Injection techniques in equines and canines
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Transcript of Injection techniques in equines and canines
SAFTEY FIRST
PRECAUTIONS
Maintain a proper and safe distance.
Wear gloves.
Read the label.
Make sure you use the sterile syringe & needle.
Choose appropriate needle size.
Clean the injection site.
Dispose off the syringes & needles properly.
VENIPUNCTURE
First, find the jugular vein.
Locate the jugular furrow.
Occlude the vein.
Raise the head.
Watch for the rise of the vein.
Push the patients head slightly away from you while holding it up.
Wet the hair with alcohol.
If your patient is anesthetized, place a pillow under the neck.
SITE
JUGULAR VEIN AND COMMON CAROTID ARTERIAL ANATOMY AS IT AFFECTS THE IV INJECTION
NEEDLE PLACEMENT Placement of the needle into the vein should always be done with the bevel facing toward you
Correct bevel orientation decreases resistance to skin puncture. •Incorrect bevel orientation can cause the bevel to rest flat against the wall of the vein, occluding thelumen.
Alignment and Orientation
Correct Alignment and Orientation
Intramuscular Injection
Made directly into a major muscle mass with 18-20 ga needle that is 1”-1½” long
INTRA-MUSCULAR INJECTION SITES
Base of the Neck:
Buttocks Region:
Pectoral Muscles:
Top of the Rump:
Base of the Neck
The base of the horse’s neck is an injection site favored by most veterinarians This site is a triangle defined by the nuchal ligaments The cervical vertebrae The point of the shoulder, and the scapula (shoulder blade).
Buttocks Region: Below the point of the horse’s buttocks is another large muscle mass (semitendinosis)
which is a good injection site
. To find this injection site simply locate the bony protrusion which makes up the point of the buttocks (tuber ischii). Drop about 1 inch below the tuber ischii and inject anywhere in the large muscle mass along the back of the leg
Pectoral Muscles
The pectoral muscles in the chest are another possible injection site.
Top of the Rump
Many veterinarians use the top of the rump (gluteal muscles) as an injection site.
The proper location of this injection site is the intersection of a line between the tail head and point of hip and a line between the top of the croup and the point of the buttocks.
Injection Techniques
There are a few basic rules to follow no matter which injection method you use.
Insert the needle perpendicular to the skin.
Sink the needle all the way to the hub .
Always aspirate. Insert the needle quickly
and decisively.
Be prepared for an adverse drug reaction.
Rotate injection sites.
HOW TO DISTRACT?
PINCH METHOD TAP & RUB METHOD
Subcutaneous Injections
Beneath the skin, on top of the muscle layer
Ideal site for horses is side of the neck. With needles being 18-20 ga and 1”-1½”
INJECTION TECHNIQUE IN CANINES
SAFTEY FIRST
PRECAUTIONS
Maintain a proper and safe distance.
Use muzzle tape.
Wear gloves.
Read the label.
Make sure you use the sterile syringe & needle.
Choose appropriate needle size.
Clean the injection site.
Dispose off the syringes & needles properly.
Venipuncture
Indications for venipuncture
Restraint and Positioning
Vein selection
Site preparation
Equipment
Forelimb:
contd:;
Lateral saphenous vein on the hind limb can also be used:
Contd;
Contd;
Jugular Venipuncture
Contd;
Intra-muscular Injections
Appropriate sites for intramuscular injection are the quadriceps (muscle on the front of the thigh), lumbodorsal muscles (muscles either side of the lumbar spine) or the triceps muscle (behind the humerus (arm bone) in the front leg). The hamstrings (muscles at the back of the thigh) should generally be avoided due to the possibility of damage to the important sciatic nerve that runs in this area. Volumes of injection should not be more than 2-6 ml in dogs.
Different Intramuscular Injection sites in dog:
The triceps muscle belly located caudal to
the humerus is one IM injection site. The left
thumb is placed on the humerus, isolating the
muscle belly in the left hand. The needle is
placed in the muscle belly. The plunger is
withdrawn to create negative pressure. If no
blood is aspirated, the injection is given, the
needle is withdrawn and the muscle belly is
massaged to facilitate dispersion of the
injected material.
Contd;
The quadriceps muscle is located anterior to
the femur. The left thumb is on the femur. The
needle is inserted at a right angle to the
muscle belly.
Contd;
When administering an injection into the
semimembranous/semitendinosis muscle
group, the tip of the needle should be
directed toward the caudal aspect of the limb
so if the patient moves, the needle will not
advance toward the sciatic nerve. Notice the
left hand is being used to isolate the muscle
group caudal to the femur.
Contd;
The dorsal lumbar muscles on either side of
the midline can be used for IM injections. With
left thumb feel the lumbar vertebrae and give
injection away from them.
Sub-cutaneous Injections
For Sc (subcutaneous) injections, in general, use:
An 18 or 20 gauge needle, 1 to 1.5 inches long.
SC medications are deposited into the loose connective tissue just
below the dermis.
This tissue is not richly supplied with blood vessels so the absorption
rate is slow.
There are many pain receptors in this tissue so only non-irritating,
water-soluble medications in small doses should be given by the SC
route.
Placement of needle for Sub-Cut. Injection
Complications from Injections
Irritation / Inflammation.
Allergic Reactions.
Nerve Damage
ALTERNATE SITE FOR INTRAVENOUS INFUSION- Cattle
ED
C
B
A
HOW TO
SECURE IV LINE
IN LARGE ANIMALS
SQ INJECTIONS