WaMaFat Integriertes

Wärmemanagement- Fassadenelement

BMWI gefördertes Projekt (seit 6/2011)

Nikolaus Nestle BASF SE LudwigshafeninHaus Forum, Duisburg 10.11.11

Overview

• Multifunctional facades – really new?

• Heat management by insulation today

• Energy management beyond insulation

• WaMaFat: Multifunctional facade concepts with minimal needs for active components

• WaMaFat: The partners

Multifunctional facades

Multifunctional facadesNo separate facade

however: wall multifunctional• Mechanical strength• Shelter against wind• Thermal mass• Feeling of privacy

Multifunctional facadesNo separate facade

however: wall multifunctional• Mechanical strength• Shelter against wind• Thermal mass• Feeling of privacy

Multifunctional facades

Separate facades

• Decorative• Protection of actual

wall against elements

Multifunctional facades

Separate facades

• Decorative• Protection of actual

wall against elements• Improving caloric

performance of wall

Heat management by insulation today

Energy loss in residential buildings

Today’s ETICS*: No energy gain

*: External Thermal Insulation Construction System

Insulation onlyNo use of solar energyPassive

Heat management by insulation today

Energy loss in residential buildings

Today’s ETICS*: No energy gain

*: External Thermal Insulation Construction SystemNestle/GKP/R

Demonstrations-Passivhaus Trier-Petersberg

•Further problem with merely insulated buildings:

•Thick conventional foam layers or

•High-cost and sensitive VIPs

Insulation onlyNo use of solar energyPassive

Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ

Nestle/GKP/R

Challenges: WorkabilityDurabilityMaterial base

Vented sheetsmaking use of Knudsen effect

Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ

Nestle/GKP/R

Challenges: WorkabilityDurabilityMaterial base

Vented sheetsmaking use of Knudsen effect

Innovations in insulation: ways to lower λ

Nestle/GKP/R

Challenges: WorkabilityDurabilityMaterial base

Challenges:Core materials and packaging foils allowing reasonable durablity

Vented sheetsmaking use of Knudsen effect

Vacuum insulation

Even with innovative materials…

Insulation onlyNo use of solar energyPassive

Energy loss in residential buildings

Today’s ETICS*: No energy gain

*: External Thermal Insulation Construction System

With Insulation

ETICS 1.0

Energy management beyond insulation

ETICS 2.0

With Heat

Management

• Reflect or use incoming solar radiation depending on temperature conditions

• Control heat currents between interior and exterior

• Smart heat capacity

• Use as few active elements as possible• Cost• Ease of maintainance

BASF tools for passively mimicking the polar bear’s heat management

ETICS 2.0

With Heat

Management

• Insulation• Various polymer foams• Ongoing projects on advanced

(hybrid) foams

• Storage• PCMs (organic)• Research efforts in inorganic

PCMs

• Heat radiation control• Pigments with tailored absorption

behaviour• Transparent IR reflector foils• Switchable pigments

On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications

Translucent high-performance insulation

Thermally switching reflector pigment

Wall

Air temperature: 22 °C

Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat

Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM)

Suggested system from grant application

Air temperature: 0 °C

UVVISNIR

Exterior

Interior

Protective coating

On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications

Translucent high-performance insulation

Thermally switching reflector pigment

Wall

Air temperature: 22 °C

Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat

Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM)

Suggested system from grant application

Air temperature: 0 °C

UVVISNIR

Exterior

Interior

Protective coating

Incoming solar radiation spectrum

Rough description• About half of radiation

energy in visible and • Half in near infrared

region

Solar radiation management with pigments

On wall: reflect

Solar radiation management with pigments

UVVISNIR

On wall: reflect

On window:Reflect (or absorb) selectively

Solar radiation management with pigments

UVVISNIR

On wall: reflect

On window:Reflect (or absorb) selectively

Absorption:Possible problems due to local heating

Solar radiation management with pigments

UVVISNIR

On wall: reflect

On window:Reflect (or absorb) selectively

In WaMaFat:Reflect (selectively?)in warm environmentLow temperature: transparent

Reflections on reflecting

B. v. Vacano

Reflections on reflecting

Dazzling effects bylarge area direct reflectors

• Lower degree of direct reflections in pigment-based formulations

• Thermoopaque instead of reflecting layers

B. v. Vacano

On the way to advanced heat management systems for construction applications

Translucent high-performance insulation

Thermally switching reflector pigment

Wall

Air temperature: 22 °C

Energy absorber: Solar irradiation (UV+VIS+IR) heat

Wall with increased thermal storage capacity (PCM)

Suggested system from grant application

Air temperature: 0 °C

UVVISNIR

Exterior

Interior

Protective coating

Advanced heat management on conventional facades?

Advanced heat management on conventional facades?

• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness

Advanced heat management on conventional facades?

• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness

• Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m2K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor)

• „Worst case“ heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m2

Advanced heat management on conventional facades?

• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness

• Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m2K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor)

• „Worst case“ heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m2

• Approximate solar energy flow onto (south) facade in winter semester: 100 kWh/m2 (i.e. ca. 23 W/m2)

Advanced heat management on conventional facades?

• Halving heat loss by improved insulation needs doubling insulation thickness

• Limit requirement U-value for walls by EnEV 2009: 0.28 W/m2K (corresponding to 8 cm Neopor)

• „Worst case“ heat flow (40 K temperature difference): 11,2 W/m2

• Approximate solar energy flow onto (south) facade in winter semester: 100 kWh/m2 (i.e. ca. 23 W/m2)

Use solar irradiation to compensate loss heat flow instead of doubling insulation!

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – a very basic setup

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – a very basic setup

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation

• Small heat capacity, good performance only during sunshine

Action in summer:•Unwanted heating

• less severe due to different angle of incidence

• May be combined with shading

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation

• No ventilation• No energy storage

Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation

Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation

• No ventilation• No energy storage

Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation

Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation

• No ventilation• Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m2 using present technology)

Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation

Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation

PCM

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation

• No ventilation• Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m2 using present technology)

Action in summer:• Unwanted heating reduced by ventilation

Air gap for thermal decoupling by ventilation

PCM

Plausible dimensions:

2 cm outer insulation1 cm PCM/strength2 cm air gap

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – refinements

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

Action in winter:• Reduced temperature gradient over main insulation

• No ventilation• Reasonable energy storage by PCM: 250 Wh/m2 (i.e. about 5-8 kg/m2 using present technology)

Action in summer:• Reflection of unwanted solar irradiation (fully passive system)

PCM

Thermo- reflective coating

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

PCM

Thermo- reflective coating

Realistic(dark) U-value

0.8-1.5 W/m2K

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

PCM

Thermo- reflective coating

Realistic(dark) U-value

0.8-1.5 W/m2K

Neopor similar thickness:

1 W/m2K

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

PCM

Thermo- reflective coating

Realistic(dark) U-value

0.8-1.5 W/m2K

Neopor similar thickness:

1 W/m2K

• Reduction of heat flow by 20 % even under dark conditions

• Elimination of heat flow in sunshine (+ storage time up to 5 h)

Preventing the heat flow by local solar heating – Caloric performance

Outer insulation (translucent) and protection

Absorber

Inner insulation

(conventional)

PCM

Thermo- reflective coating

Realistic(dark) U-value

0.8-1.5 W/m2K

Neopor similar thickness:

1 W/m2K

• Reduction of heat flow by 20 % even under dark conditions

• Elimination of heat flow in sunshine (+ storage time up to 5 h)

Superior caloric performance compared tosimilar thickness of insulation

WaMaFat – the consortium

• Vinylit

• BASF

• Fraunhofer ISE

• LUWOGE Consult

• Stockwerk (Fischer Architekten)

WaMaFat – time line and work packages

Nestle/GKP/R 43

AP3 Modelling

Energy flows on idealized facades

AP1 Identify existing materials

AP2 Develop functional components based

on those materials

AP4 ModellingBuilding-

scale simulations

Project time

(months)

0 12 24 36

AP5Defintion

of concept for produceable multifunctional facade system

AP6 Optimization of (existing) materials

AP7 Lab scale validation

of optimized materials

AP8 Building of

demonstrators

Implementation, demonstrators

AP3a

Visions

demands

(holisti

c) Market-driven (time scale 5…10 years)

Materials („Bottom Up“) Technology Push

Modelling („Top Down“) Market- & Future-(Social)-Pull m

odular

(multiple functionalities)

Thank you for your attention