Industrial Revolution Causes, industries, the exploitation of children, work conditions and where IR...
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![Page 1: Industrial Revolution Causes, industries, the exploitation of children, work conditions and where IR did not penetrate Jennifer Sedmak [gjsedmak@yahoo.com]](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062518/56649e7f5503460f94b839cc/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Industrial Industrial RevolutionRevolutionCauses, industries, the Causes, industries, the
exploitation of children, work exploitation of children, work conditions and conditions and
where IR did not penetratewhere IR did not penetrate
Jennifer Sedmak [[email protected]]Jennifer Sedmak [[email protected]]
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Create Cornell NOTESCreate Cornell NOTES
Write the Write the RED Questions RED Questions in in the RIGHT MARGINthe RIGHT MARGIN
Listen and look at the slide, but Listen and look at the slide, but don’t COPY notes – write notes to don’t COPY notes – write notes to help answer the question & any help answer the question & any stories, drawings, notes that will stories, drawings, notes that will help you understandhelp you understand
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What caused the IR?What caused the IR?
Population explosion Population explosion (earlier (earlier marriages, high birthrates, marriages, high birthrates, resistance to disease) – more resistance to disease) – more children!children!
Agricultural Revolution Agricultural Revolution (new (new inventions, food crops, more calories inventions, food crops, more calories per acre)per acre)
Trade & InventivenessTrade & Inventiveness
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Who started the IR?Who started the IR?
BRITAINBRITAIN Economic growth, population growth, Economic growth, population growth,
strong mining and metal industries, strong mining and metal industries, iron, coal, rivers, navy, strong iron, coal, rivers, navy, strong commercial structure, fluid social commercial structure, fluid social structurestructure
COTTON and TEXTILE INDUSTRIES COTTON and TEXTILE INDUSTRIES FIRSTFIRST
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WHAT WERE IR WHAT WERE IR INDUSTRIES?INDUSTRIES?
Mass Production (Pottery – Mass Production (Pottery – Wedgwood)Wedgwood)
Mechanization (Cotton)…Mechanization (Cotton)…spinning jenny, spinning jenny, water framewater frame
Iron Industry Iron Industry Steam Engine (James Watt)…Steam Engine (James Watt)…
RAILROADSRAILROADS Telegraph System Telegraph System
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What were the impacts of What were the impacts of IR?IR?
New cities (population growth, poor, New cities (population growth, poor, inadequate sewage, air & water inadequate sewage, air & water pollution, disease, short life, high pollution, disease, short life, high infant mortality)infant mortality)
Deforestation, erosion of soil, Deforestation, erosion of soil, railroads/canalsrailroads/canals
Poor Working conditionsPoor Working conditions Disruption to Family LifeDisruption to Family Life
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Why use Child Labor?
Children were employed for four simple reasons :
Many in orphanages - could be replaced easily if accidents occurred
Much cheaper than adults
Small enough to crawl under machinery to tie up broken threads
Young enough to be bullied by 'strappers' - adults would not have stood for this
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John Dempsey aged eleven working in a mule-spinning room in Rhode Island in April 1909.
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How were children How were children treated and what treated and what work did they do?work did they do? Those late for work were Those late for work were
severely punished.severely punished. Money was deducted from Money was deducted from
their wages. their wages. They were hit with straps to They were hit with straps to
work faster.work faster. Some children were dipped Some children were dipped
head first into a water head first into a water cistern if they became cistern if they became drowsy. drowsy.
Talking to other children Talking to other children was forbidden.was forbidden.
Children were placed in Children were placed in prison if they ran away and prison if they ran away and were caught.were caught.
Those who were considered Those who were considered potential runaways were potential runaways were placed in irons. placed in irons.
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"Woodward and other overlookers used to beat me with pieces of thick leather straps made supple by oil, and having an iron buckle at the end, drew blood almost every time it was applied." John Brown quoted in the "Lion" newspaper in 1828.
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Dangerous WorkDangerous Work The youngest children The youngest children
in the textile factories in the textile factories were usually employed were usually employed as scavengers and as scavengers and piecers. piecers.
Scavengers had to pick Scavengers had to pick up the loose cotton up the loose cotton from under the from under the machinery. machinery.
The children were The children were expected to carry out expected to carry out the task while the the task while the machine was still machine was still working. working.
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AccidentsAccidents Accidents were Accidents were
widespread.widespread. Workers often lost limbsWorkers often lost limbs A Manchester visitor upon A Manchester visitor upon
seeing cso many people in seeing cso many people in the streets without arms the streets without arms and legs “it was like and legs “it was like living in the midst of the living in the midst of the army just returned from a army just returned from a campaign." campaign."
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The MillThe Mill
Kids were used to mend broken parts of Kids were used to mend broken parts of the machine – wouldn’t stop machines!the machine – wouldn’t stop machines!
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What was life like in the mines?
In one unnamed coal mine, 58 deaths out of a total of 349 deaths in one year, involved children thirteen years or younger.
Life for all those who worked underground was very hard.
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MinersMiners At the close of day. At the close of day.
Waiting for the cage to go Waiting for the cage to go up. The cage is entirely up. The cage is entirely open on two sides and not open on two sides and not very well protected on very well protected on the other two, and is the other two, and is usually crowded.usually crowded.
The dust was so dense at The dust was so dense at times as to obscure the times as to obscure the view. This dust view. This dust penetrated the utmost penetrated the utmost recesses of the boys' recesses of the boys' lungs. A kind of slave-lungs. A kind of slave-driver sometimes stands driver sometimes stands over the boys, prodding over the boys, prodding or kicking them into or kicking them into obedience. obedience.
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Dirty WorkDirty Work
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What was life like for What was life like for families?families?
A room in a tenement A room in a tenement Large families Large families
squeezed into one squeezed into one room.room.
Usually shared a Usually shared a bathroom with other bathroom with other tenants on the floor.tenants on the floor.
Overcrowded cities Overcrowded cities accounted for much accounted for much pollution in the cities.pollution in the cities.
Alcoholism, everyone Alcoholism, everyone worked, no schoolworked, no school
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How the other half How the other half lived…lived…
The bedroom of The bedroom of Cornelia Stewart, Cornelia Stewart, the wife of A.T. the wife of A.T. Stewart of Stewart of Stewart's Stewart's Department Store. Department Store.
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What were the responses What were the responses to IR?to IR?
Mines Act of 1842
Factory Act of 1833
Laissez-Faire capitalism
Unions & Reform
Schools
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Which countries did not Which countries did not industrialize?industrialize?
Russia, OttomanRussia, Ottoman
- land-based empires- land-based empires- leery of west - leery of west (after Peter )(after Peter )- Serfdom, imports- Serfdom, imports
ChinaChina- agriculturally-- agriculturally-based, did not based, did not adapt…JAPAN DID!adapt…JAPAN DID!
IndiaIndia
- Cotton industry - Cotton industry thwarted by Britainthwarted by Britain
EgyptEgypt- Tried: Muhammad Tried: Muhammad
Ali: cotton (less Ali: cotton (less dependent on dependent on Ottoman) – Britain Ottoman) – Britain intervenes!intervenes!