Innovation without permission: Government 2...Osimo, 2008. Web2.0 in government: why and how? !...

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1 Forum PA 2010 #fpa_osimo David Osimo - Tech4i2 ltd. Innovation without permission: Government 2.0 tra promesse e realta’

Transcript of Innovation without permission: Government 2...Osimo, 2008. Web2.0 in government: why and how? !...

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Forum PA 2010 #fpa_osimo

David Osimo - Tech4i2 ltd.

Innovation without permission: Government 2.0

tra promesse e realta’

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Una lectio a piu’ mani

44 contributori su Google Moderator

Molte citazioni di attori del gov2.0

6 giganti: Von Hippel, Engelbart, Baumann, Barabasi, Himanen, Titmuss

Ma l’obiettivo non e’ insegnare concetti.

E’ ispirare azioni.

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Struttura dell’intervento

•  il contesto: web e governo 1.0

•  Cos’e’ il government 2.0 e perche’ e’ importante

•  i limiti del government 2.0

•  Che fare? Ma soprattutto, come?

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Possiamo dire di avere ben speso���6.000.000.000 di Euro?

•  1990s: ICT promette di rendere la gestione della cosa pubblica piu’ trasparente efficiente ed orientata all’utente

•  2005+: delusione per il permanere di una cultura burocratica weberiana

Offerta Domanda

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Non solo eDemocracy: il gov20 attraversa tutta l’azione pubblica

Back office Front office

Regolazione Collaborazione inter-agenzie

Knowledge management Interoperabilita’

Gestione risorse umane Procurement pubblico

Servizi pubblici eParticipation

Applicazione della legge Riuso informazione pubblica

Comunicazione Trasparenza e accountability

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Jose Alonso, W3c

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I cittadini monitorano la spesa pubblica: farmsubsidy.org

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Spinea, VE: i cittadini monitorano la p.a.

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Utenti “co-producono”

“Directionlessgov.com is the result of a small effort by members of the Democracy.org.uk Collective. We got so fed up with the general uselessness of the multi-million pound shambles otherwise known as the Direct.gov.uk portal, that we decided to build something better in under an hour. Sadly, we ran catastrophically behind schedule, but we still finished before lunch.”

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Google eroga servizi pubblici

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Non solo cool apps

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Innumerevoli casi, ma senza iniziativa/ finanziamento/permesso governativo

Source: own elaboration of IPTS PS20 project

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Web 2.0 : valori piu’ che tecnologie. ���E sono i valori hacker open source

Valori User-producer, Perpetual beta, Intuitivita’,

Meritocrazia, Apertura, Collaborazione, Many-to-many

Applicazioni Blog, Wiki, Podcast, RSS, Tagging, Social networks, Search engine, MPOGames

Tecnologie Ajax, XML, Open API, Microformats, REST,

Flash/Flex, Peer-to-Peer

Source: Author’s elaboration based on Forrester

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La parola ai protagonisti •  “There are more smart people outside government

than within it” (Bill Joy)

•  “A problem shared is a problem halved ...and a pressure group created” (Paul Hodgkin – PatientOpinion.com)

•  “it’s about pressure points, chinks in the armour where improvements might be possible, whether with the consent of government or not” (Tom Steinberg, Mysociety.org)

•  “many participants in the process dilute the effect of bad apples or unconstructive participants” (Beth Noveck, Peertopatent.org)

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Perche’ il gov20 e’ importante?

Perche’ corrisponde a cambiamenti sociali profondi di una societa’:

•  Liquida, in cui la previsione e la pianificazione sono impossibili

•  Complessa, in cui la P.A. ha un ruolo fondamentale di regolazione ma intervengono di diversi attori (privato, non profit, cittadini individuali)

•  Centrata sull’individuo in rete, in cui il capitale sociale gioca un ruolo fondamentale

•  “Estrema”, in permanente stato critico, in cui gli eventi eccezionali diventano la norma (crisi finanziaria, terrorismo, cambio climatico, nube vulcanica…)

•  Iperconnessa, con una esplosione di dati prodotti 24/7

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Perche’ e’ importante?/2

Perche’ non pre-richiede cambio culturale, ma crea gli incentivi al cambio culturale:

• riduce drammaticamente i costi dell’azione collettiva

• riduce le asimmetrie informative

• Utilizza il “cognitive surplus” e la vanita’

• il potere della visualizzazione

• meritocrazia e peer-recognition invece della gerarchia

• cambia le aspettative dei cittadini

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Prima

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Dopo

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amici

amici di amici

pubblico

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Non e’ una moda passeggera, ma una nuova visione dell’innovazione pubblica

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Innovazione pubblica 2.0

•  Bassi costi abbattono le barriere all’entrata: prima si fa, poi si chiede il finanziamento/permesso

•  Si fa di sabato, nel tempo libero, nel 20% a’ la google

•  Perpetual beta: processo iterativo, guidato dall'utente

•  Dalla pianificazione alla serendipita’: l’innovazione emergente

•  La P.A. non come attore, ma come piattaforma dell’innovazione: la capacita’ chiave e’ coinvolgere gli attori piu’ innovativi (imprese, societa' civile, privati cittadini, funzionari pubblici)

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La P.A.ttaforma

UK Cabinet, “Power of information task force report” Robinson et al.: “Government Data and the Invisible Hand “

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Verso una nuova visione?

Gov 1.0

Gov 2.0

servizi online

open data

Cambiamento generato

Investimento IT Obiettivo flagship > >

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Ma i cittadini non sostituiscono la P.A.

•  Ritornare alle idee di Engelbart: IT “augmenting” invece di “automating”

•  Cittadini e P.A. collaborano in un gioco a somma positiva

27 Il TAO government (Codagnone Osimo 2009)

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I limiti del government 2.0

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Dobbiamo gestire le aspettative e limitare la retorica

•  MySociety.org e Sunlightfoundation.org sono un’eccezione non la regola

•  Non e’ partecipazione di massa ma di una minoranza di cittadini: rilevanza, non rappresentanza

•  Senza “attenzione” e cultura civica, trasparenza e open data non creano cambiamento ma populismo

•  le tecnologie attuali funzionano bene solo con numeri bassi

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La trasparenza non basta

“with the ideal of naked transparency alone--our democracy, like the music industry and print journalism generally, is doomed. The Web will show us every possible influence. The most cynical will be the most salient. Limited attention span will assure that the most salient is the most stable. Unwarranted conclusions will be drawn, careers will be destroyed, alienation will grow.”

Lawrence Lessig, 2009. Against Transparency

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Servono cittadini e funzionari hacker

Ignorano

Leggono

Commentano

Open data

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Chiunque, non tutti

Ignorano

Leggono

Commentano

1

10

100

1000

Open data

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Il government 2.0 finora coinvolge Lisa, ma non Bart Simpson

Hat tip: Carter and Dance, Nytimes.com

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Il gov20 e’ meritocratico, non egualitario

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“Power law distributions tend to arise in social systems where many people express their

preferences among many options” (Shirky 2008)

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Che fare?

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Verso una visione dinamica e non lineare

•  Senso civico non e’“dato”, ma si crea e si distrugge (cosi’ come skills e capitale sociale)

•  La trasparenza, accompagnata da altre misure, stimola il senso civico

•  Gli innovatori hanno oggi un potere mai avuto prima per dimostrare che “si puo’ fare”

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Open data innalzano il livello della discussione: il blog della Casa

Bianca

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1) Non fare danni

•  Non chiudere i dati pubblici – ne’ come formato ne’ come diritti al riuso ne’ come prezzo

•  Non introdurre robots.txt

•  Non proibire i social network sul posto di lavoro

•  Non limitare l’accesso pubblico wifi ad Internet

•  Non lanciare mega-iniziative 2.0 di facciata

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2) Abilitare

•  Dare linee guida per la partecipazione dei funzionari pubblici (vedi UK)

•  Pubblicare dati in formato machine readable e standard (da XML a RDFa – non immagini PDF!)

•  Diffondere la banda larga ubiqua

•  Accettare autenticazioni deboli e di terze parti ove possibile

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3) Incoraggiare

•  Copiare tutto quello che fa Obama

•  Creare un catalogo di dati pubblici (UK, US)

•  Lanciare premi per la realizzazione di servizi gov20 da parte di cittadini e imprese (AU, UK, US…)

•  Investire in educazione: generale, educazione civica, media literacy, formazione avanzata IT

•  Incoraggiare nuovi modelli di partecipazione

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Data.gov non solo in US

UK

Paesi Baschi

Australia

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Belgio, US,

Germania Finlandia, Australia,

Paesi Baschi Olanda

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Diffondere le competenze

Non piu’ ECDL ma competenze 2.0:

1- digital literacy: leggere e capire contenuti audiovisivi ���2- media literacy: produrre contenuti audiovisivi con strumenti free���3- installing: capacita’ di installare software web open source, e dunque di gestire autonomamente i dati. ���4- coding: capacita’ di creare applicazioni web.

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Educazione civica e media literacy: insegnare l’hacking civico

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Ma soprattutto: come farlo?

•  Non iper-pianificare ma esporsi a serendipita’ positive

•  Accettare di perdere il controllo e lasciare liberta’ agli innovatori riconosciuti dalla comunita’

•  Accettare gli errori ma non i ritardi: fail fast

•  Ma la leadership e’ sempre piu’ necessaria: design thinking applicato alle politiche pubbliche (processo iterativo, prototipi, aprire/chiudere, coinvolgimento utente)

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Superare una visione dicotomica dell’innovazione

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Emergente, bottom-up

Pianificata, Top down

Kublai, Rewired State, The Hub, Social Innovation Camp,

Showusabetterway, Appsfordemocracy

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In conclusione

•  Il government 2.0 risponde alle sfide profonde del nostro tempo, anche e soprattutto nel contesto italiano

•  Non e’ un processo dal sicuro successo, ma esige una leadership forte ed una onesta gestione delle aspettative

•  Non mancano strumenti ed esempi, le risorse necessarie non sono enormi: cio’ che scarseggia ormai sono le scuse…

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Grazie

[email protected] @osimod

Maggiori informazioni Osimo, 2008. Web2.0 in government: why and how? www.jrc.es

Osimo, 2008. Benchmarking e-government in the web 2.0 era: what to measure, and how. European Journal of ePractice, August 2008.

Osimo, 2009. A short history of eGovernment: from cool projects to policy impact. In J. Gotze & C. B. Pedersen, State of the eUnion. AuthorHouse.

http://egov20.wordpress.com

http://delicious.com/osimod/eups20