Innovation systems and value chain approaches: From principles to practice
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Innovation Systems + Value chain approaches:
From Principles to Practice
Ranjitha PuskurInternational Livestock Research Institute
January 2010
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Overview of the presentation
Innovation, Innovation Systems and Value Chains
Building innovation platformsGender integrationLearning alliancesScaling up and out
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Why a new research approach?
Dissatisfaction with linear technology transfer model for agricultural development and it’s effectiveness
News ways of improving and integrating the actions of all stakeholders
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Features of new approaches to research
It is about change or “innovation” as an outcome, not just about information, knowledge or technology as a product
It places “research”, as one of the components contributing to the development process, rather than its pivotal point
It focuses on processes and performance rather than just products (technologies, policies). Or, to put it another way, improved processes are the product.
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What IS research is not..not a fixed method, approach or specific
process that can be applied as an alternative to “conventional” research and development
the conceptualisation and practice needs to go beyond methods or approaches to include changes of personal skills, mindsets and attitudes, organisational practices and culture, and the ways in which organisations interact as part of the wider “innovation system”
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Defining principles integrates the perspectives, knowledge and
actions of different stakeholders around a common theme.
integrates the learning by stakeholders from working together.
integrates analysis, action and change across the different (environmental, social, economic) “dimensions” of development.
integrates analysis, action and change at different levels of spatial, economic and social organisation.
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Why is innovation important?
Globalisation
(knowledge
networks, markets)
Institutions (local, national, regional, global)
Markets (consumption,
supermarkets, integration)
Policy (decentralisation,
privatisation)
Population pressure
Climate change
Emerging infectious
diseases
Intensification
Evolving challenges and opportunities
Huge implications for poor and women
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What is innovation?“Process by which knowledge is created, diffused, accessed, adapted, and, most critically, put into use, in economically and socially significant ways”.
Technological Institutional (way things are routinely done) Organisational Policy
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If we always doWhat we always did,We will always get
What we always got!!!
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InnovationInnovation is a social process
involving many different actorsInnovation processes can be
enhanced by creating more possibilities for actors to interact – innovation platforms
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Innovations are the result of learning emerging from right networks of actors working together in certain ways..
These certain ways are rules and norms or routines – called institutional arrangements
Emphasis is on getting the right actors together (key actors along the value chain) and getting them to work in certain way
Simply speaking ..
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Why do we need to pay attention to innovation as a process?
Farmer adopting
integrated system
Research
Technology
Bulker
Packager
Dairy Value Chain
‘PULL’
Trader
Retailmarkets
Supermarkets
Restaurants
Processor
Veg Value Chain
Veterinary Value Chain
Genetics Value Chain
Feed Value Chain
Knowledge
Market Information
Irrigation Value Chain
Seed Value Chain
Organisational
‘PUSH’
How do we get all of these actors working together
to identify problems and co-create solutions
as the value chains evolve?
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Building innovation platforms
Landscaping to identify key actors along the value chain
Understand their habits and practices; incentives and motivations
Outcome mappingJoint actionM&L for course correction and lesson
learning
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Innovation platforms facilitate dialogue between the main local players in the value
chain: farmers, input suppliers, traders, transporters, processors, wholesalers, retailers, regulators, and the R&D community
identify bottlenecks and opportunities in production, marketing and the policy environment
identify market requirements (quantity, quality, and the timing of sales)
analyse existing production strategies identify and implement technologies to improve production to
fulfill market demand
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a fluid entity - evolving membership, drawing in relevant expertise depending on the problem being addressed
helps provide access to credible information and improving information flow
help choose the most feasible solutions to be tested and implemented
generate site-specific solutions to align production with market requirements, which will ensure better prices for smallholder producers.
Innovation platforms
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Major elements of the approach
Knowledge-based, capacitated and responsive system with linked actors
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Integrating gender concerns Analyze gender roles in the value
chains - identify entry points/niches along the chains for their involvement
Analyze their knowledge/capacity needs, sources, access to technologies
Plan activities, set targets, create enabling conditions Capacity building of intermediaries Monitor!
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Livestock system context-Biophysical -Technical-Social -Economic
-Political - Institutional
System diagnosis
Drivers/Factors-Preferences -Policy and institutions
-Knowledge -Culture-Risk and vulnerability –Infrastructure
Environment - Technology
Current state of a agricultural issue
Current actors, alignment and practices
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Pilot testing of interventions
Design of interventions-Capacity building of actors
-Enrolment and alignment of actors -Changes in institutions
-Technical options
BaselineContext DriversActors Linkages
Changes-Actors- Institutions
-Alignment -Organizations-Practices -Policy
M&E andLearning
Lessons and
principles
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Action LearningA process in which a group of people come
together more or less regularly to help each other to learn from their experience.
The experience can be something which is taking place, or more often is set up for the occasion.
It is cyclic, involves action and reflection on that action.
Intended to improve practice.
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How do you facilitate learning?
Periodic meetings and workshops with stakeholders
Joint action planning, implementation Exposure visitsLearning alliancesPlatforms
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Learning alliances
Other Districts
Local level
Regional
National
Sites within district
Non-project sites within district
Learning
Scaling out
Chair
Chair
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Roles of the alliances Advisory
– Facilitate participatory planning– Facilitate scaling up innovations (technical, institutional
and organisational)– Facilitate ownership/institutionalisation
Learning– M&E
• of process and outcomes • of project and alliance activities
– Specific learning events
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What needs to be scaled up/out?
Principles and methods of stimulating local innovation processes
Lessons from experience in supporting institutional change
Lessons in building multi-stakeholder partnerships to create enabling conditions for local innovation processes
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Key questions to steps in scaling out process
What factors can be identified as critical for making sustainable an innovation?– Socio-economic-cultural embedding
How to identify end-users, actors and parties directly or indirectly affected by the introduction of innovation?
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Key questions to steps in scaling out process
How can different actors be involved in the innovation process?
At which stage and to what extent they may influence the change?
What is the best level of participation?
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What is required.. A tool for the analysis, planning and
implementation of sustainable actions A technique that makes use of
participatory methods A systematic approach for dialogue and
co-operation between groups of local actors
A simple and effective way to handle risks and opportunities of stakeholders’ demand and builds relationships with them
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ILRI is creating and integrating knowledge to enable diverse partners to
find innovative solutions to make livestock a sustainable pathway out of
poverty