injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity...

33
1 Dear all Thank you to Robert Thomson who prepared the drinks in July. He has handed over to John and Margaret Marshall who will look after us with their usual efficiency as they have for the month of August for a number of years now. Alex and Pam Rosser are noted as being the drinks “providors” in September. Most of you know the City to Surf is on 13 August and the Blackmore’s Running Festival is on 17 September. We have a new book in our “Library”. Running Strong The Sport’s Doctor’s complete guide to staying healthy and injury‐free for Life. By Jordan Metzl. Let me know if you wish to borrow it. The Bilpin Rural Fire Service are very pleased to announce that the Bilpin Bush Run (formerly known as the Willy2Billy) will take place again this year on Saturday 19th August incorporating two routes. The 31km LONG Course and 16km SHORT Course will both commence at the Bilpin District Hall and wind their way along Mount Tootie Road and into the Wollemi National Park. Participants will face various types of challenging terrain surrounded by stunning mountain vistas. The Bilpin Bush Run is the main fundraising activity undertaken by the Bilpin Brigade and with the monies raised from last years event we were able to upgrade our fire shed and hope to complete that work with with funds generated from this year run. We would like to thank you for you previous support and are hoping that you might consider promulgating the above information to your members. Many thanks for considering our request. Cathy Wilson Brigade Secretary www.bilpinbushrun.com.au Our calendar changes a bit after the City to Surf. 19 August to 2 September 14.0km 9 September to 23 September 12.0km 30 September to 14 October 10.2km 21 October to 30 December 6.5km I have copied in an email from Ron Brew, see below’ Finally, I can now advise we are ready to accept volunteers to assist with the entering of our past weekly times. We have now been entering times each week for the last couple of months. Would those people who nominated before please send me another email indicating your willingness to assist. Donald Garton has been doing all this for us and

Transcript of injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity...

Page 1: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

1

Dear all 

Thank you to Robert Thomson who prepared the drinks in July. He has handed over to John and Margaret Marshall who will look after us with their usual efficiency as they have for the month of August for a number of years now.  

Alex and Pam Rosser are noted as being the drinks “providors” in September. 

Most of you know the City to Surf is on 13 August and the Blackmore’s Running Festival is on 17 September. 

We have a new book in our “Library”. Running Strong – The Sport’s Doctor’s complete guide to staying healthy and injury‐free for Life. By Jordan Metzl.  Let me know if you wish to borrow it. 

The Bilpin Rural Fire Service are very pleased to announce that the Bilpin Bush Run (formerly known as the Willy2Billy) will take place again this year on Saturday 19th August incorporating two routes. The 31km LONG Course and 16km SHORT Course will both commence at the Bilpin District Hall and wind their way along Mount Tootie Road and into the Wollemi National Park. Participants will face various types of challenging terrain surrounded by stunning mountain vistas.

The Bilpin Bush Run is the main fundraising activity undertaken by the Bilpin Brigade and with the monies raised from last years event we were able to upgrade our fire shed and hope to complete that work with with funds generated from this year run.

We would like to thank you for you previous support and are hoping that you might consider promulgating the above information to your members.

Many thanks for considering our request.

Cathy Wilson

Brigade Secretary www.bilpinbushrun.com.au 

Our calendar changes a bit after the City to Surf. 

19 August to 2 September          14.0km 9 September to 23 September    12.0km 30 September to 14 October      10.2km 21 October to 30 December         6.5km  

I have copied in an email from Ron Brew, see below’ 

Finally, I can now advise we are ready to accept volunteers to assist with the entering of our past weekly times. We have now been entering times each week for the last couple of months. Would those people who nominated before please send me another email indicating your willingness to assist. Donald Garton has been doing all this for us and 

Page 2: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

2

we should all be grateful for his fine work. It is hoped that by the end of this year we will have a complete file of all members’ times since our inception in 1974. We have previously entered all times up to 2009. 

Many of this month’s articles are for our walking fraternity. 

Regards 

Alan

Hi Everyone, I am collecting Two Pound UK Coins minted between 1997 and 2016. I need them to give away as prizes at a function I am connected with. At the current exchange they would be worth $3.24, however, I am happy to contribute $5.00 to Jenn Lee's fund raiser for every coin received. If anyone can help me I can be contacted by email at [email protected]  or simply bring them to Saturday morning Trotters. I am hoping to collect at least 20 coins Cheerio 

Ron 

Is Walking a Real Exercise?  

6 Ways Walking Has Real Exercise Benefits  

Brisk Walking with Your Dog.  

Page 3: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

3

Is logging 10,000 steps per day, walking your dog, or going for a 30‐minute powerwalk really exercise? Do you get grief from friends who think their jogging is superior to your walking, or that exercise necessarily involves sweating, grunting, and gasping for breath? Let's take a look at how walking is a real exercise. 

1. Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise 

Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity zone is recommended for the benefits of "real exercise" for the cardiovascular system and to reduce health risks. 

A brisk pace is one where you are breathing harder than normal—you can talk, but you can't sing. If you take your pulse, it should be between 50 percent and 70 percent of your maximum heart rate. Walk at least 10 minutes in this zone for it to count as a moderate‐intensity exercise session. You should aim for a minimum of 30 minutes of moderate‐intensity exercise per day, five days per week, which can be broken up into sessions of at least 10 minutes at a time. Try this 20‐minute brisk walking workout for starters. 

2. Building Aerobic Fitness With Brisk Walking 

Walking is a real exercise that can build your aerobic fitness. Moderate‐intensity brisk walking sessions of 30 minutes, five to seven times per week were found in one study to build aerobic fitness similar to higher‐intensity exercise. If you'd rather reap the benefits with fewer workouts, aim for a fast walk that brings your heart rate into the zone of 65‐75 percent of your maximum heart rate. 

If you do that for 30 minutes, three to four days per week, you will build aerobic fitness. Try this aerobic walking workout for starters. 

3. Walking as Exercise for Weight Control 

The truth about any exercise for weight control is that it can help keep off extra pounds, but controlling what you eat will have the biggest effect. 

The CDC recommends at least 150 minutes per week of moderate‐intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous‐intensity aerobic activity for weight management. But they wisely state that you need to reduce your calories. 

You can't outrun or outwalk what goes into your mouth. Aerobic activity of sufficient duration (45 minutes of brisk walking) will encourage your body to burn stored fat. But if you are eating enough that it's replacing that stored fat, you won't see a change. Brisk walking, fast running, cycling—exercise won't lead to weight loss if you don't control your eating. That said, one large study in Britain found that women who reported brisk walking for exercise were slimmer than women who did gym exercise or sports instead. 

4. Benefits of Easy‐Intensity Walking 

Walking the dog or going for a stroll at an easy pace works your muscles and joints. This is especially beneficial if you are overweight or at risk for arthritis. Strolling at an easy pace reduces the loads on the knee joints by 25 percent while actually burning a few more calories per mile than walking faster. While it doesn't have the cardiovascular benefits of brisk walking, it is a good starting point for adding activity throughout the day. 

The CDC also notes that there is evidence that easy‐intensity exercise has benefits for improving your mental health and mood, which are also improved by moderate‐intensity exercise. 

5. Low‐Intensity Activity Breaks Up Sitting Time to Reduce Health Risks 

Page 4: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

4

Many studies are finding that sitting or simply standing for more than 30 minutes at a time can raise your health risks, even if you do a full bout of exercise at some point in the day. Walking around for one to three minutes every half hour or hour has been shown to be needed to reduce these health risks. 

Getting up and circling the office or house may save your life. One study found that these short, easy walking breaks improved glucose control and insulin response. An increasing number of fitness bands have inactivity alerts to remind you when it's time to get up and move. 

6. Are 10,000 Steps Per Day Really Exercise? 

If you are addicted to your fitness tracker and make the effort to reach 10,000 steps per day, does that mean you are exercising? For most people, that number is an indicator you have engaged in exercise during the day, as it is difficult for most people to log more than 6,000 steps just in daily activity. You could log 10,000 steps at an easy pace, and it wouldn't qualify as moderate‐intensity exercise. 

Many fitness trackers, such as Fitbit, analyze your steps and record those that are aerobic or exercise steps done at a pace they consider fast enough to quality. If you want to ensure you are getting "real exercise," look at that number as well as the step total. 

Bottom Line on Walking as Real Exercise 

Walking is physical activity at any speed you enjoy it, from a slow stroll through a fast racewalk pace. The answer to your smug fitness friends is that a brisk walk is a true exercise, with all of the aerobic cardiovascular fitness effects of other moderate‐intensity exercise. If they are cycling, jogging on the treadmill, or using the elliptical trainer, your brisk walk is giving you the same benefits. 

That said, you should balance walking with other physical activities. You need strength training to build and maintain muscle. Cycling is very beneficial for walkers as it works the opposite leg muscles. It is good to engage in a variety of activities, so all of your muscle groups are challenged and strengthened.  Keep walking, but have a balanced exercise program. 

 

How Fast Is a Brisk Walking Pace?  

Learn how to measure your exertion and speed up your average walking pace  

Page 5: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

5

 

Brisk walking is moderate‐intensity exercise and has more benefits for fitness and reducing health risks than walking at an easy pace. But how fast do you have to walk for it to be considered a brisk walking pace? If you're not at that pace, learn what you can do to improve your walking technique so you can get the most benefits from your walking workouts. 

Brisk Walking Speeds 

A brisk walking pace is 3.0 miles per hour or about 20 minutes per mile, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 

In International units, that is about 5 kilometers per hour or 12 minutes per kilometer. An average easy walking pace would be more than 20 minutes per mile, while a fast pace would be less than 15 minutes per mile. 

However, if you already have a high fitness level, you may not be in a moderate‐intensity exercise zone at at a 3.0 mph pace. You will probably have to walk at a pace of 4.0 mph (15 minutes per mile) to raise your heart rate enough. 

If you wonder how fast you walk, you can use a walking pace calculator after measuring the time it takes you to walk a mile or a kilometer. Walking speedometers and apps can display your walking speed. They are based either on GPS or how fast a pedometer registers your step cadence. 

Achieving Moderate Intensity Exercise 

Brisk walking actually refers to your exertion, which is measured by your heart rate and breathing rate. For your walking pace to be brisk, you need to be breathing harder than usual. 

While you should still be able to speak in full sentences, you shouldn't be able to sing. 

Page 6: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

6

The moderate intensity zone is defined by the CDC as being from 50 percent to 70 percent of your maximum heart rate. This varies by age. The best way to measure exertion is to take a heart rate reading and check the target heart rate chart to see whether you are in a moderate intensity zone for your age. 

Tools to measure your heart rate include taking your pulse during exercise, using an app, using a pulse monitor or readout from your fitness band or smart watch, or wearing a heart rate monitor that detects it with a chest strap. Fitness bands and heart rate monitors will often show your target heart rate zone automatically and enable to you maintain a level of exertion that will keep you in that zone. 

Speeding Up for Brisk Walking 

If you find your usual walking pace doesn't reach the level of brisk walking and you want to speed up, you can work on your walking technique to increase your speed. Many people can increase their walking speed by using better posture, stride, and arm motion techniques. Wearing flexible athletic shoes and clothing that allows free movement will also help you speed up. 

When you adopt a fast walking technique, you can expect to see a boost of 0.5 to 1 mph. You could take two to four minutes off your time to walk a mile. Walking coach Judy Heller says she often sees walkers increase their speed even more after she shows them good brisk walking technique. 

A vigorous walking technique using arm motion and a powerful stride can boost your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity zone. 

But if you are very fit, you may not be able to walk fast enough to raise your heart rate into the moderate intensity zone. You would have to switch to running or using a racewalking technique. 

Walking Techniques for Faster Walking 

You may need to slow down at first and ensure you have the right technique that will enable you to speed up and walk briskly. This technique can be broken down into posture, arm motion, step, and stride. Here are key points for each. 

1. Walking Posture 

Stand up straight, without arching your back.  Do not lean forward or back.  Keep your eyes forward and don't look down. Focus 20 feet ahead. 

Your head should be up so your chin is parallel to the ground, reducing strain on your neck and back.  Relax your jaw to avoid tension in your neck.  Shrug once and let your shoulders fall and relax, with your shoulders slightly back.  Suck in your stomach. Keep your abdominal muscles firm but not overly tightened.  Tuck in your behind by rotating your hips forward slightly. This will keep you from arching your back.  Your head should remain level as you walk, all motion should take place from the shoulders down. 

2. Walking Arm Motion 

Bend your arms 90 degrees.  Move your arms in opposition to your feet. When your right foot goes forward, your right arm goes back 

and your left arm goes forward.  Your arm motion should be mostly forward‐and‐back, not diagonal. It should also be mostly level, without 

reaching up past your breastbone when your arm comes forward.  You should keep your arms and elbows close to your body rather than pointing outward.  On the backswing, think of reaching for a wallet in your back pocket. While you want a good backswing, 

don't exaggerate it and end up leaning. 

Page 7: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

7

Don't carry anything in your hands while walking. 

3. Walking Foot Motion 

Strike with your heel and roll through the step from heel to toe.  If you find that your foot slaps down without rolling through the step, you likely are wearing stiff‐soled 

shoes. Switch to running shoes that are flexible in the forefoot.  Give a powerful push‐off with your toe at the end of your stride. 

4. Walking Stride 

Resist the urge to overstride when you are trying to walk faster. You get power in your stride by pushing off with your rear foot. Your forward foot should strike closer to your body. Pay attention and see whether you are overextending your foot in front of your body. 

You should aim to take more steps of your natural stride length rather than lengthening your stride. What lengthening occurs should be in putting more power into the back of your stride by keeping your foot on the ground long enough to give a powerful push‐off with your toes. 

Your hips should rotate with each stride front‐to‐back, not side‐to‐side. This hip motion will come naturally as part of a good stride and push off. 

Brisk Walking Workouts 

Practice your brisk walking technique as part of you daily walking workouts. When you are first changing your technique, you should build up your time gradually. Start by ensuring you have good walking posture and walk at an easy pace to warm‐up for five minutes. Then you can practice your walking technique for 10 minutes before resuming an easy pace. 

You can steadily build your time using your new technique, adding five minutes per week. You may experience some muscle soreness or shin splint pain when you change your walking technique or shoe model. 

When you are able to walk briskly for 15 to 30 minutes, you can use your new brisk walking technique to build fitness and ensure you are getting the recommended 150 minutes of moderate‐intensity exercise each week to reduce health risks. 

Three Fast Walking Workouts: Use these to build your speed and aerobic exercise capacity.  20‐Minute to 30‐Minute Brisk Walking Workout: Get your daily exercise with this workout.  Maximize Your 15‐Minute Walk: Use your coffee break for a good brisk walk.  Maximize Your Lunch Time Walk: Take a brisk 30‐minute walk for great health benefits. 

You can reduce your health risks and build fitness with brisk walking. Don't worry too much about your speed, as it is your heart rate that determines whether your pace is brisk enough to boost you into the moderate‐intensity exercise zone. If you find that you can't get your heart rate high enough with walking, you may need to add running intervals or switch to running or cycling to get into the right zone. 

Health Benefits of Walking: Prevent Diabetes  

Walking Everyday Reduces Your Risk of Diabetes  

Walking has a lot of health benefits, but what if walking every day could help stop the progression to diabetes and reverse metabolic syndrome? 

A study from Duke University Medical Center shows that walking just 30 minutes a day, six days per week, can lower the risk of metabolic syndrome. One of the conditions that is part of the metabolic syndrome is insulin resistance. 

Page 8: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

8

Ultimately, metabolic syndrome can lead to type 2 diabetes and serious conditions like heart disease and other cardiovascular diseases. 

Walking every day can help stop the progression to type 2 diabetes and reverse metabolic syndrome. In other studies, regular walking has been shown to lower blood pressure, help regulate blood sugar levels, and aid in weight loss. 

How can you get more walking into your life? 

Where to walk? 

It's all about location, location, location. If you live in a neighborhood with sidewalks, or in the country with pretty scenery, then it's easy to find places to walk. If you live in a heavily populated area with a lot of traffic or no safe sidewalks, it can be more difficult to go walking everyday. Fortunately, there are solutions to the where‐to‐walk dilemma. Walking in a group, walking in a mall or using a treadmill are all good, safe walking ideas: 

No time to walk? Break it up. 

Studies have shown that breaking up your half hour of walking into 10‐minute increments gives you the same benefits as walking for a half hour straight. 

Or, you can shoot for steps. Arm yourself with a pedometer and aim for the recommended 10,000 steps a day. 

That way, as long as you achieve your total, it doesn't matter whether you got your steps in one lump sum or throughout your day. 

So, give yourself the gift of a half hour a day to walk your way to health and away from metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. You're worth at least 30 minutes, right? 

20‐Minute Brisk Walking Workout  

Page 9: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

9

 

Take a 20‐minute brisk walking workout to burn calories and slash your health risks. One 20‐minute brisk walk per day will boost you from the deadly "inactive" category. A 20‐minute brisk walk will cover at least one mile. It will burn 70 to 100 calories, depending on your weight. You will add 2000 to 3000 steps to your daily step count. 

A large study showed that you could reduce your risk of early death by as much as 30 percent with a brisk 20‐minute walk each day. 

See how to do this workout and then extend it to a 30‐minute brisk walk as is recommended for daily exercise. 

What is Brisk Walking? 

To count as brisk walking, the CDC says it should be at a 20 minutes per mile pace (3 mph) or more. More precisely, your heart rate should be in the moderate intensity zone, defined by the CDC as being from 50 to 70 percent of your maximum heart rate. 

Find out what pulse rate matches this zone for your age with the target heart rate charts. Take your pulse after a few minutes of brisk walking to see whether you are in a moderate intensity zone for your age. Your breathing should be heavier than usual, but you should still be able to speak in full sentences. 

20‐Minute Brisk Walking Workout 

Your goal is to walk for 20 continuous minutes at a brisk pace of 15 to 20 minutes per mile (3‐4 mph) with your heart rate at 50 to 70 percent of your maximum heart rate. You can use this workout on a treadmill or outdoors. 

1. Get Ready to Walk: If you have been sitting for awhile, you will want to loosen up for a minute before you go for a walk. Stand up start at the top with a few shrugs and shoulder circles to loosen your neck and shoulders. If you like a full stretching routine, use the walking warm‐up stretches 

2. Posture for Brisk Walking: Posture is the key to brisk walking, as it will not only allow you to speed up to a brisk pace, but the right posture enables you to breathe deeply. Stand up straight, suck in your gut, tuck in 

Page 10: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

10

your butt, eyes forward and chin parallel to the ground. See more details about achieving the right walking posture. 

1. Walk at an Easy Pace for 1 to 3 Minutes: This warm‐up period at an easy pace allows you to adjust your walking posture and gets the blood flowing into your leg muscles. You may want to extend this easy pace if you still feel muscle or join stiffness. 

2. Speed up to a Brisk Pace for 20 Minutes: As you speed up, use arm motion to set your walking pace. Your feet will move as fast as your arms move. See more about using walking arm motion. 

3. Take your exercise pulse after two minutes to see if you are in the moderate intensity zone. If you are not yet in the zone, speed up your arm motion to pick up the pace. Check again every five minutes. Pay attention to how hard you are breathing when you are in the moderate‐intensity zone so you can gauge it without taking your pulse. 

4. Cool Down for 1 to 3 Minutes: Finish your walk by walking at an easy pace. You may want to end with the stretching routine. 

When Should You Take a 20‐Minute Brisk Walk? 

Find the best time to make them part of your daily schedule. 

Morning: a brisk walk before work or while walking the dog.  Work breaks or lunch: a brisk walk is perfect for breaking up long bouts of sitting at work or school.  Afternoon: blow out the stress with a brisk walk 

Enjoy two brisk walks, five days per week and you will achieve the minimum recommended level of 30 minutes of moderate‐intensity exercise needed for good health. 

30‐Minute Brisk Walking Workout 

Once you have become accustomed to taking a 20‐minute brisk walk, begin to extend your time at the brisk pace. Begin by adding five more minutes at the brisk pace. Once you are used to that, take it up to 30 minutes of brisk walking. At this level, you are achieving the minimum amount of moderate‐intensity exercise recommended to reduce health risks. A 30‐minute brisk walk, five or more days per week, is also recommended for people with diabetes and osteoarthritis. 

Do You Have Difficulty Getting Into the Brisk Walking Zone? 

Not walking fast enough: Use the tips for how to walk faster to pick up your pace.  If you are very fit, a walking pace may not be enough to reach the moderate‐intensity zone and you may 

need to add incline to a treadmill workout or using a route with hills and stairs for an outdoor workout. If that still doesn't work, you may need to switch to running. 

If you can't walk fast or jog, using fitness walking poles or Nordic walking can raise your heart rate at a slower pace. 

Wrong shoes and clothing to walk faster: Stiff shoes or flimsy sneakers don't allow your feet to move correctly for a powerful walking stride Get fitted for flat and flexible athletic shoes at the best running shoe store in your area. Your walking clothing needs to give you good freedom of movement and wick away sweat. Jeans or dress clothing are often too restrictive and don't allow your legs to move faster. 

Brisk Walking Keeps You Thinner Than Other Exercise  

Page 11: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

11

 

Which exercise is best for keeping off weight? A long term study found that people who enjoyed a 30‐minute brisk walk most days had the smallest waists and lowest body mass indexes. Brisk walking beat gym exercise and sports for staying slim. Brisk walking was associated with being thinner, especially for women, people over age 50, and people with low income. 

Does Brisk Walking Beat Other Physical Activity for Staying Thin? 

In Britain as well as the US and many other countries, health authorities recommend 30 minutes or more per day of moderately intense physical activity for health and weight management. 

The researchers wanted to find out which activity was most effective, and the data showed that brisk walking was the winner. 

How much of a difference was seen? Study author Dr. Grace Lordan says the difference is waist size for a woman who walks five times per week for 30 minutes is 4.3 centimeters, or more than one dress size smaller than the average person in the study. The difference for body mass index (BMI) is almost twice as great for brisk walking compared with gym exercise or sports for women (1.8 units less for walkers compared with 1 unit for gym exercisers). 

What is Brisk Walking? 

Brisk or fast walking is at a pace where you are breathing heavier than normal and the heart rate is elevated. To be in the moderately‐intense activity zone, you should have a heart rate of 50% to 70% of your maximum heart rate. Use our heart rate calculator to find this number for your age. 

The study focused on brisk walking rather than strolling at an easy pace and lower heart rate, in order to compare it to jogging, gym exercise and sports. 

The subjects of the study determined for themselves whether they were brisk/fast walking. 

Page 12: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

12

Study Finds Brisk Walking Associated with Lower Fatness Measures 

The study looked at data collected in the annual Health Survey for England (HSE) from 1999 to 2012. Over 68,000 respondents reported on how many days in the past month they engaged in 30 minutes or more of moderately intense activities. 

The categories were: 

walking at a fast or brisk pace  sports or exercise including swimming, cycling, gym workouts, dancing, running/jogging, football, tennis and 

other racquet sports.  heavy housework  heavy manual activities 

Measurements were made of body mass index, which uses the ratio of height to weight, and measurement of waist circumference. A wider waist shows central obesity, which is associated with developing health problems independently of BMI. 

The exciting results were that brisk walking beats the other activities for predicting who has a lower BMI and smaller waist. The graphs of the data show a consistent downward trend in these fatness measures with the number of days of brisk walking each month. Brisk walking five or more days per week was a good target, consistent with the health recommendations for physical activity. 

Who Benefits the Most from Brisk Walking? 

The good news is that brisk walking worked best for populations who may be less inclined to join in sports or didn't have access to recreational facilities. 

Women  People over age 50 regardless of gender  People in lower‐income households 

The research was conducted by Dr Grace Lordan, a specialist in health economics at the London School of Economics. 

Her paper concludes, "Recommending that people walk briskly more often is a cheap and easy policy option. Additionally, there is no monetary cost to walking so it is very likely that the benefits will outweigh the costs. A simple policy that 'every step counts' may be a step towards curbing the upward trend in obesity rates and beneficial for other health conditions.” 

Why would walking be found to be more effective than spending the same amount of time in the gym? Lordan speculates that walkers may be more faithful to their regimen over time. It can also be harder to know how much of your time spent in the gym is in moderately‐intense exercise and whether you are performing the exercises correctly. 

Walking is much easier to get right and to know when you are breathing harder and working up a sweat, according to Lordan. 

How to Start Brisk Walking 

People who enjoy walking at an easy pace can take steps to walk faster and raise the heart rate and breathing rate into the moderately‐intense zone. Walking  

People who have difficulty in walking faster due to arthritis or other conditions can add walking poles to their walking workouts. Using walking poles can raise the heart rate while walking at your usual pace. 

Page 13: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

13

 Night owls, rejoice: A late workout shouldn’t hinder your sleep. It could even help. 

It is not so much when you exercise that affects sleep but perhaps how consistent you are with your wake time 

and your sleep time as well as with what you eat and when, an expert says.  

 

Although elite athletes and experienced runners compete in the Marine Corps

Marathon, it’s widely recognized that the race is beginner- and family-friendly. That

means there’ll be first-timers at the start on Oct. 22, and second-timers.

Like me.

As I consider a typical beginner 20-week marathon training plan, it’s hard not to notice

how much my weekly mileage will increase throughout the summer months, which in

Washington can be brutal.

Page 14: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

14

On top of that, the schedule includes three runs during the week, up to seven miles

each. If you’re a back-of-the-pack runner, that means you’d need to allow up to

80 minutes of running and between 30 minutes to an hour of warming up and

stretching before and after to prevent injury.

I’m not a math whiz, but adding the extra mileage before work can seem impractical.

Even if you don’t have a 9-to-5 job, running outside in the middle of a summer day in

Washington could be dangerous, according to Adam Friedman, associate professor of

dermatology at George Washington University. In addition to the acute risks of

sunburn and heat rash and the long-term cancer risks of sun exposure, Friedman said,

exercising in a sunny, hot environment can cause fluid shifts in your skin as you sweat,

stretching and damaging your skin and increasing the likelihood of wrinkles and fine

lines.

I was thinking — okay, obsessing — about this, as I was walking to the Metro about 11

on a recent weeknight when I noticed a handful of runners who looked like they were

coming from the Mall.

Running at night? Could I do that?

Wouldn’t exercising at night keep me awake?

I know there are plenty of people of all ages who work out in the early evenings after

work or school, because I see them running in my neighborhood or at the gym. And I’ve

done this myself on occasion. In fact, according to Amanda Kim, a spokeswoman for

Under Armour, the majority of runs logged in the United States in 2016 on one of the

Under Armour apps were at 5 p.m. in the winter and 6 p.m. in the summer months.

Yet as my marathon training approached, I wondered what impact shifting to evening

and possibly night workouts, lasting up to three hours, might have on my sleep.

“Most people used to think it was too energizing to exercise in the evening,” said

Charles A. Czeisler, director of the division of sleep medicine at Harvard Medical

School.

But Czeisler, whose medical practice includes providing sleep consultations to

professional athletes and sports teams, said he’s not aware of any evidence that

supports an adverse impact from evening exercise.

Page 15: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

15

Particularly for people who are training, no matter what time of day, exercise actually

helps to increase the depth, or quality, of sleep, he said.

“Exercise in the evening does not disturb sleep and can even promote sleep a little bit,”

said exercise science specialist Shawn Youngstedt, professor of nursing and innovation

at Arizona State University, who’s in the third year of a four-year study of veterans with

sleep apnea. “Exercise ending even a half-hour before bedtime does not disturb sleep

for most subjects.”

It’s not so much when you exercise that affects sleep but perhaps how consistent you

are with your wake time and your sleep time as well as with what you eat and when,

Czeisler said.

The idea is to try to keep the interval between your first meal and your last meal of the

day on the order of 12 hours or less, according to Czeisler. That means if you’re having

breakfast at 8 a.m. you don’t want to eat dinner after 8 p.m. In addition, eating a meal

after your body begins to release the hormone melatonin, which happens after the sun

sets and helps to maintain glucose levels during the night, he said, can interfere with

your circadian rhythm, which ultimately has the greatest impact on your sleep.

And that’s where evening workouts can be tricky. To train optimally, a person who eats

breakfast at 8 a.m. would need to finish running (and stretching) at least by 7:30 p.m.

to finish eating at 8 p.m., with maybe a half-hour left before sunset. Seem unrealistic?

Maybe. I decided to try a seven-mile run after work, but before I left I checked what

time the sun would be setting. It turned out sunset was about 8:30. So I ate breakfast

later than usual that day, went to work and then ran, getting in just six miles before

stopping at 8 p.m. I did a few quick stretches and ate some chicken and brown rice

leftovers with roasted vegetables. I was in bed by 9:30.

I realize on some days it might not be possible to do everything right. I asked

Youngstedt about this.

“People should exercise when it is convenient,” he said, “when they can consistently do

it.”

“The three pillars of good health are nutrition, exercise and sleep,” Czeisler said. “But

they shouldn’t be at odds with each other. Exercising at 4 o’clock in the morning and

Page 16: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

16

therefore not sleeping or getting up at 5 and losing two hours of sleep in order to

exercise is a bad idea, just as eating in the middle of the night is a bad idea.”

In addition, long-distance running can increase your sleep needs, which can average

between seven and nine hours, depending on your age, Czeisler said. But just as you do

when you travel across time zones, you can adapt your biological clock to your training.

This is especially important to keep in mind about a week before your race so that you

can adjust your rhythm to accommodate the race start time, he added.

Don’t know how much sleep is right for you? The National Sleep Foundation has

guidelines at sleep.org .

Recovery eating that won’t keep you awake 

According to Philadelphia sports dietetics specialist Kelly Jones, if you’re planning to

exercise in the evening, it’s important to eat throughout the day to fuel your workout

and to prevent overeating afterward. Yet don’t be tempted to exercise and then go to

sleep without eating, Jones said.

“The same fueling and recovery principles apply, no matter what time of day you are

moving your body.”

Jones recommends a balanced breakfast and a mid-morning snack, which would allow

you to eat lunch later in the afternoon. You want lunch to be a slightly bigger meal than

usual, she said, while staying away from fried foods and excessive saturated fats. This

way, a snack two hours prior to exercise can help you to fuel your workout and prevent

excessive hunger.

After exercise, you want to consume a combination of carbohydrates and protein within

an hour, she said. This may require some planning and preparation, but in a pinch,

Jones said, you can grab a cup of yogurt to mix with whole-grain cereal and fruit. Tart

cherries added to yogurt and smoothies are great for muscle recovery and have

potential sleep benefits, Jones noted.

Specific foods to avoid at night include anything with excessive sugar or any caffeine,

Jones said.

It’s important to eat even if you’re going to sleep not only because you just exercised,

but also because the growth hormone that is released after you fall asleep (which aids in

muscle recovery) depends on protein and carbohydrates, Jones said.

Page 17: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

17

She added that if you’re exercising for longer than an hour, even in the evening, you

should consider fueling during the workout. Many popular sports gels and energy

drinks contain caffeine, however, so check the label before consuming, she said.

Czeisler noted that caffeine can stay in your system for up to nine hours. This means

you could still experience the effects of about half the amount of caffeine from the

cappuccino you drank at lunchtime as late as 9 p.m.

Underweight Female Runners More Likely To Get Stress Fractures Carrying less weight may make female runners faster, but a new study from The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center shows it may also put them at a higher risk for injuries.

Published in Current Orthopaedic Practice, the study found that female runners who have a body mass index (BMI) of less than 19 are at a higher risk of developing stress fractures than women with a BMI of 19 or higher. It also found that lighter women who suffered stress fractures took longer to recover from them than other runners.

“We found that over time, we were able to identify the factors that put female runners at an increased risk of developing a stress fracture,” said Dr. Timothy Miller, assistant professor of clinical orthopaedic surgery and sports medicine. “One of the most important factors we identified was low body weight, or low body mass index.”

Miller said runners endure repetitive pounding on hard surfaces and, without enough lean muscle mass for dissipation of impact forces, the bones of the legs are vulnerable.

“When body mass index is very low and muscle mass is depleted, there is nowhere for the shock of running to be absorbed other than directly into the bones. Until some muscle mass is developed and BMI is optimized, runners remain at increased risk of developing a stress fracture,” Miller said.

For three years, Miller and his team looked at injuries in dozens of Division I college athletes using the Kaeding-Miller classification system, which he developed with another sports medicine expert at Ohio State. This system is unique in that it characterizes injuries on a scale of 1 to 5, taking into consideration not only the patient’s symptoms, but also x-ray results, bone scan and computed tomography (CT) images, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings.

Among those with grade 5 stress fractures – the most severe – the research team found that women whose BMI was 19 or higher took about 13 weeks to recover. Those with a low BMI (below 19), took more than 17 weeks to recover and return to running – a full month longer.

Studies show that between 25 and 50 percent of track athletes have at least one stress fracture in their career, with an increased incidence in female track athletes.

“It’s imperative that women know their BMI and work to maintain a healthy level. They should also include resistance training in their training regimen to strengthen the lower leg to prevent injury, even if that means adding weight from additional muscle mass,” Miller said.

Page 18: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

18

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the body mass index for an average woman is 26. Miller suggests female athletes maintain a body mass index of 20-24.

Knee Pain When Running  

Does pain in your knees frequently prevent you from running or force you to cut some of your runs short? Knee pain is a common concern among runners and often gets lumped under the general category of “runner’s knee,” making it difficult for runners to figure out how to treat it and prevent it in the future. 

Where Does It Hurt? 

Check out the descriptions below to determine why you may be feeling knee pain when running and what you can do about it. 

Of course, it’s important to keep in mind that if you’re feeling pain and don’t notice any improvement after a week or so of self‐treatment, you should make an appointment with a physical therapist or doctor for evaluation and treatment. 

Location of Pain: Side of Knee Possible Injury: Illiotibial Band Syndrome 

If you feel a sharp, stabbing pain on the outside of your knee, you may be dealing with illiotibial band syndrome (ITBS), a very common running injury among runners. 

The illiotibial band (ITB) is a band of tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh—from the top of the hip to the outside of the knee. It stabilizes your knee and hip during running. When the ITB becomes short, the band rubs too tightly on the bone. The outside knee area can become inflamed or the band itself may become irritated, causing pain. Overtraining is the most common cause, but running on a banked surface, inadequate warm‐up or cool‐down, or certain physical abnormalities may also lead to ITBS. 

To self‐treat ITBS, give yourself plenty of rest, reduce your miles and ice your knee frequently to reduce the inflammation. Anti‐inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen can also help get the swelling down, but make sure you take them with food. You can keep running, but cut your run short as soon as you begin to feel any pain. 

Cut back on hill work, and make sure you run on even surfaces. 

If you're starting to notice the early signs of ITBS (ITB tightness and twinge at the outside of the knee), you can prevent it from getting worse by consistently doing strength and flexibility work done two to three times a week. Rolling your ITB with a massage tool such as the Stick or a foam roller on a regular basis can also make a huge difference. 

You may also want to see a physical therapist for deep tissue massage. Try some leg‐raise exercises to strengthen your hips and be conscientious about stretching your ITB and quads. Make sure you're stretching and rolling both legs, as some runners focus on the injured leg and then end up developing ITBS in the other leg. 

Like most running injuries, if you don't determine and treat the root cause of the injury, you're likely to suffer from ITBS again. If you've had it in the past, make sure that you're wearing the right running shoes for your feet and running gait. It's also worth having a physical therapist do an assessment to determine any weak areas that may be causing the problem. Those who suffer from ITBS often have weakness in their hips. 

Try to incorporate regular strength training into your routine. 

Page 19: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

19

Exercises such as single‐leg balance moves, side leg lifts and clamshells are particularly beneficial for those prone to ITBS. Regular foam rolling of your IT band is also crucial to ITBS prevention. 

Location of Pain: Knee Cap Possible Injury: Runner’s Knee 

If you have soreness around the front of or possibly behind the kneecap, you may be dealing with runner's knee, also known as patella femoral pain syndrome or anterior knee syndrome. Runner’s knee is often aggravated by running downhill, squatting, going up or down stairs, or sitting for long periods of time. 

Runner's knee is usually caused by weakness in the middle quadriceps muscles and tight hamstrings or IT bands. 

Your quads should hold your kneecap in place, so it tracks up and down. But if you have some muscle weakness or imbalance in your quads, your kneecap moves left and right and ends up scraping your cartilage, causing painful friction and irritation. 

To treat runner’s knee, you can reduce the pain and inflammation by icing your knees immediately after running. Work on strengthening your quad muscles, which will help support and stabilize your kneecap. You can do simple exercises, such as forward lunges or straight leg raises. Stretching your hamstrings and rolling your IT bands can also help. 

You should take a couple days off from running or cross‐train, as long as it's pain‐free. You know it’s safe to start running again when you're able to run with your normal gait and not compensate because of knee pain. 

To prevent runner’s knee in the future, make sure you’re wearing the right kind of running shoes for your foot type. Also, make sure you're not running in worn‐out shoes, as lack of shoe cushioning could also lead to runner's knee. You should replace your shoes every 300‐400 miles. 

Although some runners can treat and prevent future runner's knee by following the above steps, others may need further treatment. You may need to visit a physical therapist who can give you the proper stretches and exercises. If your runner's knee is caused by overpronation (foot rolling inward when you run), you may need to see a podiatrist about getting custom‐fitted orthotics. 

Location of Pain: Top of Knee Cap to Top of Shinbone Possible Injury: Patellar Tendinitis 

Pain on the top of your knee cap to the top of your shinbone may be an indication of patellar tendinitis, a common overuse injury. Patellar tendinitis is caused by repeated stress on your patellar tendon, which runs from the kneecap (patella) to the shinbone (tibia). The stress results in tiny tears in the tendon, which your body attempts to repair. You’ll feel pain as the tendon becomes inflamed and weakened. 

You may first notice the pain after a run, but it eventually gets worse, as the tears in the tendon multiply, and you’ll then start to feel it while running. 

To treat patellar tendinitis, try self‐care measures first, such as icing the area and taking a few days off from running. You should consult your health care professional if you notice a lot of swelling, the pain continues or worsens, or interferes with your ability to perform daily activities. 

Location of Pain: All Over Knee Possible Injury: Meniscus Tear 

The symptoms of a meniscus tear include general knee pain, swelling all over the knee, a popping sensation during the injury, knee stiffness (especially after sitting), a feeling as though your knee is locked in place when you try to move it, and difficulty bending and straightening that leg. 

Page 20: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

20

Meniscus (knee cartilage) tears can happen when a person changes direction suddenly while running or suddenly twists their knee. Older runners are more at risk, as the meniscus weakens with age. Runners more commonly injure the medial meniscus (central meniscus attached to the tibia or shinbone) rather than the lateral meniscus (on the side of the knee). 

Treatment for meniscal tears depends on the size and location of the tear. Sometimes small tears heal on their own with the proper treatment. 

Your doctor will most likely recommend rest (no impact activities), anti‐inflammatory medication, and icing your knee to reduce pain and swelling. Ice your knee for 15 to 20 minutes every 3 to 4 hours for 2 to 3 days or until the pain and swelling is gone. Your doctor or physical therapist may also give you some gentle strengthening and stretching exercises to do. If a tear is large, unstable, or causing locking symptoms, you may need surgery and subsequent physical therapy. 

To avoid meniscus tears in the future, make sure you're wearing the correct running shoes for your foot and running style, since wearing the wrong shoes may make you vulnerable to falls or twisting your knee. Do exercises to strengthen the muscles that support and stabilize the knee, so you keep your knees more injury‐resistant. 

Location of Pain: Over the Kneecap or on Inner Side of Knee Below the Joint Possible Injury: Knee Bursitis 

If you’re feeling pain over your kneecap or on the inner side of your knee below the joint, you may be dealing with knee bursitis, an inflammation of a bursa located near your knee joint. A bursa is a small fluid‐filled, pad‐like sac that reduces friction and cushions pressure points between your bones and the tendons and muscles near your joints. When it’s inflamed, the affected portion of your knee may feel warm, tender and swollen when you put pressure on it. You may also feel pain when you move or even at rest. 

In runners, overuse may lead to pain and inflammation in the anserine bursa, located on the inner side of your knee below the joint. To ease pain and discomfort of knee bursitis, you can use the R.I.C.E. method of self‐treatment. 

If you don’t notice any improvement after seven to ten days, get checked out by your health care professional. Your doctor may refer you to a physical therapist or specialist in sports medicine, who can prescribe exercises to improve flexibility and strength. This therapy may alleviate pain and prevent future occurrences of knee bursitis. More invasive treatments for knee bursitis treatment may include corticosteroid injection, aspiration, or surgery. 

Location of Pain: Back of Knee Possible Injury: Distal Hamstring Bursitis 

If you’re feeling pain at the back of your knee, right at the top of your calf, you may be dealing with another type of bursitis, distal hamstring bursitis. It’s usually a result of hamstring tightness and friction, which causes the bursa to become inflamed. 

To treat distal hamstring bursitis, you should work on loosening up your tight hamstring, through stretching, rolling, and massage. If it's extremely tight, you may also need physical therapy with cross‐frictional massage, electrical stimulation, and ultrasound. 

Meniscus Tear Symptoms, Prevention, and Treatment  

Page 21: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

21

 

A meniscus tear is one of the most frequently occurring cartilage injuries of the knee. The meniscus is a cartilage in your knee that helps the knee function smoothly, provide cushioning and shock absorption, improve your weight distribution, and stabilizes the joint. 

Symptoms: 

Symptoms of a meniscus tear include pain in the knee, swelling, a popping sensation during the injury, knee stiffness (especially after sitting), a tendency for your knee to get "stuck" or lock up, and difficulty bending and straightening that leg. 

Cause: 

Meniscus tears can happen when a person changes direction suddenly while running. Although they're more common in athletes who play contact sports, meniscus tears can happen to runners. In runners, the meniscus is often injured by a twisting motion or a blow to the side of the knee. Older athletes are more at risk since the meniscus weakens with age. Runners more commonly injure the medial meniscus (central meniscus attached to the tibia or shinbone) rather than the lateral meniscus (on the side of the knee). 

Prevention: 

Make sure you're wearing the correct running shoes for your foot and running style, since wearing the wrong type of shoes may make you more prone to falling or twisting your knee. Do exercises to strengthen the muscles that support and stabilize the knee, so you can make your knees more injury‐resistant. 

Treatment: 

Page 22: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

22

Treatment for meniscal tears depends on the size and location of the tear. 

If your knee is not locking up, is stable, and the symptoms go away, you may not need surgery. Sometimes small tears heal on their own with the proper treatment. 

Your doctor will definitely prescribe rest (no impact activities) and icing your knee to reduce pain and swelling. Ice your knee for 15‐20 minutes every 3‐4 hours for 2‐3 days or until the pain and swelling is gone. 

You can also follow the other steps in R.I.C.E. treatment by compressing your knee with an elastic bandage or a neoprene type sleeve on your knee to control swelling and elevating it with a pillow under your heel. 

Your doctor may also prescribe anti‐inflammatory medication and give you stretching and strengthening exercises to do. 

If a tear is large, unstable, or causing locking symptoms, you may need surgery to either repair or remove unstable edges. The procedure is usually pretty simple, and you can often go home the same day. You may need some physical therapy and to wear a brace afterward for protection if a surgery is done. 

Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome  

Physical Therapy Management and Treatment for ITBS  

 

If you have Iliotibial band friction syndrome (ITBS), you may benefit from the skilled treatments of a physical therapist to help relieve your pain and improve your mobility. 

Iliotibial band friction syndrome is a condition that occurs when abnormal rubbing or friction occurs at the side of the knee where the iliotibial band (IT band) crosses. The abnormal rubbing causes the IT band to become inflamed and can cause knee pain. 

Page 23: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

23

Occasionally the pain can be felt up and down the outside of the affected thigh and may even be felt as hip pain. 

What Is the Iliotibial Band? 

The iliotibial band is a thick band of tissue that runs on the outer part of the thigh between the hip and the knee. As it crosses the knee it passes over the lateral epicondyle of the femur (thigh bone). It attaches to the front of the shin bone, or tibia. There is a bursa beneath the IT band that helps the band glide smoothly when you bend and straighten your knee. 

What Are the Symptoms of ITBS? 

Common symptoms of ITBS are burning pain in the outside part of the knee or pain over the outer part of the thigh or hip. The burning pain typically occurs during exercises that require repetitive bending and straightening like cycling or running. 

What Causes ITBS? 

There are many causes of ITBS. Occasionally, tight muscles around the hip and the knee can cause abnormal friction between the IT band and the bones of the hip or knee. 

The IT band may be subjected to rubbing forces as it passes over bony prominences near the knee. Weakness in muscles around the hip and thigh may also contribute to ITBS. Improper foot position, such as over pronation while running, may also be a source of ITBS. Since the causes of ITBS are multifactorial, a focused evaluation by your doctor and physical therapist can help lead to proper management of the problem. 

Physical Therapy Evaluation for ITBS 

If you are experiencing pain in the outer part of the hip or knee, you may have ITBS. Sometimes the symptoms of ITBS are short lived and can go away with rest. If your pain is persistent or interferes with normal activity, you should see your physician to help you initiate the proper treatment. A physical therapy evaluation may be necessary to help discover the causes of the problem and lead to proper management. 

The physical therapy evaluation for ITBS usually starts with a focused history. Be prepared to tell your physical therapist when your symptoms started and how specific activities affect your symptoms. The history helps your physical therapist choose where to focus the evaluation. Tests and measures may include: 

Muscle flexibility. Muscles of the hips and legs are usually assessed to see if tightness may be causing abnormal friction between the IT band and the bones of the knee. 

Muscle strength. If you have ITBS, muscle weakness may be present in the thigh, hips or legs. This weakness may lead to an abnormal position of the knee during activities like running and cycling, causing rubbing of the IT band against the bones of the knee. 

Range of motion. Range of motion measurements may be taken at the knee, hip or ankle to assess if decreased mobility of those joints is contributing to your problem. 

Special tests. The Noble Compression Test is a special test for ITBS. During this test, the IT band over the outside part of the knee is pressed while the knee is flexed and extended. A positive test yields intense burning over the IT band when the knee is almost fully straightened. Ober's test is a special test to measure the flexibility of your IT band. Your physical therapist may perform other tests to ensure that your knee ligaments or meniscus are not causing your problem. 

Gait evaluation. A gait evaluation may be performed to assess the movement and position of your hips, knees, and feet as you walk or run. The position of your foot may also be assessed to see if there is overpronation, a common foot alignment problem, may be causing your symptoms. 

Page 24: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

24

Once your PT has performed an evaluation, he or she will work with you to develop a treatment program specifically for your condition. 

Treatment for ITBS 

Acute Phase. The first three to five days of pain in the knee or hip are considered the acute phase of injury to the IT band. During this time, avoidance of the activity that caused the pain is recommended. Ice to the affected area can help control the inflammation. Ice should be applied for 15 to 20 minutes several times per day during the acute phase. 

Subacute Phase. After five to seven days of relative rest and icing the injured tissue, gentle motion can be started to help ensure proper healing of the IT band. During this time stretching of the IT band and the supporting muscles can be started. Simple knee strengthening and hip strengthening exercises may be started if indicated by your doctor or physical therapist. 

Return to Activity. After a few weeks of gentle strengthening and stretching, more aggressive exercises can be performed to ensure that the IT band is able to tolerate the forces that it may encounter during your athletic activity. Advanced hip strengthening exercises can be started to ensure that the hip and abdominal muscles are providing proper support. If foot pronation is a problem, orthotics or inserts may be tried in the shoes to correct the problem. 

Iliotibial band friction syndrome usually lasts about six to eight weeks, depending on the severity of the injury. If your symptoms are persistent, a follow‐up visit with your physician may be necessary to see if more invasive treatment options, like cortisone injections, are warranted. 

Pain on the outside of your knee or hip can limit your ability to walk, run, cycle, or participate fully in normal recreation. By starting treatment early and by following the advice of your physical therapist and doctor, you may be able to abolish the pain from ITBS and return to normal activity quickly and safely. 

Running multiple marathons does not increase risk of atherosclerosis 

Running multiple marathons does not increase the risk of atherosclerosis, according to research published in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology.

"There has been a debate over whether intensive endurance exercise such as marathon running may be dangerous for the heart," said lead author Dr Axel Pressler, Head of the Prevention Centre, Technical University of Munich, Germany. "Previous studies found that after running a marathon, the same cardiac biomarkers were acutely elevated as after a heart attack."

"Other research discovered increased coronary atherosclerosis in marathon runners as a potential chronic consequence of running" he continued. "However, this may have been due to exposure to traditional risk factors such as current or past smoking."

This study aimed to find out whether running itself could induce the early development of atherosclerosis. It therefore included only healthy men without any history of cardiovascular risk factors such as cardiovascular disease, hypertension or smoking.

Pre-atherosclerotic changes to the function and structure of the blood vessels were evaluated by increased stiffness of the arteries, increased intima-media-thickness (due to early atherosclerosis), and endothelial dysfunction, which indicates an impaired reaction of the vessel to blood flow.

The study included 97 participants of the 2013 Munich marathon who had already completed multiple events. Each participant did an exercise capacity test to measure peak oxygen uptake, and gave their training history. The finishing time for the marathon was recorded for each runner.

Measurements of arterial stiffness, intima-media-thickness, and endothelial dysfunction were taken before and after the event.

Page 25: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

25

Prior to the current marathon, participants had successfully finished a median of 11 running events which included half marathons, full marathons, and ultramarathons. The average weekly and annual training distances were 59 km and 1 639 km, respectively.

Runners had normal mean values for arterial stiffness, intima-media-thickness, and endothelial dysfunction. There was no association between exercise capacity, marathon finishing time, number of completed races, or weekly and annual training distances with arterial stiffness, intima-media-thickness, or endothelial dysfunction.

The only characteristic of the runners that was independently associated with the three measurements of pre-atherosclerosis was age.

"When we get older our arteries get stiffer and are not so elastic anymore," said Dr Pressler. "Our study shows that runners who have finished 20 marathons do not have stiffer arteries or more impaired vessel function than people of the same age who have finished five or zero marathons."

"We can conclude that marathon running itself is not a risk factor for atherosclerosis," continued Dr Pressler. "It appears that you can run as many marathons as you want and not be in danger of developing impaired blood vessel function or atherosclerosis."

While running multiple marathons did not have a deleterious effect on the blood vessels, it did not have a positive effect either. Dr Pressler said: "Running had a neutral effect on the blood vessels. The state of the blood vessels in these runners depended solely on their age."

The findings are good news for runners, but Dr Pressler warned that marathons do put strain on the body and participants should ensure they are prepared through training, nutrition, and appropriate hydration.

He concluded: "Many people are interested in marathon running and are doing ambitious recreational sports. Our study shows that running multiple marathons is not risk factor for atherosclerosis."

10 Fun Ways to Add Balance Exercises to Your Walks  

Spice Up Your Walks and Train Yourself for Better Balance  

Balance is an asset at any age and level of physical fitness. By adding extra balance challenges as you walk, you will train yourself to be better able to maintain your balance and agility when you have to make a sudden move, such as in sports. You can also be better able to respond to tripping and slipping hazards, whether hiking a rough trail or in daily life. 

Even simple walking is an activity that challenges your balance response. You shift your center of mass with each step. Your body must sense and respond to this to catch yourself and make the next step rather than falling. By adding extra balance exercises, you increase the effect. 

Balance exercises are recommended for anyone who is at risk of falling, especially for those over age 65, who should do balance training three or more days per week. 

Before You Start: Check Your Posture 

Good walking posture is essential for enhancing your balance. Stand up straight, shoulders back and relaxed, chin parallel to the ground, eyes forward, suck in your stomach, tuck in your behind and rotate your hips slightly forward. You shouldn't have any lean, forward or backward, and your back should not be arched. 

1  

Heel to Toe Walk  

Page 26: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

26

 

This classic balance training exercise is one you can do indoors or outdoors. It is recommended for all levels. You can repeat it often: 

Stretch your arms out from your sides to help maintain balance.  Keep your chin up and parallel to the ground, looking forward.  As you take a step, place the heel of your foot just in front of the toe of your other foot.  Walk a straight line in this heel‐to‐toe fashion. It will feel as if your body is swaying from side to side.  Take 10 to 20 steps heel‐to‐toe. 

2  

Walk on Your Heels, Then on Your Toes  

  

Page 27: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

27

Doing short drills of walking on your heels only and then your toes only will help train your muscles: 

These drills should only be done after you have warmed up by walking for at least five minutes.  Walk for 10 steps on your heels only, with your toes raised from the ground.   Walk normally for 10 steps.  Now switch to walking on your toes only for 10 steps, with you heels raised off the ground.  Repeat for a couple of minutes. 

If you feel any strain in your calves or the sole of your foot at first, take it easy with this exercise. If you tolerate it well, you can increase the number of steps you take to 15 or 20 at a time before switching. 

3  

Balance Walk  

  

This balance exercise adds another challenge as there is a pause while on one foot throughout the walk. 

Start with your arms stretched out from your sides, at about shoulder height.  Focus on a spot several feet ahead of you, with your chin up and not looking at the ground.  Begin to walk. As you lift your rear leg and bring it forward, pause with your knee up for one second before 

placing your foot on the ground, stepping forward.  Now do the same with the other leg. As you bring it forward, pause for one second with your knee up before 

placing that foot ahead of you.  Repeat for 20 steps. 

4  

Sidesteps and Grapevines  

Page 28: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

28

  

Sidesteps can help you develop your balance while moving sideways. These moves can be jazzed up as a little bit of a dance. 

Start with simple sidesteps while you are waiting for a crossing signal, stepping sideways with the outer foot and bringing the other foot to meet it. Take three steps left and then three steps back to the right, repeating as needed, keeping your eyes forward. 

While walking, turn sideways and keep your head facing your direction of movement. Sidestep to continue moving in your original direction, leading with the forward foot and bringing the rear foot to meet it. Continue for five to 10 steps. Then turn to switch sides and continue for five to 10 steps leading with the other foot. 

If you are feeling confident, add some grapevines. These are crossover sidesteps. As you sidestep, cross one foot other the other, alternating. 

5  

Stand on One Foot  

Page 29: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

29

  

This single leg stance exercise is a basic one for all fitness levels. When you have to stop during your walk, such as when you are waiting for the pedestrian signal to cross the street, use the opportunity to stand on one foot for several seconds, then switch to standing on the other foot. 

You may want to be close to a wall or pole you can place a hand on for stability, as needed.  Once you can balance for 60 seconds, try doing it with your eyes closed.  If you are agile enough, you can balance on objects such as tree stumps, bollards, or other objects for fun. 

6  

Backward Walking  

Page 30: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

30

  

Walking backward is a balance challenge. It's best to do this with a friend as your spotter, warning you of any tripping hazards. 

Select a place where it will be safe, away from street crossings, traffic, and other pedestrians.  Turn around and continue to walk in the same direction as before. Take five to 10 steps, then return to a 

forward position. Repeat when you are in a safe area.  You can also try backward walking on a treadmill, starting at slow speed. 

7  

Head Turning Walk  

Page 31: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

31

  

This walk is a little more advanced and you'll want to do it on a path where you know there are no obstacles. You will be turning your head left, right, up, down, and side to side, shifting your focus while walking. 

Begin walking. Every other step, turn your head to the left, then to the right. Continue this for 10 repetitions. 

As you continue to walk, now move your head up and down every other step. Continue this for 10 repetitions. 

As you continue to walk, now tip your head towards your shoulder on the left, then right, every other step. Continue for 10 repetitions. 

8  

Balance While Walking on a Log or Curb  

Page 32: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

32

  

Look for opportunities on your walk to balance as you walk on a log, railroad tie, raised curb, or a similar surface.  This takes the heel‐to‐toe walk up a notch, as you will have to keep your stride in a perfect line. You may want a friend to act as your spotter and lend a shoulder or hand if you need a point of balance. 

As you are building your balance, you might select a surface that is raised only an inch or two off the ground. You can choose taller logs, beams, or curbs once you are more confident. 

Try your normal speed of stride as your body will often compensate better at your usual pace than when going slow. 

Try it at slower and faster paces to see how it feels and for a different level of challenge. 

9  

Serpentine or Zig Zag Walk  

 

Page 33: injury‐free for Life - WordPress.com · 2017-10-29 · Brisk Walking Is Moderate‐Intensity Aerobic Exercise Walking at a brisk pace that raises your heart rate into the moderate‐intensity

33

 

Your body will need to adjust its balance every time you shift directions. You can do this by walking a figure eight around two points that are five or more feet apart, or by zig zagging back and forth as if walking around cones in a slalom run. 

On a sidewalk, walk three steps angling to one side of the walk and then switch to angling for three steps towards the other side. Repeat several times. 

This technique is a good one to use when going downhill, making your own short switchbacks. 

10  

Ball Toss, Catch, or Dribble  

 

Bring along a ball to play with as you walk. This will enhance your balance and coordination. 

Toss the ball up and catch it as you move forward.  Dribble a basketball as you walk.  Toss a ball back and forth with your walking partner.