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Penrose, R. 1979 Singularities and time-asymmetry. In General relativity: an Einstein centenary survey (ed. S. W. Hawking & W. Israel), pp. 581-638, Cambridge University Press.

Marchbanks, R. M. 1975 Biochemistry of cholinergic neurons. In Handbook(ed. L. L. Iversen, S. D. Iversen & S. H. Snyder), vol. 3 ( of biogenic amines), pp.247-326. New York and London: Plenum Press.

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I N D E X E S T O V O L U M E 331 (A)Author index

Allardice, R. H. Fuel processing, 381.Aller, R. C. Bioturbation and manganese cycling in hemipelagic sediments, 51.Angel, M. V. Life in the benthic boundary layer: connections to the mid-water and sea floor, 15.Archer, D. See Emerson & Archer.Audley-Charles, M. G. & Harris, R. A. Allochthonous terranes of the Southwestern Pacific and Indonesia, 571.

Baross, J. A. See Jumars et al.Benjamin, T. B., Bona, J. L. & Bose, D. K. Solitary-wave solutions of nonlinear problems, 195.Bluck, B. J. Terrane provenance and amalgamation: examples from the Caledonides, 599.Bona, J. L. See Benjamin et al.Bose, D. K. See Benjamin et al.Brandstetter, A., Broomfield, A. M. & Saitcevsky, B. Development, operational experience and implications for

future design of fast reactors in Western Europe, 367.Broomfield, A. M. See Brandstetter et al.

Charnock, H., Edmond, J. M., McCave, I. N., Rice, A. L. & Wilson, T. R. S. (eds). A Discussion on the deep sea bed, 1.

Childress, S. See Soward & Childress.Collier, J. G. Concluding remarks, 451.Cragg, B. A. See Parkes et al.Curry, G. B. See Dewey et al.

Davies, P. A., Davis, R. G. & Foster, M. R. Flow past a circular cylinder in a rotating stratified fluid, 245. Davis, R. G. See Davies et al.Deming, J. W. See Jumars et al.Dewey, J. F. Concluding remarks, 643.Dewey, J. F., Gass, I. G., Curry, G. B., Harris, N. B. W. & Sengor, A. M. C. (eds). A Discussion on allochthonous

terraces, 455 .Dewey, J. F. & Sengor, A. M. C. Terranology: vice or virtue?, 457.

Emerson, S. R. & Archer, D. Calcium carbonate preservation in the ocean, 29.Ernst, W. G. Metamorphism in allochthonous and autochthonous terranes of the western United States, 549. Eyre, B. L. & Tomkins, B. Structural integrity of fast reactor components, 419.

Foster, M. R. See Davies et al.Fry, J. C. See Parkes et al.Fuller, M. See Lin & Fuller.

Gass, I. G. See Dewey et al.; see also Harris et al.Gooday, A. J. & Turley, Carol M. Responses by benthic organisms to inputs of organic material to the ocean floor:

a review, 119.Griffith, J . D. The fast-neutron breeder fission reactor: development, operational experience, and implications for

future design in the United States, 323.Gross, T. F. & Nowell, A. R. M. Turbulent suspension of sediments in the deep sea, 167.

Hall, P. See Thorpe et al.Hamilton, W. B. On terrane analysis, 511.Harris, N. B. W. See Dewey et al.Harris, N. B. W., Gass, I. G. & Hawkesworth, C. J. A geochemical approach to allochthonous terranes: a Pan-

African case study, 533.Harris, R. A. See Audley-Charles & Harris.Hawkesworth, C. J. See Harris et al.Hennies, H.-H. The fast-neutron breeder fission reactor: safety issues in reactor design and operation, 409. Herbert, R. A. See Parkes et al.Hill, P. S. & Nowell, A. R. M. The potential role of large, fast-sinking particles in clearing nepheloid layers, 103.

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806 Author index

Hirsch, P., Marsham, T. N., Pease, R. S., Eyre, B. L., McHugh, G. & Merrick, A. R. (eds). A Discussion on fast- neutron breeder fission reactors, 287.

Hoffman, P. F. Geological constraints on the origin of the mantle root beneath the Canadian shield, 523.Hori, M. See Sawai & Hori.

Irving, E. & Wynne, P. J. Palaeomagnetic evidence bearing on the evolution of the Canadian Cordillera, 487. Jones, D. L. Synopsis of late Palaeozoic and Mesozoic terrane accretion within the Cordillera of western North

America, 479.Jordan, G. M. & Roberts, L. E. J. Environmental aspects of the fast-reactor fuel cycle, 395.Jumars, P. A., Mayer, L. M., Deming, J. W., Baross, J. A. & Wheatcroft, R. A. Deep-sea deposit-feeding strategies

suggested by environmental and feeding constraints, 85.

Kohler, M. Engineering and design of fast reactors, 301.

Lallement, R. Fast breeder reactor fuel performances, 343.Lin, J. & Fuller, M. Palaeomagnetism, North China and South China collision, and the Tan-Lu fault, 589.

Marsham, T. N. Energy for 1000 years: introduction to discussion, 445.Mayer, L. M. See Jumars et al.Melville, W. K. See Rapp & Melville.Metcalfe, I. Allochthonous terrane processes in Southeast Asia, 625.

Nowell, A. R. M. See Gross & Nowell; see also Hill & Nowell.

Parkes, R. J., Cragg, B. A., Fry, J. C., Herbert, R. A. & Wimpenny, J. W. T. Bacterial biomass and activity in deep sediment layers from the Peru margin, 139.

Pease, R. S. Introductory remarks, 289.

Rapin, M. The economics of fast breeder reactors, 435.Rapp, R. J. & Melville, W. K. Laboratory measurements of deep-water breaking waves, 735.Richards, K. J. Physical processes in the benthic boundary layer, 3.Roberts, L. E. J. See Jordan & Roberts.Rutgers van der Loeff, M. M. Oxygen in pore waters of deep-sea sediments, 69.

Saitcevsky, B. See Brandstetter et al.Sawai, S. & Hori, M. Development, operational experience and implications for future design of fbrs in Japan, 355. Sengor, A. M. C. See Dewey et al.Soward, A. M. & Childress, S. Large magnetic Reynolds number dynamo action in a spatially periodic flow with

mean motion, 649.Sundquist, E. T. Influence of deep-sea benthic processes on atmospheric C 0 2, 155.

Thorpe, S. A., Hall, P. & White, M The variability of mixing at the continental slope, 183.Tomkins, B. See Eyre & Tomkins.Trench, A. General discussion, 641.Troyanov, M. F. The present status of fast breeder reactors in the U.S.S.R., 313.Turley, Carol M. SeeGooday & Turley.

Vendryes, G. The science of fast reactors and why it has been studied, 293.

Wallace, Helen E. See Wilson & Wallace.Wheatcroft, R. A. See Jumars et al.White, M. See Thorpe et al.Wilson, T. R. S. & Wallace, Helen E. The rate of dissolution of calcium carbonate from the surface of deep-ocean

turbidite sediments, 41.Wimpenny, J. W. T. See Parkes et al.Wynne, P. J. See Irving & Wynne.

Yilmaz, Y. Allochthonous terranes in the Tethyan Middle East: Anatolia and the surrounding regions, 611.

Subject index

accidental radioactivity releases, 395. accretion of arcs, 479. advection-diffusion, 649.Afro-Arabian Shield, 533. aggregation, 103.allochthonous terranes, continental, 571. amalgamation, 599. apw paths for Chinese blocks, 589. Archaean, 523.

bacterial activity, 139. benthic boundary layer, 15, 183. benthic boundary layers, 167. benthic organisms, 119. benthopelagic species, 15. biomass profiles, 15. bioturbation, 51. boundary layers, 649. breeder reactors, 289. breeding ratio, 293.

calcite, 155.calcium carbonate preservation, 29. Californian terrane metamorphism, 549. Canadian shield, 523. carbon cycle, 155. carbon dioxide, 41, 155. carbon oxidation model, 69. carbonate, 41. carbonate sediments, 155.Carpathian Mountains, 511. central Pontides, 611. cladding corrosion, 343. climate, 41.compensation depth, 155. continental slope, 183.Cordillera, Canadian, 487.Cordillera of North America, 479. craton, 523.crustal accretion, California, 549. crustal accretion, U.S. Cordillera, 549. crustal growth rates, 533. currents, induced, 735.

deep sediment layers, 139. deep-ocean sediments, 41. deep-sea benthos, 119. deposit feeding, 85. deposition, 103. diagenesis, 85. diagenetic mobilization, 69. diapycnal diffusion, 183.

economics of fbrs, 435. effluent discharges, planned, 395. electricity generation, 367. energy resources, 289.European Fast Reactor, 367, 409. exotic block terranes, 571.

fast dynamos, 649. features, passive safety, 409. fixed-point theorems, 195. flow visualization, 735. food resources, 119. foraging, 85.Frechet spaces, 195. fronts, 3.fuel cladding, 343. fuel cycle, 355. fuel cycle costs, 381. fuel design, 343. fuel, nuclear, 343. fuel processing, 381. fuel transport, 381.

gel precipitation, 381.General discussion, 339. giant dispersal systems, 599. global dose commitment, 395. Gondwana, 625.

hemipelagic sediments, 51.

integral fast reactors, 409. internal waves, 183. irradiated fuel reprocessing, 381.

Japanese fbr development, 355.

kinematic dynamos, 649.

liquid-metal-cooled reactors, 323.

M 2 tides, 183. manganese cycling, 51. manganese reduction, 69. mantle root, 523. marine snow, 103. metabolic rates, 15. metals pore water, 69. metamorphic terrane accretion, 549. mixing, 3.model Nd ages, 533. momentum flux, 735. mox pellet fabrication, 381.

necrophages, 15. nepheloid layer, 103, 167. nonlinear analytical problems, 195. nonlinear integral equations, 195. nuclear energy, 289.

Discussion Meeting, allochtonous terraces, 455 456. Discussion Meeting, deep sea bed, 1, 2.Discussion Meeting, fast-neutron breeder fission

reactor, 287, 288 dispersion, 3. dissolution, 41. dissolution rate, C 0 2, 29.

808 Subject index

obduction of terranes, 479. operational experience (fbr), 355. ophiolites, 533.ophiolites, suprasubduction, 571. opportunistic responses, 119. organic matter enrichment, 119. orogenic evolution, 457. oxidation front, 69.

palaeogeography, 625. palaeolatitudinal displacement, 487. palaeomagnetic signatures of continental

589.palaeomagnetism, 625. palaeomagnetism of China, 589. palaeopoles, 487. palaeotectonic analysis, 511.Pan-African craton, 599.Peru margin, 139. phytodetrital utilization, 119. plate tectonics, actualistic, 511. platform, 523. plutonium fuel, 367. positive-operator theory, 195. prism, 323.Proterozoic, 523. provenance, 599.

rare earth elements, 69.reactor engineering, 301.regional dose commitment, 395.regional metamorphism, U.S. Cordillera, 549.regional tilt, 487.regionally metamorphosed terranes, 549.resuspension, 15.rift-drift, 625.rotating flows, 245.rotations, 487.

safeguards requirements, 395.Sakarya continent, 611. scavenging, 103. sediment maturity, 599. sediment transport, 85. shear layers, 245. sloping boundaries, 3. sodium coolant, 367, 409. sodium spray fire, 409. sodium technology, 301, 313. solitary waves, 195.

collision, southeast Anatolian orogen, 611.steam generator performance, 367. stratified flows, 245. structural integrity of components, 419. Sumba, 571.suspended sediment, 167. sutures, 625. synoptic scale eddies, 3.

Tan-Lu fault, 589. tectonic events, local, 571. tectonics of China, 589.Tethys, 611, 625.Timor, 571. topographic effects, 3. trace elements, 533. transform tectonics, 457. turbulence closure, 167. turbulent mixing, 735. turbulent velocity, 735.

velocity profile, 735. vortex shedding, 245.

waste disposal strategy, 395. whole-core accidents, 409.

End of the three hundred and thirty-first volume (Series A)

PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONSOF

THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

S E R I E S A V O L U M E 331

M A T H E M A T I C A L A N D P H Y S I C A L S C I E N C E S

1990

P U B L IS H E D BY T H E R O Y A L S O C IE T Y

6 C A R L T O N H O U S E T E R R A C E L O N D O N SW1 Y 5 A G

ISSN 0080-4614

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CO N TEN TS

Series A Volume 331

No. 1616 19 June 1990The deep sea bed: its physics, chemistry and biologyA Discussion organized and edited by H. Charnock, F.R.S., J. M. Edmond,F. R.S., L N . McCave, A. L. Rice and T. R. S. Wilson [Plate 1] 1

No. 1617 23 June 1990Solitary-wave solutions of nonlinear problems

By T. B. Benjamin, F.R.S., J. L. Bona and D. K. Bose . . . . . 195

No. 1618 23 June 1990Flow past a circular cylinder in a rotating stratified fluid

By P. A. Davies, R. G. Davis and M. R. Foster [Plates 1-18] . . . . 245

No. 1619 28 June 1990The fast-neutron breeder fission reactor

A Discussion organized by Sir Peter Hirsch, F.R.S., T. N. Marsham, F.R.S.,R. S. Pease, F.R.S., and B. L. Eyre, and edited by G. McHugh and A. R. Merrick . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287

No. 1620 30 June 1990 Allochthonous terranes

A Discussion organized and edited by J. F. Dewey, F.R.S., I. G. Gass, F.R.S.,G. B. Curry, N. B. Harris and A. M. C. Sengor . . . . . . 455

No. 1621 30 June 1990Large magnetic Reynolds number dynamo action in a spatially periodic flow with

mean motionBy A. M. Soward and S. Childress . . . . . . . . . 649

No. 1622 30 June 1990Laboratory measurements of deep-water breaking waves

By R. J. Rapp and W. K. Melville [Plates 1-4] . . . . . . 735

Instructions to authors . . . . . . . . . . . . 801

Indexes 805

PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF STRINGS

EDITED BY SIR MICHAEL ATIYAH, F.R.S., J.R. ELLIS, F.R.S., M.B. GREEN, F.R.S. AND

C.H. LLEWELLYN-SMITH, F.R.S.

S tring theory apparen tly provides an appropriate fram ew ork for a 'theory of ev e ry th in g 1 un ify ing all the e lem en tary partic les an d th e ir in teractions, solving problem s of quan tum gravity , an d casting ligh t on the orig ins of space and tim e. The tw o-day D iscussion M eeting held a t th e Royal Society in D ecem ber 1988 brought toge ther m any of the lead ing physicists and m athem atic ians active in s trin g theory and re la ted areas of m athem atics. F undam ental issues in s trin g theory w ere aired, m athem atical tools w ere p resen ted and questions raised, a ttem p ts w ere m ade to re la te s trin g theory to know n partic le physics, and connections w ith o ther areas of physics w ere discussed.

This volum e brings toge ther contribu tion by m athem atic ians as w ell as physicists, and provides an overview and insigh t into cu rren t developm ents in to both the physical and m athem atical aspects of s trin g theory.

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