Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… ·...
Transcript of Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… ·...
![Page 1: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
InformationVisualizationinHCI
SWEN-444
![Page 2: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Definitions
• Visualize:– Toformamentalmodelormentalimageofsomething
– Tomakesomethingvisibletothemindorimagination
• Visualization:– Humanactivity,notpersewithcomputers– Visual,Auditoryorothersensorymodalities– Creationofvisualimagesinaidofunderstandingofcomplex,datarich,representationsofdata
![Page 3: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
InformationVisualization
• Pre-attentiveprocessing– Unconsciousaccumulationofinformationfromtheenvironment
– Informationthat“standsout”isselectedforattentive(conscious)processing
– Whydoessomeinformation“standout”?• Notexactlysure!• Butithassomethingtodowiththestimulusitself,andtheperson'scurrentintentionsorgoals
![Page 4: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Weber'slaw
• “justnoticeabledifference”
• I–originalintensityofthestimulus• ChangeinIistheminimumdifferencerequiredforittobeperceived(jnd)
• Kconstant
ΔII= k
![Page 5: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
WhatisInformationVisualization?
• Informationvisualization:“theuseofinteractivevisualrepresentationsofabstractdatatoamplifycognition”(Ware,2008)
• Abstractdataincludebothnumericalandnon-numericaldata– Stockprices,socialrelationships,patientrecords
• Typicalconcerns:discoveryofpatterns,trends,clusters,outliersandgapsindata
• Designgoal:bemorethanaestheticallypleasing,showmeasurableusabilitybenefitsacrossdifferentplatformsandusers
![Page 6: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
InformationVisualization
• Data,dimensionalityofthedata• Presentationofthedata• Processingofthedata• Interactionwiththedata• Dynamicalviewupdating
![Page 7: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
InformationVisualizationFlow
![Page 8: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
HCI:disasterstory
• 1988:• IranAirFlight655shotdownbyUSSVincennes• F-14??-290casualties• Conclusion:‘Aegishadprovidedaccuratedata.Thecrew
hadmisinterpretedit.’• Differentradarscreensdisplayeddifferentaspectsof
airplane• Correlatinginformationwasdifficult• Vitaldataclutteredbytrivialdata
![Page 9: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy
![Page 10: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: 1D Linear Data
• Itemswhichcanbeorganizedsequentiallye.g.textdocument,listofnames
• Designissues:– Colors,sizes,layout– Scrolling,selectionmethods
• Exampleusertasks:checkwhichitemshavesomerequiredattribute
![Page 11: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: 2D Map Data
• Itemsmakeupsomepartofthe2Darea– Notnecessarilyrectangular,e.g.LakeonGoogleMap– e.g.Geographicmap,floorplans
• Exampleusertasks:findingitems,findingpathsbetweenitems
![Page 12: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: 3D World Data
• Itemswithcomplexrelationshipswithotheritems– e.g.Volume,temperature,density
– e.g.Medicalimaging,architecturaldrawing,scientificsimulations
• Designissues:position,orientationandnavigationforviewing3Dapplication
• Exampleusertasks:temperature,density
![Page 13: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: Multidimensional Data
• Itemswithnattributesinn-dimensionalspace
• Relationaldatabasecontentscanbetreatedthisway
• Interfacemayallowusertoview2dimensionsatatime
![Page 14: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: Temporal Data
• Verycloseideato1Dsequentialdata,butwarrantadistinctdatatypeinthetaxonomyastemporaldataissocommon– e.g.Stockmarketdata,
weather• Itemshaveabeginningand
endtime,mayoverlapintime
• Exampleusertasks:findingeventsduringatimeperiod,searchingforperiodicalbehavior
![Page 15: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: Temporal Data (cont.)
14-15
![Page 16: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: Tree Data
• Non-rootitemshavealinktoaparentitemItems,linkscanhavemultipleattributese.g.Windowsfileexplorer
• Exampleusertasks:howmanyitemsarechildrenofanode,howdeeporshallowisthegraph
![Page 17: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: Tree Data (cont.)
14-17
![Page 18: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Data Type by Task Taxonomy: Network Data
• Itemslinkedtoarbitrarynumberofotheritems
• Exampleusertask:shortestpath,leastcostlypath
• Howtovisualize,layoutthenetwork?
![Page 19: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The seven basic tasks 1. Overview:userscangainanoverviewoftheentire
collection2. Zoom:userscanzoominonitemsofinterest3. Filter:userscanfilteroutuninterestingitems4. Details-on-demand:userscanselectanitemor
grouptogetdetails5. Relate:userscanrelateitemsorgroupswithinthe
collection6. History:userscankeepahistoryofactionsto
supportundo,replay,andprogressiverefinement7. Extract:allowuserto“save”,publish,examine
extracteditems
14-19
![Page 20: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Challenges for Information Visualization
• Importingandcleaningdata• Combiningvisualrepresentationswithtextuallabels:
Howtoputontextlabels(e.g.onamap)withoutcoveringwhatyouwishtodisplay?
• Findingrelatedinformation:Properjudgmentoftenrequireslookingatdataderivedfrommultiplesources
• Viewinglargevolumesofdata• Integratingdatamining• Integratingwithanalyticalreasoningtechniques:Use
datatosupportordisclaimhypotheses• Collaboratingwithothers• Achievinguniversalusability:Text,tactileorsonic
representations?• Evaluation
![Page 21: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Challenges for Information Visualization
• Goalistoseparatethe“signal(information)fromthenoise(data)”
• Toomuchversustoolittleinformation• Visualizationspasstheeyeballtest• Minimalism–emphasizethedataratherthanthescaffolding– Avoidunnecessaryandbusygraphics– Readablesize,legible– Appropriateuseofcolor– Appropriatescaling,alignment,symmetry
![Page 22: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Exercise:ARecordYearforAutoRecalls
Indiscussiongroupspleaseanswerthefollowingquestions:• Whatisthedatashowninthisvisualization?• Whatquestionsdoesthisvisualizationanswer?• Whatdoyouthinkabouttheuseofanimation?• Isthevisualizationeasytounderstand?• Canyoureadthedatafromthevisualization?• Whatisthevisualizationdatatype?Whattaskscanbe
performed?• Whydoyoulike/dislikethisvisualization?• Canyousuggestanyimprovements?Howwouldyou
redesignit?
NY Times: http://bit.ly/auto-recall
![Page 23: Information Visualization in HCI - RITswen-444/slides/instructor-specific/ElGlaly/Informati… · What is Information Visualization? • Information visualization: “the use of interactive](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042323/5f0ddb957e708231d43c6ea0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
References
• Folk,C.L.,&Remington,R.Top-downmodulationofpreattentiveprocessing:Testingtherecoveryaccountofcontingentcapture.VisualCognition,14,445-465.
• Ware,Clin,VisualThinkingforDesign,MorganKaufmann,SanFrancisco,CA(2008).
• http://www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/trs/96-13/96-13.html
• Cuffe,Kirkham,Dent,andWilson,DataVisualization:Thesignalandthenoise,IEEEPotentialsJuly/August2018