated outcomes are:

Professional development, which seeks to equip current and emerging telecommunication professionals with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to plan, design, deploy, operate, and maintain ITS telecommunication technologies.

Leadership Outreach, which includes the development of a network of champions who promote the value of ITS telecommunications.

Knowledge Exchange to facilitate the exchange of knowledge through innovative solutions.

Technology Transfer to accelerate technology transfer to bring ITS telecommunications research and proven solutions to the user community.

Put into action, the four components and outcome areas support a strategic approach for training delivery that seeks to connect the workforce, accelerate the adoption of ITS telecommunication technologies, deliver learning most effectively and engagingly, and continuously evaluate the learning program for maximum impact.



8 Outcomes and Benefits

The telecommunications network will enable the full range of ITS services and applications to be delivered across the country. The network will ensure the required levels of availability of 99.99% and deliver a flexible and robust infrastructure for a mission-critical service delivery.

The outcomes and benefits of the Strategy are detailed below. The benefits are the measurable deliverables that the outcomes will deliver.

Outcomes

The development of a framework to design, build, operate and management of the telecommunications network.

Delivering a network that can be leveraged to incorporate other services such as drainage SCADA, Ashghal enterprise IT and Asset Monitoring etc.

A modular network, flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of ITS technologies without excessive physical re-configuration.

Open, standards-based interfaces to allow interconnectivity with other Stakeholders and sharing of services from ITS systems (e.g. CCTV).

Enables integration with emerging technologies e.g. Connected Vehicle, Autonomous Vehicles, Vehicle to Infrastructure, etc.

A reliable network that connects safety and business-critical systems to the RMC.

Strategic Telecommunications Infrastructure designed for flexible and robust service delivery.

Benefits

Enhanced network bandwidth and improvements to service capability.

Improved response times for service delivery and restoration.

Resilient, self-healing network delivering extremely high levels of availability.

Highest possible network availability through the design, implementation, and operation of the telecommunications network.

A modern and experienced workforce.



9 Unified Government Network

In order to optimize costs associated with construction of civils telecommunications infrastructure and provision of fiber optical cables for different government entities, in 2015, the state of Qatar has decided to build a one single ducts network to meet the telecommunications needs of Ashghal ITS & Drainage SCADA, MOI-SSD and Qatar Amiri Guard (QAG). This network is named as Unified Government Network (UGN).

Qnbn is the body responsible for the planning, design, building, operation, management and maintenance of UGN including the fiber optic cables. Ashghal has signed an Agreement with Qnbn detailing roles and responsibilities of each organization in delivering a successful UGN. The Agreement and its Addendum 1 are attached in Appendix E.

The salient features of the Agreement are as follows.

Ashghal will design and build UGN in close consultation with Qnbn in its road construction projects, depending upon the size of available MME approved Road Corridors. A complete detail on scale of UGN vis-à-vis Road Corridor width is given in Appendix E.

Qnbn, under QDRS, will review all project proposals and issue NOC for UGN, as necessary. Ashghal is the Approving Authority for UGN designs whereas Qnbn will be the authority of Material Approvals.

UGN encompasses full spectrum of ITS passive infrastructure i.e. ducts, chambers, fiber optic cable, patch cords, pigtails, splice enclosures, FOBOTs and all related accessories. However, Ashghal’s role is limited to construction of civils infrastructure only.

Civil infrastructure i.e. ducts, chambers, crossings etc. once built will be handed over direct to Qnbn.

UGN civil infrastructure and passive infrastructure works shall be in accordance with Qnbn standards and specifications.

Allocation of ducts and provision of fiber optic cable up to the ‘demarcation point’ is Qnbn’s responsibility.

Appendix E contains detailed information as follows:

o Ashghal – Qnbn Agreement o Qnbn Operations Manual o Fibre Connectivity Request Form o Duct Allocation Request for Power Cable o Asset Hand-over Procedure for UGN o Design Process Flow Chart o Fiber Optic Passive Standard Demarcation Drawing o PWA UGN Design Guidelines



10 Conclusion and Recommendations

The document sets the context and parameters for the planning, development and operation of a bespoke telecommunication network for Ashghal’s current and future needs. In addition to providing a better clarity on roles and responsibilities of various stakeholders, it also brings standardization and much-needed granularity in network configuration and its topology.

The pace of change in the field of communication is phenomenal and opportunities and possibilities arising from technical innovations, therefore, cannot be ignored by any responsible and forward-looking public sector organization like Ashghal.

The following steps are recommended to consolidate and capitalize on investment made in Ashghal Telecommunications Network.

A continuous and proactive engagement with the key stakeholders to achieve the desired operational outcomes.

Sustained investment in R&D and in Human Capacity Building programs to keep pace with the fast change world of ITS and achieving maximum returns from its investments.

A periodic audit to evaluate the adequacy of the systems controls, effectiveness of risk management and governance processes.



Appendix A. Products and Services

1.1 Telecommunications for ITS

A large number of ITS devices (mostly CCTV and traffic signals) deployed throughout the State of Qatar utilizes the mixed networks viz. Internet service providers for 4G LTE, fibre and wireless for providing connectivity back to the control room at RMC, off Salwa Road.

Until the backbone fibre optic telecommunications network is provided, as part of the EXW and LR&D programs is available and has reached sufficient network penetration, this practice will continue. Even after completion of the network there will always location, which will be remote from the network and for cost-effectiveness reasons, Ashghal may have to rely on private commercial telecomm providers.

Expressway projects are at various stages of their completion and nearly all Expressway projects includes fiber optic telecommunications as their integral part. In LRDP projects provision of telecomm infrastructure is limited to ducts and chambers only, expect where traffic signals are installed. The bandwidth requirements LRDP schemes will be lower than those of Expressway projects.

1.2 Service Packages

The range of ITS equipment and services to be supported by the ITS telecommunications network is varied as the equipment and services have different bandwidth, latency, and availability requirements. The table below details the service types and their usage.

Telecommunication Service Application (Product specific requirements may vary)

10Mbps Ethernet / IP

Access layer: Dynamic Message Signs (DMS), Lane Control

Systems (LCS), Detection systems, Roadway Weather

Information Systems (RWIS), Tunnel and Drainage SCADA

systems.

100Mbps Ethernet / IP Access layer: CCTV, Automatic Incident Detection, License Plate

Recognition Cameras.

Wi-Fi / DSRC Local remote communications (traffic signals, CCTV and ITS

data).

4G / 5G cellular applications Machine to Machine (M2M), V2V, V2I, V2X

Gigabit Ethernet Connections between Access and Distribution/Aggregation

layers.

10/40/100 Gigabit Ethernet

Distribution/Aggregation and Core layers (Stakeholder’s Control

Centers, POC and SOC) capacity depending on WAN design

requirements.

Dark Fiber Other high capacity connections.

Table 3 Service types and applications

Services will be provided to equipment based upon the service requirement and application. Service Level Agreements between the ITS operation and the ITS Telecommunications service will enable performance measurement and reporting.



1.3 ITS Telecommunications Domains

There are five separate domains of ITS infrastructure envisaged. These domains are as follows.

Field to Field.

Field to Vehicle.

Field to Centre.

Centre to Centre.

Vehicle to Vehicle.

Figure 5 Logical Association of ITS Components

Field to Field Field-to-Field (F-F or F2F) refers to instances where one device or piece of equipment communicates with another device/equipment without further processing in RMC. Examples of this include Automatic Incident Detection facilities that, when triggered, provide the necessary information to local Dynamic Message Signs (DMS) to inform road users of the incident. Weather monitoring systems can also provide similar functions. These autonomous systems can also be connected to RMC for monitoring purposes.

Field to Vehicle Field-to-Vehicle (F-V or F2V) refers to instances whereby roadside infrastructure communicates information to vehicles allowing road users to benefit from information based upon pre-arranged user profiles. It allows for the broadcast of critical safety-related messages to be communicated to vehicles in the event of emergencies, incidents, or weather-related road conditions. This domain also allows field devices to derive information from vehicle-based systems that can be used to inform other systems. An example of this will be “Floating Vehicle Data” (FVD), where the data from the journey of the vehicle is shared with the applications at the RMC to analyze journey time and congestion.



Field to Centre Field-to-Centre (F-C or F2C) refers to the instance where data originating from roadside devices is communicated back to RMC or similar facility. Examples of this include network surveillance CCTV images or traffic flow data from traffic detection devices transmitted to control room for analysis. This domain also includes the information and data transmission from the center to the field i.e., providing messages to DMS.

Centre to Centre Centre-to-Centre (C-C or C2C) refers to instances where data and information are communicated between two or more control rooms or between the RMC and another data management facility. Examples of this include data replication between a main and a stand-by RMC or between RMC and a third-party data facility providing internet-based information to road users and travelers. C-C communications, in future could allow public transport operators (road, rail, metro, and buses) to share data and information.

It should be appreciated that the above four domains will not operate as separate entities; rather, they will make up the entire system. Information and data on occasions will be derived and disseminated across multiple domains.

Vehicle to Vehicle Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V-V or V2V) is communications between vehicles whereby data regarding speed, direction, and location are exchanged to allow the vehicles to develop an awareness of other traffic. It is primarily a safety-based form of communication aimed at sharing information about threats, hazards, and traffic conditions. Technology for V2V is still emerging.

1.4 Mobile data applications

Information from RMC and the control centers of other stakeholders could be made available through VPNs or E-Gov Network. In this way, journey planning and travel advice applications can be developed and rolled out. This will require the provision of connections from RMC and Stakeholder’s control centers to the networks of private telecom companies.

The deployment of future services whereby the ITS infrastructure communicates directly with vehicles for applications such as queue warning, advance incident information, or hazard warning systems will be developed for future deployment, once available technology is tried and tested. Building a telecommunications network based upon Ethernet applications over a fiber-optic network to roadway-based equipment will allow future applications and services to be developed with minimal additional infrastructure investments.

The use of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) services from cellular telephone service providers will allow Ashghal to operate and manage remote equipment at any time, including ITS roadside equipment and some CCTV facilities. M2M services can be used for in-car functions such as “infotainment,” vehicle diagnostics, and road safety applications. The use of M2M applications will require a strong operational relationship with the cellular service provider. This relationship is a further opportunity for asset sharing.

1.5 Connectivity, Control Centers and Operation Centers

The ITS telecommunications network will provide a critical link between RMC and Control Centers of other ITS Stakeholders. This can be through VPN connectivity via WAN Edge Firewall.



The CRA National ICT Plan recommends establishing a centralized data center to house critical computer systems and associated components for all government entities to enhance efficiency and improve access to information.

1.6 Ashghal Corporate IT network

In connecting the ITS infrastructure to the RMC facilities, the telecommunications network lends itself to supporting the Ashghal corporate IT network. This will allow Ashghal to develop and operate its own IT network infrastructure and remove its reliance on any third-party network service provider. Initial benefits will include enhanced corporate business environment, provide high bandwidth data transmission facilities for IT services and video conferences etc.

1.7 Network Security

The ITS telecommunications network is being built using off-the-shelf technology and will operate in a similar fashion to a large corporate Ethernet. A Security Framework will be implemented that will provide a standard mechanism that will identify threat and manage the security risks presented when connecting equipment to the network.

The Security Framework will not mandate technical or business designs on suppliers or other parties or describe how third parties can achieve a desired level of security. It will act as a series of checks and balances to ensure suppliers have adopted best practices and are not introducing unacceptable risk to the ITS telecommunications network. The high-level security requirements are discussed as follows.

Identity and Access Management Identity and access management are key parts of information and cyber security program, ensuring that only authorized and authenticated users are able to access the telecommunications network and datacenters along with all ITS systems only in a manner according to business needs.

A policy dictating a coherent set of rules and principles shall be defined to cover authentication via strong credential controls and authorization rights according to user groups and roles requirements (Fine-grained authorization).

Fine-grained authorization mandates that role and responsibilities need to be defined along with applying least privilege principle to enforce separation of duties for oversight and governance along with makes auditing the entitlements to the resources much secure and simpler. Permission and access to the network platform shall be based on Identity Access Management (IAM) and shall be centralized for better privilege management and reducing or even eliminating reliance on long-term credentials.

Telecommunications network and ITS systems protection Network and ITS systems are a key part of an information security program. It ensures that ITS systems and services are secured against unintended and unauthorized access and potential vulnerabilities. Network protection encompasses control methodologies, such as defense-in-depth, necessary to meet best practices and organizational or regulatory obligations. Use of these methodologies is critical for successful ongoing operations and ITS services availability and performance. Trust boundaries shall be defined, along with and securing, hardening, updating and patching network gears. The careful design of the network topology and management forms the foundation of how you provide isolation and boundaries for resources within your environment. This can be achieved by leveraging multiple layers of protection and defense-in-depth strategy to provide redundancy for the controls and mitigate the impact of a single layer misconfiguration that could allow inappropriate access or service disruption.



There are multiple approaches to protect network platform:

Protecting the network by leveraging virtualization and logical segmentation.

Protecting the network components, telecommunications architecture and ITS domain bounders.

Securing network devices configuration by protecting the control plane (such as routing protocols), data plane and management plane.

Standardize and automate network configuration to speed service provisioning, and avoid and minimize the risk of misconfiguration.

Preserving configuration settings’ integrity, adopting and enforcing ITS service-level protection.

Detection, monitoring and analysis of audit logs

Develop and implement appropriate activities to identify the occurrence of a cyber security event. The detection enables the timely discovery of cyber security events. Detection functions’ examples include: Anomalies and Events, Security Continuous Monitoring, and Detection Processes

Detective controls are mandatory to identify a potential security threat or incident.

Networks and physical access points are monitored by CCTV, and other measures to detect anomalies and authorized access.

Document Network architecture and main inventory of telecommunications assets, and creating a network performance baseline and expected data flow in order to detect anomalies and Cyber security event.

Monitoring, altering, logs review, and analysis to detect malicious activities.

Inspection, continuous vulnerability assessment and network auditing against the Ashghal policy, and business needs to remediate detective flaws and ensure that risk management controls are implemented and operating as intended.

Incident Response and Service recovery Incident response function is a mandatory function to respond and resolve potential attacks and ITS service performance degradation in order to mitigate the potential impact of security incidents. A process of incident response and recovery must be in place and aligned with Ashghal requirements. Develop and implement appropriate activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a Cyber security incident.

A telecommunications architecture considering network redundancy and smaller fault domain shall improve the team response capabilities to isolate, contain, and restore the telecommunications network to the normal state.



Appendix B. Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation

1.1 Infrastructure and Build Model

Through the Expressway Program and Local Roads Drainage (LR&DP) Program for the roadways in Qatar, a duct and fiber optic infrastructure under UGN is being constructed. It will be necessary to connect these separate networks together to form an integrated telecommunications network.

The LR&D program will also be providing ITS infrastructure. However, it is anticipated that the LR&D program will have lower volumes of ITS and will comprise mainly of access network infrastructure rather than the backbone.

The LR&D program also includes projects in remote areas far away from Doha or any Expressway projects. In such as cases, Radio access technology (WiMAX, DSRC, or 4G/5G mobile telephony) are to be used to provide a cost-effective solution.

1.2 Delivery Timeline

The timeline for the delivery of the ITS telecommunications initially follows the Expressway and Local Roads and Drainage Programs projects. Connections to devices on the local roads network will be connected from the backbone; however, there may be requirements for interim measures should the connection to the backbone network not be readily available. These interim measures could include wireless applications or short-term contracts with private telecom ISPs.

Once the RMC (POC) is fully available, ITS from the expressway projects can be connected to the RMC with the SOC acting as a form of back-up facility. The RMC will accommodate the CCTV and traffic signal services as well once they are migrated from the various ISPs and services where possible. It will be necessary for the services over ISP to be connected to both the RMC and the SOC at the same time.

1.3 Asset Sharing Opportunities

Opportunities for asset sharing should be considered as they can reduce rollout timescales, reduce construction impacts, and hence reduce roadway congestion.

Ashghal also operates and maintains the drainage systems for the State of Qatar, and the roadway network and drainage network share common routes around the country. Drainage pumping stations and treatment works can be connected to the ITS Telecommunications Network to connect the remote sites back to the Drainage SCADA Control Centre. Ashghal is undertaking significant investment in replacing sections of drainage in Qatar and sharing telecommunications assets in this way will minimize network duplication and provide enhanced levels of network resilience.

The Ministry of the Interior (MOI) deploy red light and speed enforcement equipment along much of the roadway network in Qatar; however, the MOI currently operate their own network for these functions. Increased efforts should be made to work with the MOI to share assets and minimize duplication of network assets.

The ITS telecommunications network will have an interface with MOI National Command Centre (NCC) as part of the Incident detection systems and for the sharing of CCTV images.

The Qatar National Broadband Network (Qnbn) is a major telecommunications network provider in Qatar, providing high bandwidth optical fiber infrastructure. Qnbn is building a fiber-optic network with the aim to reach 95% coverage of Qatar by the end of 2020. The fiber-optic network will be made



available to other service operators and network providers to offer other broadband-based services, promoting competition and innovation. It is important to note that Qnbn cannot offer wireless services. The UGN Agreement reduces the telecomm deployment timescales and provides network reliability and resilience.

1.4 Monitoring and Evaluation

Ashghal telecomm infrastructure will be monitored for its efficiency and performance. The monitoring and performance regime will be in line with conditions set out in its WAN Contract. The main reports/outputs performance monitoring system are:

Cables installed and tested.

Network elements installed and commissioned back to the RMC facility.

ITS Roadside devices installed and commissioned back to the RMC facility.

TMC to RMC interconnection facilities installed and commissioned.

RMC to Stakeholder interconnection facilities installed and commissioned.

Telecommunications WAN availability SLA shall be 99.99% per month except for incidents related to events beyond Contractor’s control and planned downtime maintenance periods. The SLA’s are applicable to both periods as mentioned in below table.

Table 4 Telecommunications WAN Availability SLA



Appendix C. Technology and Definitions

1.1 Infrastructure and Technologies

The choice of physical media for ITS telecommunications network needs to be carefully considered against the circumstances in which it will be used and operated. Each medium has advantages and disadvantages. The media can be further broken down into two further subgroups, fixed-line, and wireless.

Fixed Line - Fiber Optics The installation and implementation of fiber optic cables were provided in the ITS Specifications. The advantages of fiber optics include high bandwidth, low latency, high capacity, and low weight.

Originally restricted to long-distance communications, fiber optics have now become a standard product for residential and commercial networks.

Fiber optic cables, of a range of standard sizes, shall be used to form the optical backbone and access network. They shall be constructed and installed to the standard as quoted in the ITS Specifications. Optical fiber cables shall also be used to interconnect to other Network Operators.

Fixed Line - Metallic Cables Although the use of fiber optics in on increase, copper cables still form a significant part of Ashghal telecommunication network and considered a useful asset for functions such as high bandwidth digital services. Data services can be provided over copper cable networks, although the service will be of limited bandwidth depending upon its length and the quality of the cable.

Connections from the Roadside cabinets to the end devices (LCS, DMS, and CCTV etc.) shall be made using copper data cables appropriate to the data protocols being used. Patch and jumper cables in cabinets and at the RMC facilities shall be Category (cat) 6A standard with RJ45 terminations.

MPLS In an MPLS network, data packets are assigned labels; packet-forwarding decisions are made solely on the contents of this label, without the need to examine the packet itself. This allows one to create end-to-end circuits across any type of transport medium, using any protocol. The primary benefit is to eliminate dependence on a particular OSI model data link layer (layer 2) technology, such as Ethernet, and eliminate the need for multiple layer-2 networks to satisfy different types of traffic. Multiprotocol label switching belongs to the family of packet-switched networks.

MPLS operates at a layer that is generally considered to lie between traditional definitions of OSI Layer 2 (data link layer) and Layer 3 (network layer), and thus is often referred to as a layer 2.5 protocol. It can be used to carry many different kinds of traffic, including IP packets and Ethernet frames.

Wireless Wireless services have expanded at an astronomical rate just under a decade; they are used in both public and private networks with the public mobile telephone being the predominant service.

Radio spectrum that is used for the ITS telecommunications network and ITS applications are included in the CRA spectrum plan. Other wireless applications (3G, 4G or 5G networks) will use existing spectrum allocations based upon the technologies used. Details of the ITS applications that will use the wireless spectrum are detailed in the table below.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_link_layer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_layer

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet_(information_technology)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethernet_frame



Technology Frequency

Short Range Devices

Wireless LAN Products

Bluetooth devices

Wireless detection, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

2300MHz – 2483.5MHz

Short Range Devices

Radar Detectors

10.5 GHz – 10.6 GHz 24.05 GHz – 24.25 GHz 57 GHz – 64 GHz 75 GHz – 85 GHz

Road Transport Traffic Telematics (RTTT) 5795 MHz – 5805 MHz

Automotive Radar (vehicle-based collision detection), road surface debris and obstruction detection

76 GHz – 79 GHz

Table 5 Wireless Spectrum Usage

Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) is in use with the MOI in Qatar since 2006, it is mostly used for routine center to field communications. It is primarily a point to point or point to multi-point voice service. Tetra terminals can also act as mobile phones should the network be so configured, providing for standard calls over public networks.

TETRA services are situated at lower frequencies than most other mobile services and have the advantage that they can operate over longer distances. TETRA networks are often completely separate from public mobile networks; therefore, they can offer greater levels of resilience. TETRA network also has a fall back facility that, in the event of the connection to the main control facility being lost, local communications can still be operated.

In Qatar, TETRA services are also used by Qatar Petroleum, Dolphin Energy, Oryx GTL, and Qatar Navigation.

TETRA services can be made available for ITS connectivity with RMC facilities to enable secure and resilient communications between the operations management and the field force. The use of Mobile phones should be seen as a fallback position as they are not made to be used in mission-critical situations and can be subject to poor reception and loss of service.

Dedicated Short-Range Communications (DSRC) provides the vehicle-to-vehicle communications and between a vehicle and the equipment at the roadside in specific locations, for example, signal intersections and static weigh stations. They can potentially be used to support specific ITS applications such as Electronic Fleet data or Public Transport vehicle identification.

DSRC is for data-only systems and operates on a specific frequency band, which will vary by country based upon the local regulation of radio spectrum. DSRC systems consist of Roadside Units (RSUs) and the On-Board Units (OBUs) with transceivers and transponders. It will be necessary for frequencies and bands to be approved by the radio regulation department at CRA to align with the national approach to radio spectrum management.

Standardization is essential in order to ensure interoperability across the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) States, particularly for applications such as vehicle data collection, Freight management for which there will be a need for interoperability of systems. Standardization will also assist with the

http://etsi.org/WebSite/technologies/IntelligentTransportSystems.aspx

http://etsi.org/WebSite/technologies/FeeCollection.aspx



provision and promotion of additional services using DSRC and help ensure compatibility and interoperability within a multi-vendor environment.

DSRC can be used for (infrastructure) field to vehicle (F2V) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications for applications such as freight management and vehicle tracking as well as road-user charging purposes.

Bluetooth is an unlicensed short-range wireless communications system. Initially developed for communications between mobile phones and computers, it has developed into an almost universal method for creating Personal Area Networks (PAN).

Bluetooth is a popular technology for connecting mobile phones to vehicles, thus aiding drivers to use phones hands-free while driving. It is the use of Bluetooth in cars that have allowed technology deployed at the roadside to use the Bluetooth “Signatures” to allow journey time measurement to be undertaken. Only the Media Access Control (MAC) address is used in the Bluetooth data collection, thus guaranteeing driver anonymity and security.

Bluetooth is a low powered short-range product and is only suitable for specific ITS applications. It will not be used as a mainstream telecommunications technology and, as such, will not be included in the Telecommunications Deployment Plan.

Wi-Fi is a wireless communications protocol used to connect computing devices to other computers or networks. Standards for Wi-Fi are governed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers' (IEEE) 802.11 standards to ensure international compatibility. Wi-Fi is generally used as a synonym for a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN).

Wi-Fi is ideally suited to short-distance access network applications. Examples include communications from the backbone and main carriageway routes to ITS technology deployed alongside streets and across busy intersections. Products are available from a number of sources and are suited to the applications and environments found in the ITS for the State of Qatar. Applications include Traffic Signals, Remote DMS, RWIS, and CCTV.

Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is a form of wireless used for “Last Mile” communications where a cable is not feasible due to cost or time to install. It is covered by the IEEE 802.16 standards. The average cell range of a WiMAX device can actually be as much as 10-12 km for non-Line of Sight applications; 40km can be achieved with Line of Sight applications. Like all radio systems, the distance will also affect the available bandwidth and Quality of Service (QoS); however, a bandwidth of 30-40Mbps can generally be achieved. WiMAX is suited to remote applications that require long-distance wireless communications. It can also be used for building to build communications. Applications specific to ITS include remote CCTV, Remote DMS, and RWIS.

Satellite Services are also available in the State of Qatar following the launch in 2013 of the first Qatari owned satellite service, Es’hailSat. The telecommunications satellite is geostationary over the Gulf region and is capable of broadcast services as well as telecommunications services. Once in service, the satellite will be able to offer network connection facilities to remote parts of the state where normal telecommunications infrastructure is not available.

Mobile telephony Third Generation (3G) mobile telephone services, also known as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), have been operating in Qatar since 2006 and are operated by Private Telecom companies. As well as voice and video services, 3G/UMTS services also offer the opportunity for high rate data services. These data services will, however, be limited by local network



capacity and network usage with city center areas and business districts accounting for the greater proportion of network traffic. Network capacity is greater in the more remote areas on the outskirts of cities. Data speeds of 1 Mbps upload and 7.2 Mbps download have been available on one of the private telecom companies since 2009.

3G mobile services also include General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) as part of the technology offering. GPRS is a data service. However, it is a “best-effort” service that has variable data throughput and can suffer from an issue with latency as it is a shard service. GPRS services do support Internet Protocols (IP) and can offer point to point or point to multipoint services. The cost and availability of GPRS services will vary with the service provider; however, they can offer remote connections to equipment off of a fixed-line network, e.g., DMS or weather alert systems.

3G data and GPRS technology is used for Machine to Machine (M2M) communications for remote equipment such as Remote DMS and RWIS. It is not suitable for safety-critical systems such as Automated Incident detection as it works as a “best-effort” principle through the public telecoms network rather than a private network.

Fourth Generation (4G) services, also known as Long Term Evolution (LTE) are starting to be rolled out across telecommunications networks; however, these have yet to be provided for public use in Qatar.

4G networks are different from previous mobile telephony services in that they are entirely IP based communications giving rise to enhanced data management and service improvements over 3G services.

In Qatar, the Ministry of the Interior (MOI) now operates a private 4G network for the MOI staff and related agencies, giving them the capability to transmit pictures and data to the National Command Centre (NCC) and to other MOI departments. The MOI intend to operate their 4G network in parallel with their existing Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) service.

The telecom operators in Qatar are currently offering 4G services; the service coverage will develop across Doha with excellent signal strength in city areas; however, outside the city coverage is likely to be weak or non-existent.

4G networks can be used from either public or private operators, and as such, the services using the 4G need to be appropriately segregated. Services using a public 4G network should be restricted to low priority, non-safety related services. Operational telephony and data services can use a private 4G network as long as the service levels are agreed beforehand. In the case of using the MOI 4G network, it needs to be recognized that in the event of a security crisis or high-profile event, the MOI may, at very short notice, severely restrict access to the network, protecting the usage for their operations.



Fiber optic

Wi-Fi 3G mobile telephony

4G/5G Mobile

telephony WiMAX

Meshed Radio

DSRC TETRA

Centre to center communications

Centre to field communications

GPRS IP data Voice

Field to vehicle communications

Vehicle to vehicle communications

Infrastructure to infrastructure communications

Table 6 ITS Telecommunications technologies and uses.

Fifth Generation (5G) is the latest technology standard for cellular networks and cellular operators companies began deploying worldwide in 2019. 5G is the planned successor to the 4G networks, which provide connectivity to most current cellphones.

Like its predecessors, 5G networks are cellular networks, in which the service area is divided into small geographical areas called cells. All 5G wireless devices in a cell are connected to the Internet and telephone network by radio waves through a local antenna in the cell. The main advantage of the new networks is that they will have greater bandwidth, giving higher download speeds, eventually up to 10 gigabits per second (Gbps).

Both the leading telecom operators in Qatar have been setting up multiple 5G sites since 2019.

1.2 Network Transmission standards and Protocols

Ethernet Switches Ethernet switches are the active devices at the point in which the roadside device is connected to the ITS Telecommunications Network. Each roadside device will be connected to an Ethernet switch and each switch can accommodate in the range of 1-8 devices depending upon the roadside device configuration. Connections from the Ethernet switch to the Roadside device are made using copper data cables based upon IP standards (Category (cat) 6A). Connections to the backbone of the telecommunications network are through fiber optic cables.

Ethernet switches for use in roadside environments are available from a range of suppliers who are already providing products to ITS projects in other parts of the world. The source for the device will be as a result of the procurement exercise and will need to meet the requirements for Transportation-related applications (NTCIP or similar).



Backbone Transmission Technology Using IP technology as the backbone for the Telecommunications Network. The volumes of equipment required will be as a result of the final backbone architecture design.

1.3 ITS Telecommunications Network Requirements

The telecommunications network for the ITS in Qatar is designed to be a Wide Area Network (WAN) connecting the roadside equipment back to the RMC and to connect the RMC to other transportation Stakeholders and information providers. Existing WAN connectivity technologies available for use in the ITS Telecommunications Network are therefore either fixed line or wireless.

Digital Communications The ITS Telecommunications Network will utilize digital communications where the common entry point to the network is through an Ethernet interface, which is now being developed as the common form of the network throughout the ITS industry.

The topology of the IP Network follows the same design as that of the public Internet, using a combination of access devices, backbone routers, and high-speed data links to interconnect a large number of devices in a meshed configuration for high resilience.

The telecommunications network needs need to align with the business needs. The Ashghal strapline is “Qatar deserves the best,” and the implementation of the telecommunications network must reflect this:

The network must be flexible, secure, and resilient and deliver high availability.

Must facilitate cross-organization collaboration, not just in Ashghal but also across the Government agencies for the State of Qatar.

Must be cost-effective and dimensioned to a size suitable for the task.

Will allow for the development and deployment of future services and applications.

These guiding principles initially look at the technical aspects that will underpin the telecommunications networks. These will need to be further supported by institutional and operational processes and strategies.

Network availability The network availability has been measured for a long time within the telecommunication industry. The term ‘availability’ is defined as follows.

The ability of a functional unit to be in a state to perform a required function under given conditions at a given instant of time or over a given time interval, assuming that the required external resources are provided (ISO2382-14).

In the case of the ITS for the State of Qatar, the external resources referred to above will be the power supply and the ITS Roadside equipment. Availability is often given as a percentage of time that the network is actually delivering services divided by the amount of time it is expected to be delivering service. The time the network is not delivering service is referred to as downtime.

High-quality core telecommunications services are typically quoted as having 99.999% (five-nines) availability. This figure typically excludes planned outages for network changes or expansion. The availability is an average over time and tells nothing about how frequently an outage may occur. If the system fails only once a year, the five nines availability implies that it must be fixed in about five minutes. If it fails once a week, the time to restore services must be about six seconds. This can have



significant detrimental impacts on traffic management outcomes. Guaranteed availability is achieved through designing, building, and operating a network that is resilient, secure, flexible, and reliable.

Resilience Generally, Ashghal’s telecommunication network should have at least one redundant route; although there may be circumstances where risk is minimal and it may not be economically viable to provide a lined alternative network. In addition, where the time-to-repair an outage may be significant, then two levels of redundancy is recommended.

Ashghal’s MoU with Qnbn for UGN brings multiple layers of resilience and redundancy in passive network accessibility indices.

The resilience of a telecommunications network is the result of both technical and institutional solutions being in place. In conventional telecommunication networks, critical higher bandwidth portions of the network are duplicated to enable the re-routing of data in the event of a network failure. It is generally the access element (the “last mile”) connection that is the weakest link, so it is therefore in the best interest of the ITS to keep the access element as short as possible.

Technical solutions for telecommunications resilience must be supported by operational and organizational solutions and processes. In the event of an RMC facility failing and being evacuated, a technical solution, i.e., a second (back-up) RMC site, will need to be supported, and the staff will need to be familiar with procedures for evacuation and relocation.

Security The security of telecommunications networks can be provided in both physical and virtual forms. The standards and procedures for the implementation and operation of the networks will provide physical security by ensuring that the infrastructure is built and maintained to the correct standards.

Ethernet technology will provide not only excellent performance for ITS services and applications. As with any system characteristic, security is maintained through a lifecycle of design, implementation, maintenance, and improvement. Security and administration policies are a key foundation for developing robust network security. A security policy should logically segment the devices and network in an ITS environment into groups, zones, or corridors on which the policies can be applied. Once the security policy is defined, there are a number of key technical capabilities available to implement the policy. These include, but are not limited to:

Access control and authentication.

Secure connectivity and management.

Firewalls.

Network Buffer zones.

Load Balancing.

VLAN configuration.

The operation of the network must be carried out in an appropriate manner in order that the security of the information is not compromised. This will require stringent controls in the management of software and network connections to ensure that the telecommunications network is suitable isolated from outside influences and interference.

Flexibility Flexibility in the telecommunications network will allow for as many services as possible to be accommodated over the network without increasing the complexity of the technologies involved.



Whilst it will not be possible to accommodate all technologies, the correct design of the network and the correct selection of the technologies to be deployed will ensure viable levels of flexibility.

The use of Fiber optic technology and Ethernet and IP based services will provide the highest levels of flexibility that are available with the current forms of technology. Equipment manufacturers and network providers now use common, open standards and have moved away from bespoke solutions. It is through the application of open standards and applications that the maximum flexibility will be achieved.

Reliability Network reliability is important for the operational ITS services to ensure that the telecommunications network is available as and when it is required. Reliability is achieved in normal operation using a combination of high integrity equipment and a physical network designed to offer to fall back services in the event of a network interruption. Fast fault recovery times are also important to resume normal service following an event or incident.

Reliability needs to be considered at each stage of the telecommunications network. Especially important for network design considerations is the telecommunications network transmission equipment. At each point on the network, a number of techniques or considerations can be applied to achieve the required level of reliability:

At the roadside – Dual power supplies where required, ruggedized equipment and

professional installation methods

In the telecommunications network – Redundant network connections and links as well as

redundant or back-up RMC facilities. The use of Internet Protocol IP routing will ensure any

data being transmitted will find the best route between the end devices.

Bandwidth Each device connected to the network will require its own amount of bandwidth in order to communicate with other devices, systems, or control facilities. Devices will range from low bandwidth devices such as message signs and signals through to high bandwidth devices such as CCTV systems and inter center communications systems for management control centers.

It is, therefore, essential that the network has the flexibility to enable the technology of various bandwidths to be deployed. Ethernet and IP based applications are the most suitable services that can provide suitable levels of bandwidth for ITS applications. The use of a common infrastructure will ensure consistent levels of bandwidth being available across the entire telecommunications network.

Latency Signals from field devices to other field devices or control centers will be used to trigger or initiate other processes or systems. It is essential that any delay for signals to complete the circuit route is managed and that the latency (delay) is kept to a minimum.

Ethernet technologies used in ITS networks normally have very low latencies, which refers to the time it takes for a network packet to transit between a roadside device and the RMC. Most ITS operations and applications can tolerate latencies of 10 to 50 milliseconds (ms) with some older traffic signal control systems capable of tolerating 500ms delay. Because Ethernet applications for ITS are of low capacity (a few hundred bytes), the latency introduced by an Ethernet switch at 100 Mbps is only about 30 microseconds with a worst-case scenario of close to 100 microseconds—well below the limit and 100 times faster than most applications require.



Latency on public or third-party networks is more difficult to manage or predict and can result in system or service instability. Third-party operators will occasionally need to undertake network load balancing activities and will re-route traffic because of repairs or service interruptions. Automatic or unplanned changes in the routing of circuits will introduce an additional delay that is unforeseen and can cause some systems to become unstable or fail. Whilst it is possible to have Service Level Agreements in place to agree on set parameters for network performance, the increasingly autonomous nature of telecommunications networks means that on occasions that will re-arrange themselves without notice, changing latency values and un-balancing some of the network systems.



Appendix D. ITS Telecommunications Network Drawings



Page 52

Figure 6 High-level Architecture for the ITS Telecommunications Network



Page 53

Figure 7 Fiber schematic for ITS LAN and PC WAN



Page 54

Figure 8 Network Topology Model



Page 55

Figure 9 Network Topology Model including Critical Infrastructure



Page 56

Figure 10 Network Topology Model for Multiple WAN Rings in a Scheme



Page 57

Figure 11 Guidelines for Fiber Core Allocation

CONNECTION TYPE Core no Buffer Core CONNECTION TYPE Core no Buffer Core

ITS LAN 1.1 ITS LAN 1.2

PRESENTED

(48)

PRESENTED

(48)

Blue Blue

1 Blue ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1) 1 Blue ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1)

2 Orange ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1) 2 Orange ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1)

3 Green ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1) 3 Green ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1)

4 Brown ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1) 4 Brown ITS LOOPING PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1)

5-12 ALL (SEE NOTES 1 AND 2) 5-12 ALL (SEE NOTES 1 AND 2)

13-24 Orange ALL SPARE 13-24 Orange ALL SPARE

25-36 Green ALL SCADA ITS/TUNNELS LOOPING PATH (SEE NOTE 2) 25-36 Green ALL SCADA ITS/TUNNELS LOOPING PATH (SEE NOTE 2)

37-48 Brown ALL SCADA ITS/TUNNELS LOOPING PATH (SEE NOTE 2) 37-48 Brown ALL SCADA ITS/TUNNELS LOOPING PATH (SEE NOTE 2)

PRESENTED

(48)

DIRECT SPLICE

(24)

PRESENTED

(48)

DIRECT SPLICE

(24)

Blue Blue

49-60 Slate ALL ITS LAUNCH (SEE NOTE 5) 49-60 Slate ALL ITS LAUNCH (SEE NOTE 5)

61-72 White ALL DIRECT SCADA-ITS/TUNNELS RETURN (SEE NOTE 4) 61-72 White ALL DIRECT SCADA-ITS/TUNNELS RETURN (SEE NOTE 4)

73-84 Red ALL SPARE 73-84 Red ALL SPARE

85-96 Black ALL SPARE 85-96 Black ALL SPARE

CONNECTION TYPE Core no Buffer Core CONNECTION TYPE Core no Buffer Core

PRESENTED

(48)

PRESENTED

(48)

Blue Blue

PC WAN 1.1 PC WAN 1.2

LAID UP IN TRAY

(24)

DIRECT SPLICE

(24)

DIRECT SPLICE

(24)

LAID UP IN TRAY

(24)

1 Blue WAN, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1) 1 Blue WAN, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1)

2 Orange WAN, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1) 2 Orange WAN, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1)

3 Green WAN, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1) 3 Green WAN, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1)

4 Brown WAN, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1) 4 Brown WAN, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1)


13-24 Orange ALL CENTRE TO CENTRE 13-24 Orange ALL CENTRE TO CENTRE

Green

PRESENTED

(48)

PRESENTED

(48)

Blue

Green

Blue

25 Blue ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1) 25 Blue ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1)

26 Orange ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1) 26 Orange ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 1 (SEE NOTE 1)

27 Green ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1) 27 Green ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1)

28 Brown ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1) 28 Brown ITS DIRECT RETURN PATH, RING 2 (SEE NOTE 1)


37-48 Brown ALL SCADA-ITS/TUNNELS DIRECT RETURN PATH (SEE NOTE 4) 37-48 Black ALL SCADA-ITS/TUNNELS DIRECT RETURN PATH (SEE NOTE 4)

Green

PRESENTED

(48)

PRESENTED

(48)

LAID UP IN TRAY

(48)

LAID UP IN TRAY

(48)

Green

49-60 Slate ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3) 49-60 Slate ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3)

61-72 White ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3) 61-72 White ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3)LAID UP IN TRAY

(48)

LAID UP IN TRAY

(48)73-84 Red ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3) 73-84 Red ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3)

85-96 Black ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3) 85-96 Black ALL SPARE (See NOTE 3)

Throughput calculations to be carried out depending on the overall requirements of the PC-WAN Design (TBC)

NOTES

1 Approx. 10 switches per fibre pair

2 Cascade sequentially using next cores and available buffer tubes as required.

3 Available for direct inter-scheme splicing as required for the overall WAN design requirements or other third-party access (TBD).

4 Possibility to run either on ITS LAN or PC WAN according to the specific SCADA detailed design, for breakout locally or wider WAN interconnection.

5 Cores within slate buffer to be used as launch for subsequent rings (after ITS RING 1) to minimise link optical loss due to patching. Only required cores to be spliced directly to cores within blue buffer to initiate secondary rings.

LAID UP IN TRAY

(48)

LAID UP IN TRAY

(48)



Page 58

Figure 12 Typical Duct Routing Layouts

SPECIMEN STANDARD



Page 59

Appendix E. Unified Government Network Suite

<J-..6.D 1JI 0----:U-w-1 J.---b..D Q atar D eserves The B est

ITS Passive Infrastructure Transfer and Handover Agreement Between Public Works Authority (Ashghal) and Qatar National Broadband Network (QNBN).

SECTION 1: Roads where the ITS Infrastructure (Ducts, chambers, Chamber covers, and existing FO Cables), the

subject matter of this Agreement, are located

1. 22nd of FEB

2. Salwa Road-PKG7 Roads Name: 3. Salwa high way

4. Dukhan high way

5. North Road

Effective Date: 28th April, 2016

SECTION 2 : Terms and Conditions

In accordance with the directions of his Excellence the Prime Minister vide letter No. 4212, dated 30th November,

2015, Ashghal hereby agrees to transfer the ownership and possession of all the ITS Duct infrastructure owned and

operated by Ashghal on the above mentioned Roads (as detailed in the attachments to this Agreement and hereinafter

referred to as the "Assets,,); and QNBN accepts such transfer oftitle and handover of possession ofthe Assets, subject

to the following terms and conditions :

1. On the Effective Date of the handover of possession of the Assets, Ashghal undertakes to transfer the

title/ownership as well as physical possession of the Assets to QNBN, and to take all necessary steps and to

extend all possible assistance to QNBN to fulfill any and all the legal and regulatory requirements necessary to

legalize the transfer of ownership and possession of the Assets to QNBN.

2. QNBN undertakes to take over all the responsibilities and liabilities attached to the ownership of the said

Assets and to be responsible to manage, operate and maintain the Assets as per the best industry practices

especially with regard to smooth operation of Ashghal,s requirements.

3. Qnbn also acknowledges and undertakes that in its capacity as the owner of the Assets, Qnbn shall be liable for

any and all the damages or losses caused to the Assets from the Effective Date.

4. QNBN agrees t o take over the Assets on as-is basis. For avoidance of doubt, the Assets are limited to the

following elements:

• ITS Ducts (

• ITS Chambers1

• ITS Chamber Covers and accessories

• Existing Fiber Optic Cables (including all related accessories, such as joint clos

Panel).

s. Demarcation Point: The ODF (Optical Distribution Frame) equipment to be installed by QNBN as a termination

point of QNBN cables (or the ODF equipment that has already been installed earlier to the handover date, and

is part of the Handed-over elements) will serve as the demarcation point between the Assets being transferred

to QNBN and Ashghal's other Assets. This ODF will be installed in specific standard rooms within buildings,

street cabinets, or any proper rack-type unit agreed with Ashghal, 24/7 access (where required) to the

demarcation points shall be arranged and facilitated by Ashghal to QNBN teams.

6. Ashghal will provide QNBN with all the existing records related to the Assets (both cables and ducts) including

any and all documents and information related to the ownership/title of the Assets and/or the right of way

that created the basis of such ownership of the Assets for Ashghal as well as any records and drawings related

to the Ashghal cable network.

7. For the handed over Assets, if QNBN subsequently finds out or discovers any defect which prevents one or

more parts of the Assets (including all the associated infrastructure such as ducts, chambers, chamber covers,

and existing FO Cables) from functioning or limits the operation of Assets or creates any hindrance in Ashghal's

operations, QNBN shall rectify the defect at its own cost.

8. As to the Assets that are complete but have not yet been handed over to Ashghal by its contractors, if QNBN

subsequently finds out during the survey that there are missing segments or major snags (e.g. missing ducts,

damaged champers, etc.), QNBN shall have the right to reject such Assets and Ashghal shall be liable and

responsible on get such snags rectified at its own cost.

Ashghal will send all its fiber optic requirements to QNBN, and QNBN shall review the request and agree with

Ashghal the actions to be taken to fulfill such requirement.

10. Pursuant to the handover of the Assets to QNBN under this Agreement, QNBN shall be solely entitled to lay

fiber optic cable within the Assets; and for clarity, Ashghal acknowledges and agrees that after the Effective

Date, Ashghal or any third party will not be entitled to lay fiber optic within the Assets, without QNBN's prior

approval.

11. Ashghal shall have the right to lay, within the Assets, power and Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) cables for the

purposes of powering up/ electrification of the ITS equipment provided that a prior authorization has been

obtained from QNBN for each such action/project, and such deployment of power and UTP cables conforms to

the design and access guidelines prescribed by QNBN.

12. QNBN shall allocate the required duct space for such power and UTP cables according to the QNBN duct spac~ -~s; and all works for deployment of power and UTP cables within the Assets shall be carried under QNBN supervision. - - -

13. Ashghal undertakes to use power cables that are of high standard and specifications that are best suited to the

environmental and weather conditions of the State of Qatar.

14. Pursuant to the handover of the Assets, QNBN shall be responsible for repairing any damage to Ashghal's fiber

optic cables installed within the Assets, which is caused either by QNBN's Contract Part .

I

15. Pursuant to the signing of this Agreement, QNBN shall discuss and agree on the operational guidelines with the

representatives appointed and authorized by Ashghal. Such guidelines shall be documented in an operational

manual, and be finalized within one month from the Effective Date of this Agreement.

16. From the Effective Date Ashghal shall not be responsible for the Assets and QNBN shall keep Ashghal harmless

against any damage, loss, liability or claim by any third party apart from Ashghal's contractors or those parties

which are working for Ashghal.

lt1. This Agreement is limited to the passive network elements only (Ducts, Champers, Fiber Cables, Fiber Cables'

accessories). No power-plugged or wireless equipment or elements are part of this Agreement.

18. The Parties have duly authorized and appointed their following personnel for the purposes of follow up and

implementation of this Agreement:

Ashghal: Eng. Meshal AI Dahname, and

QNBN: Eng. Mahmoud Dalloul

•!• Attached to this Agreement are the following technical/procedural documentation:

(Routes start & end points, map for routes, ITS infrastructure access form)

SECTION 3 : Handover of Under Design & Under Construction Routes

19. All projects (ITS network, Express highway and LR & DP) other than the above five routes, are under design or

under construction and will continue to be managed, supervised by the same current PMCs within Ashghal

However Qnbn shall be involved w ith those entities to ensure that all the telecom requirements are being met.

20. The acceptance and handover of all the Assets under the projects (of ITS network, Express highway and LR &

DP) shall be carried out jointly by the duly authorized personnel of Qnbn and Ashghal.

21. Once the acceptance is completed successfully, the completed network shall be directly handed over to Qnbn,

and not to Ashghal's maintenance team.

22. QNBN and concerned Ashghal focal point will work together to agree on a Handover process for the projects

under design or under construction .

SECTION 4: Dispute Resolution

23. This Agreement is governed by and shall be construed and interpreted in accordance wit~ s and

Regulations of the State of Qatar ,.-_... N 23. Should any dispute arise in relation to any issue relating to the objectlves ..• o(;'~·· e~

Representatives of each Party shall seek to amicably resolve such dispute within fourt e "' ·

25. Should the Representatives fail to reach an amicable resolution within the timeline prescribed above (i.e. 14

days), then within further two (2) days the Representatives shall submit a joint report to each Party's senior

officers who shall, within one (1) day of receipt of the joint report, meet and make the necessary decisions to

settle the dispute.

26. If the dispute is not resolved by the senior officers within five (5) days of referral of the joint report, then the

dispute shall be referred to the highest decision making authority of each Party for final determination, these

being:

For Ashghal: The President.

Slpedby: Ena. Nasser Ali AI Mawlawi

President. Asfwhal Date

For QNBN: CEO

Slpedby:

Dr. Eft~. Ahmed AI Sulaltl ao,QNBN

Date

Page4of4

I

Annex-2 ITS infrastructure Access Form ITS Passive Infrastructure Transfer and Handover Agreement

Request for Network Access (RFNA)

Qatar Deserves The Best

Requester Details

Requester Name: ................. ... . Email Address: ............... ..

Requester Title: ............ ....... .. Contact#: ............ .

Request Date: dd I mm I yyyy

Access Request Details

Network Details: [ ]

Purpose of Access:

~ Planned Activity

0 Any Other Purpose:

- .. )>ll~il,ab.OJ!i.l>...WI Or.- H1ticMI8toa~ HwMri.

[Please Specify]--------------------------

Is this request in accordance with Notice periods? 0 Yes or 0 No

Qnbn Approval

Remarks

(I) Qnbn approval is required for the planned activities, the Access request form shall be sent at least 5 days before the dote of the requested access.

(2) In case for emergency access , A notification shall be sent by email to Qnbn with the following details: (i} The location where the access is required (Site details)

(ii) Reason for access (i.e. high level description tor the emergency case) (iii) Expected time of arrival for the team (iv) Expected duration for the required access.

(3) Email address for NOC: [email protected], Tel: 8001515

Annex-1 Route Map f d Handover Agreement ITS Passive Infrastructure Trans er an

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Received in 2015

Received on 20-Jan-16

Addendum Nc. [1]To

ITS Passive In fras truc tu re T ransfer and Handover A greem ent Between Public W orks A u th o rity (Ashghal) and Qatar NationalBroadband N etw ork (QNBN).

This Addendum No. 11 ] (“Addendum”) to the ITS Passive Infrastructure Transfer and Handover AgreementDated 28” April 2016 (the ''Agreement''), is signed on th is____ day of December. 2019. between:

(1) PUBLIC WORKS AUTHORITY, an entity established under the laws of the State of Qatar and organized pursuant to Emiri Decree No, 34of 2014. with its address at: Al Faisal Tower (!& 2). West Bay.Doha P.O. Box 22188, State of Qatar (hereinafter referred to as the “Ashghal ")

(2) QATAR NATIONAL BROADBAND NETWORK COMPANY a company organized under the

laws of Qatar with Commercial Registration No, 49349. and trading as Qnbn, with its principal place of business at New' Al-Mirqab Road, Street No. 864, Zone No. 39, Fereej Al-Nasr. P.O. Box 28100.Doha, Qatar ("Qnbn”);

WHEREAS:

A. The Parties entered into the Agreement, whereby Ashghal handed over its Intelligent Transport

Systems (ITS) Passive Infrastructure for fiber optic communication to Qnbn and also transferred to

Qnbn the rights to manage and maintain such Passive Infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as ike

"Assets as defined in the Agreement).

B. As required and agreed in (he Agreement, Ashghal shali hand over to Qnbn the fiber optic cables

(including all related accessories, such as joint closures, up to Fiber Optic Patch Panel) which are

currently deployed in the ducts already handed-over by Ashghal to Qnbn as a part of the Assets.

C. Qnbn is mandated to undertake works of planning, design, implementation, operation andI

maintenance of fiber optics networks belonging to Ashghal, MOL SSD and Qatar Amiri Guard only.

D. Qnbn will build fiber optic network based on Qnbn’s own design and subsequently allocate fiber (for

Ashghal's Wide Area Network) in its fiber optic network for the use of the above-mentioned

agencies. I

E. As required under the Agreement, the Parties have also agreed to adhere to Qnbn Operation Manual,

attached in Annex (A). The Parties have further agreed to abide by the flowchart for the fiber optic

connections requests in Annex (B), for duct allocation process in Annex (C), hand-over procedure

for Unified Government Network (UGN) as provided in Annex (D) and UGN Duct infrastructure and

fiber cables Design in New Road Schemes attached as Annex (E). The Parties also agreed to hold

joint workshops to discuss and achieve operational alignment. In the event of enhancement or

modification is deemed necessary by both parties, the Qnbn Operations Manual shall be amended

accordingly.

Page 1 of 4

F. The Parties have now agreed to sign this Addendum as per the operational terms and

conditions/guidelines set forth hereunder.

NOW, THEREFORE, THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS:

1. Handing over of Existing Fiber Optic Cables

1.1. The Parties acknowledge that Ashghai has already handed over to Qnbn certain fiber cables (i.e. the original five routes in Section 1 of the main Agreement) deployed in the already handed over ducts as defined in the Agreement. Ashghai shall provide ail necessary assistance as well as existing documentation to Qnbn required for the Operation and Maintenance of handed-over 'assets'. Ashghai shall also hand-over all related accessories (such as joint closures and other components) up to the Patch Panel to Qnbn.

1.2. Qnbn acknowledges that the existing fiber cables have been handed-over by Ashghai on as-is basis and undertakes to be responsible for their future operations and maintenance and is liable for any and ai! the damages or losses caused to the existing fiber optic cables assets from the above handing-over

date.

1.3. Ashghai undertakes that fiber cables in it's under construction projects (relating to Wide Area Network) will be completed as defined in respective contracts. Upon completion, these fiber optic cables will be handed-over to Qnbn. Qnbn will extend all reasonable help required to carry out the acceptance process.

1.4. The Parties agree that for all future needs relating to fiber cables for the Wide Area Network, Ashghai shall send its request to Qnbn. Qnbn shall then design and implement the required fiber cable links for the purposes of delivering services to Ashghai, as per the agreed procedure.

2. Handing over of other cables and ducts

2.1. The handover guidelines set in the Agreement shall be applicable to current and future fiber optic cables and ducts, up to the demarcation point defined in the Agreement.

2.2. Qnbn will be responsible for the allocation of ducts and guarantees to provide space to PWA, needs for Power. UTP or fiber cables (Local Area Network), when requested.

3. Operational Manual

3.1. The Parties agree that the liber optic cables handed-over to Qnbn will be operated and maintained strictly in accordance with the operational terms, conditions and SLAs set forth in the Operations Manual attached as Annex A.

3.2. The Parties agree to coordinate together through various workshops to agree on a solution to provide redundant links for the existing fiber cables (i.e. five original routes). As a prerequisite to fulfil the above-mentioned solution, Ashghai shali provide existing network configuration (typology) to facilitate the diversity solution design and implementation by Qnbn. The diversity will be achieved

within the timeline mutually agreed between the Parties pursuant to this Agreement.

Page 2 o f 4

3.3. Ashghal acknowledges that it may have to make minor changes in its current network configurations to achieve full redundancy solution, if so advised by Qnbn. The scope of changes in the network w ill

be mutually agreed. In case Ashghal fails to make such changes, Qnbn will not be liable to provide redundancy solution.

3.4. The highway links (Dukhan, Abu Samra and Ruwais) will be excluded from the redundancy solution.

Qnbn will study the feasibility to provide duct level diversity for these links.

3.5. The Parties agree that the service restoration time will be 2 hours for the services connected by the diverse links, switching traffic to the redundant route shall be done through PWA active equipment

For avoidance of doubt, in absence of route redundancy, Qnbn standard SLA as mentioned in the Operations Manual attached as Annex A shall be used.

4. Capital Cost for Provision of Fiber Optic Cables for UGN

4.1. All costs associated with the design, procurement and installation of fiber optic cables for Ashghal’s business needs e.g. ITS, Drainage SCAD A, Tunnei controls etc. will be borne by Qnbn.

4.2. FiberOptic cable in Ashghal’s projects under construction will continue to be provided as contracted. For avoidance of doubt, both parties agree that fiber optic cables installation for the on-going PWA road works project shall continue to be performed by Ashghal. Any duct allocation for these cables,

post completion of the contracted works, shall be managed by Qnbn.

5. Capital Cost for provision of passive infrastructure for the UGN

5.1. Until the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME) amends its Utility Corridors in R.oad Cross-Sections by consolidating MOl(SSD), ITS and QAG ducts into one as United Government

Network (UGN), Qnbn, will continue to collect the requirement of MOI/SSD and QAG (under MOUs) and pass these on to Ashghal for construction. Ashghal has right to request Qnbn to rationalize such as requirement vis-a-vis available budget, scope and limits of works or any other contractual constrains. Qnbn shall not be entitled to reject such requests. In case of a disagreement,

the matter will be escalated to Ashghal and Qnbn Senior Management for resolution.

5.2. For avoidance of doubt, the cost of building ducts for road works projects with corridor width of 32m or above, Ashghal will fund these works at no cost to other agencies. Ashghal will also absorb the cost of ducts for other agencies in roads which are less than 32m wide but require installation of

intelligent Transport System (ITS) network.

5.3. For roads with corridor width of less than 32m and where Ashghal has no plans for ITS. Qnbn shall collect requirements from the UGN entities. Such requirements will be discussed between Ashghal and Qnbn and if it is decided to build such ducts. The cost will be as per the concept of UGN.

6. Maintenance and Operational Costs

6.1. The Parties agree that with the handing over of the existing fiber cables and associated passive infrastructure, Qnbn will be responsible for maintaining and operating these assets at no cost to Ashghal.

Page 3 o f 4

7.' Miscellaneous

7.1. Qnbn will provide all necessary cooperation to Ashghal’s appointed contractor/vendor for the

building and operation of its Active Telecommunication Network.

7.2. The fiber optic network, including all passive infrastructure up to the demarcation point, under Qnbn, will be referred as UGN (United Government Network).

7.3. This Addendum on execution by both Parties forms an integral part of the Agreement.

7.4. Save to the extent otherwise provided in this Addendum, the Agreement is not amended or modified and remains in full force and effect.

In Witness whereof the Parties hereto have executed this Addendum on the day and year first above stated.

For QNBN:

Signed by:

Date Dr. Eng. Ahmed A1 Sulaiti Date

___ 12 ,2019 CEO, QNBN __ 12 ,2019

Al l u h .m i.m s :

Annex-A - Qnbn Operations Manual

Annex-B - Fiber Connectivity Request - Flowchart

Annex-C - Duct Allocation Request for Power Cable

Annex-D - Hand-over Procedure for Unified Government Network (UGN)

Annex-E - UGN Design and Fiber Optic Connectivity in New Road Schemes: 2019-NS-VOOi

For Ashgbai:

Eng. Dr. Saad A1 Mohannadi President, Ashghal

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APPROVAL

DWG. NO.

DATE SCALE

CHECKED

DESIGNED

TITLE

STATUS

PROJECT CODE

PROJECT

DATE

NO.

REV.

APPR.DESCRIPTION

DESIGNS DEPARTMENT

PROJECTS AFFAIRS

Qatar Deserves The Best

Public Works Authority

Fax. : (0974) 44950999

Tel. : (0974) 44950000

P.O.Box 22188

PA

www.ashghal.gov.qa

File N

am

e:

Date P

rinted:

GENERAL

N/A

N/A

Decem

ber 21, 2020

Dem

arcation F

igure.dw

g

FIBER-OPTIC PASSIVE

STANDARD DEMARCATION

DRAWING FOR PWA AND QNBN

N.T.S

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FO SLACK

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FO SLACK

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FO SLACK

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FO SLACK

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SPLICE ENCLOSURE

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UGN MANHOLE

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UGN MANHOLE

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UGN MANHOLE

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UGN MANHOLE

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FOBOT/ODF

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FO CABLES - LAN, PATCHCORDS, PIGTAIL, SPLICING

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CPE AND/OR PE SWITCH

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FOBOT/ODF

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FO CABLES - WAN, PATCHCORDS, PIGTAIL, SPLICING

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UGN MANHOLE

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DGME

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GME

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PME

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ROAD CENTRAL AXIS

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ACCESS SWITCH

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FOBOT/ODF

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FO CABLES - DROP, PATCHCORDS, PIGTAIL, SPLICING

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LAN FO CABLE

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LAN FO CABLE

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LAN FO CABLE

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WAN FO CABLE

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WAN FO CABLE

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FO DROP CABLE

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WAN FO CABLE

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EQUIPMENT CONTROLLERS AND POWER SUPPLY

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POWER SUPPLY

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LAN FO CABLES

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WAN FO CABLES

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LAN FO CABLE

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LAN FO CABLE

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WAN FO CABLE

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FO DROP CABLE

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SPLICE ENCLOSURE

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ACCESS SWITCH

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FO CABLES - DROP, PATCHCORDS, PIGTAIL, SPLICING

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FO SLACK

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SPECIMEN STANDARD

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1. ALL CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER PASSIVE PART OF THE ALL CIVIL INFRASTRUCTURE AND OTHER PASSIVE PART OF THE TELECOMM. NETWORK WILL CONFORM TO QNBN STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS. 2. AS ILLUSTRATED IN THE DRAWING, AS PER AGREEMENT BETWEEN PWA AND QNBN, IT IS QNBN'S RESPONSIBILITY TO DESIGN, SUPPLY, INSTALL, TEST, COMMISSION AND MAINTAIN THE FIBER-OPTIC INFRASTRUCTURE - FIBER OPTIC CABLES, PATCHCORDS, PIGTAILS, FOBOT/ODF, SLACK CABLES AND SPLICING. IN ADDITION, QNBN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF UGN DUCTS AND CHAMBERS, UPON TRANSFER. 3. PWA IS RESPONSIBLE FOR ITS DEVICES, ENCLOSURES, GANTRIES, POWER SUPPLY, ACTIVE SWITCHES AND COPPER COMMS CABLING. IN GENERAL, PWA BUILTS UGN DUCTS AND CHAMBERS AND TRANSFERS TO QNBN OWNERSHIP. 4. THIS IS A TYPICAL TELECOM REPRESENTATION FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSE ONLY. PLEASE REFER TO PROJECT DRAWINGS FOR EXACT DETAILS.

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%%ULEGEND:

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LAN FIBRE PATH (QNBN)

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WAN FIBRE PATH (QNBN)

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12 DROP SMFO CABLE (QNBN)

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ITS GME (PWA)

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ITS DGME (PWA)

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ITS PME (PWA)

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DGME, ETC.

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FO CABLE, ETC.

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%%UNOTES:

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COMPONENTS UNDER PWA'S REMIT

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COMPONENTS UNDER QNBN'S REMIT

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UGN MANHOLE

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COMPONENT BUILT BY PWA IF THERE IS ITS REQUIREMENT; IF NOT, BY OTHERS

Ashghal UGN Design Guidelines for Civil Works Version 2.0

S/no MME Road Corridor Width

UGN Provisions

1 Less than 32m a. No default requirements, unless necessitated by PWA ITS networks.

2 Equals to 32m a. A 4-way duct-network, by default, will be provided on one side of the road.

b. If QNBN identifies a govt. building/plot that require a connection, a provision can be made to extend the crossing within the limits of public right-of-way.

c. The above extension will be in the form of duct with ends caped i.e. no manholes.

3 More than 32m but less than 64m

a. A 4-way duct-network, be default, will be provided on one side of the road.

b. The network will be upgraded to both sides of the road only in sections where a government building/plot is identified by QNBN.

c. QNBN will notify Ashghal on location of such as buildings.

4 64m or above a. 6-way duct-network on both sides of the road. b. If QNBN identifies a govt. building/plot that require a

connection, a provision can be made to extend the crossing within the limits of public right-of-way.

Design Notes 1. Longitudinal ducts shall be of UPVC and road crossings shall be HDPE material. 2. Manholes shall be proposed every 250m. JRC14 manholes for 6-way ducts. JRC12 manholes

for 4-way ducts and lesser. At key junctions on corridors of width 32m and above, JRC14 can be considered for a 4-way UGN, provided there are good reasons for this upgrade.

3. Road crossing ducts at every 500m, at intersections and LOWs. The maximum capacity of road crossing ducts shall be 6-way ducts.

4. A provision can be made to extend the crossing where govt. building location is identified by QNBN. This extension will be in the form of duct with ends caped i.e. no manholes, within the public right-of-way.

5. Standard concrete type protection shall be provided at road crossing ducts and at all other required locations.

6. Ducts shall loop at junctions – signalized intersections and roundabouts, not right-in right-outs.

7. Interface shall be provided with existing UGN duct networks (as required) and power cabinets (2-way).

8. Duct terminations at project limits shall be either at a manhole or at end-cap. 9. UGN to conform to ITS-SL allocation, provided within MME Road Corridors. 10. Drawings and Legends shall be titled UGN, and UGN CAD standards shall be followed. 11. QNBN is the Approving Authority for UGN material submissions. 12. Ashghal is the Design Approving Authority for UGN in all road construction projects. 13. Designers to ensure that UGN design is kept optimal and proportionate to the scope and scale

of the road construction project.

Prepared by

Ashghal

Designs Department

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