The current performance of the system of knowledge, science and technology has been unable to fully meet the new demands of society, which require a more diverse, complex and holistic agenda

IAASTD report 2006

Strengtheninglocal innovation systems

The ability to be in contact with sources of relevant The ability to be in contact with sources of relevant information, manage to modify production and information, manage to modify production and marketing systems in response to the potential marketing systems in response to the potential demand, and the ability to maintain natural demand, and the ability to maintain natural resources and social capital will have clear value resources and social capital will have clear value under conditions of vulnerability and uncertainty. under conditions of vulnerability and uncertainty.

“Is it possible to facilitate local innovation systems for farm families, women and youth with support organizations and market players to build agroforestry systems with high productivity and quality?”

The fact that “the different sectors involved in the local innovation systems are traditionally seen as adversaries with conflicting interests and in the past have not produced lasting alliances”

It is imperative “ to adopt the perspective of improving information flow for decision-making processes,and to understand and learn about relations and links between sectors. This calls for building open multi institutional information sharing platforms so as to create the basis for functioning of local learning alliances”

In this quest, the organizations and their allies need to develop a better understanding of use of knowledge as power for both transformation of actors (livelihood strategies) and changing rules of the games (policy incidence).

The new role of enlightened and empowered actors and communities must be enhanced for both the process of thier own transformation and for changing rules of the game. The narrative should focus on farm households and their organizations being drivers of the changes and not to simply benefit from the changes.

It is not convenient that the innovation processes continue to depend only on center-to-source knowledge dissemination. They should be built on the strengths of a multiple-source knowledge integration. Thats why open information and learning systems are so crucial.

The Alternative sustainable agroforestry systems for indigenous and Afro-descendant of the RAAN, Nicaragua, the COCOA RAAN project is a grant from JSDF (Japan Social Development Fund), managed by World Bank and implemented by ACICAFOC

Component 1: Integrated development of agroforestry in 1000 cocoa growing farms to raise production levels

Component 2: Direct marketing strategy and market linkages for cocoa farmers operating in a socially and environmentally sustainable environment

Component 3:Strengthening the Central American Cocoa Producers network

Component 4: Participatory Monitoring and Evaluation

What to monitor?

Social and humanindicators

Participatory

Monitoring and Evaluation

Environmental and planetery

indicators

Profitability and economicindicators

Future production and

investment indicators

Social and human indicators

1. Total number of cocoa farmers

2. Total number of cocoa farmers integrated in recognized producer organizations.

3. Number of cocoa farmers producing under certified production system

4. Number of producer organizations legally recognized.

5. Average age of cocoa farmers

Environmental and planetary Indicators

1. Total area under cocoa production

2. Areas of cocoa with a minimum number of good agricultural practices

3. Accumulated number of farmers trained in good management practices. accumulated

4. Number of producers using a minimum number of good agricultural practices

5. Number of producers using more than one good agricIIultural practice for improving soil fertility

6. Number of Cocoa trees per hectare

7. Area under organic production system

III. Profitability and economic indicators

1. Cocoa Production in metric tons

2. Cocoa Prices obtained by growers

3. Productivity of cocoa farms (kg / ha)

4. Productivity per cocoa tree (kg / tree)

5. Per capita income for cocoa farm

IV. Future production and investment indicators in the cocoa industry

1. Total investment in cocoa production and its impact on the community

2. Total volume of certified cocoa produced (TM)

Developing the monitoring system 1

Visualizing effective dialogues with members of farm households

to be able to collect and reconstruct required data

Identifying crtical variablesand data for the indicators

Construction of easy to usematricial data collection format

that follows the dialogues

Data collectionby 10 rural promoters

305 families

Aware ofCustoms of

Keeping on-headData by farmers

Developing the monitoring system 2

Construction of easy to usematricial data input format

that strictly follows the data collection

Data inputs and Outputs managed by

promoters or Technicians thorugh INTERNET

Data input,Management, querries

Display, downloadsAll based on

licence free software

Construction of effective outputs

that responds to theneed for indicator asessment

Construction of effective database located in cloud

with fast access andFast online processing

http://cocoa-raan.acicafocnic.org

First round 2010

Structured interviewsfor collecting and

constructing individual data sets305

Identification of samplesof program beneficiaries

305/1000

Data inputsfor each case

305Querries and filterTo build Outputs

for indicators

Baseline reportEx-ante of the

project

Adjust Program Strategies

Actions

indicators

Online datafor permanent

AnalysisAnd learning

Second round 2012

Structured interviewsfor collecting and

constructing individual data sets102

Identification of samplesof program beneficiaries

305/1000

Data inputsfor each case

102Querries and filterTo build Outputs

for indicators

Indicator reportEx-post

After 2 years

ImpactAssessment

AdjustmentOf strategies

Online datafor permanent

AnalysisAnd learning

Comparative Indicator report

Ex-ante andEx-post

After 2 years

2010

2012

2010

2012

SLOC Directory SLOC-by-Language (Sorted)11482 monitoreo python=11482

Totals grouped by language (dominant language first):python: 11482 (100.00%)Total Physical Source Lines of Code (SLOC) = 11,482

Development Effort Estimate, Person-Years (Person-Months) = 2.59 (31.13) Schedule Estimate, Years (Months) = 0.77 (9.23) (Basic COCOMO model, Months = 2.5 * (person-months**0.38))Estimated Average Number of Developers (Effort/Schedule) = 3.37

Total Estimated Cost to Develop = $ 350,477(average salary = $56,286/year, overhead = 2.40, dev time 3.37*9.23 m).

Total Estimated Cost to Develop = $ 90.000(average salary = $14,000/year, overhead = 2.40).

Total Cost to Develop = $ 14,000(average salary = $14,000/year, Developer time 3*4.5 month).