Industrial Revolution 1
Transcript of Industrial Revolution 1
Industrial Revolution
By J. Collins
Industrial Revolution
The IR is when people stopped making stuff at home and started making stuff in factories.
Cottage Industry
Factory system
Cotton gin
• His cotton gin removed the seeds out of raw cotton.
Steam E
ngine
• The steam engine was not just a transportation device. It ran entire factories the way rivers used to.
Steam engine
Railroads
Transcontinental R
R
• The transcontinental railroad made travel across the country faster, cheaper and more efficient.
• The transcontinental RR met in Utah
Canals
• Canals are manmade waterways dug between 2 large bodies of water.
• The Erie Canal was a short cut from the Atlantic Ocean to the Great Lakes.
Erie C
anal 1825
Panam
a Canal
• The Panama Canal was a shortcut from the Atlantic to the Pacific (or backwards).
Panam
a Canal
Telegraph
• Samuel Morse invented the telegraph. It communicated using a series of beeps (Morse code).
telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone.
Robber B
arons
• Andrew Carnegie owned US Steel.
• Steel Mill at night.
Robber B
arons
• John D. Rockefeller owned the railroads and the oil industries
Monopoly
• Carnegie and Rockefeller ran their competition out of business.
• A monopoly is when one company controls the entire industry.
Thom
as Edison
• The light bulb allowed factories to work at night.
• Phonograph
Edison’s inventions
• Motion picture camera
Immigration
Pull factors
• Immigrants come to the USA for jobs and opportunities.
• Pull factors are good stuff to bring immigrants here like jobs.
• Jobs pulled immigrants here.
• Free land was a pull factor
Push factors
• Push factors are bad stuff to push immigrants away like war or disease. This is potato famine.
• Many immigrants lived in tenements.
tenement
Child labor
• Many immigrants put their children to work ASAP.
Child labor
• Shoeshine boys
Child labor
• Bowling pin boys
Child labor
• Coal miner boys
Child labor
• Young miner
• Girls were preferred over boys. They were paid less, had smaller hands.
Progressivism
Progressivism
• Progressivism is a series of reform movements during the late 1800 and early 1900s.
Progressive goals
Progressives sought the following:
Temperance
Reform of the government
Suffrage for women
Better working conditions
More government regulation
Efficient industry
Tem
perance Movem
ent
• Women fought to ban alcohol in America.
• They did this without the vote!
Tem
perance movem
ent
• Women would go to saloons and start singing church hymns.
Tem
perance movem
ent
• Later in 1920, they would be successful with the 18th Amendment which banned the sale or production of alcohol.
Social welfare
• YMCA provided charity work for slum neighborhoods like classes and entertainment.
Political R
eforms
• Progressives wanted big business out of politics.
• Progressives wanted more popular sovereignty.
Political R
eforms
• Secret ballot – Progressives wanted people to vote without intimidation.
Political R
eforms
• Recall – special election to get rid of a politician.
• Auhnold is governor of CA because of a recall election.
Political reform
• Progressives reformed local governments by allowing people to introduce bills (initiative). A referendum is a vote on that initiative.
Political reform
• The Seventeenth Amendment put more power into the peoples’ hands. It allowed for the direct election of US Senators. Before, state legislators would choose.
• Here are the Texas
Senators:
Political reform
• Progressives wanted big business out of politics.
• Political machines controlled the political parties.
Political R
eform
• One famous political machine was the Tammany Ring of NYC.
• Political machines weren’t all bad. They provided jobs to immigrants and other services
Econom
ic Reform
• The Sixteenth Amendment allows for a graduated income tax. That means the rich pay a higher percentage than poor people.
Women’s suffrage
Suffragists
• We hold these truths to be self evident that all men and women are created
equal.
Suffragists
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the grandmother of the movement
• Women all over the USA and Britain paraded and protested for suffrage.
Wom
en’s suffrage
• Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights.
• WWI helped women get the vote because they worked so hard during WWI.
• The Nineteenth Amendment gave women’s suffrage.
Labor R
eform
• Labor unions struggled in the 1800s to fight for better working conditions (shorter work day, workers’ comp).
Labor reform
• Unions went on strike, and they turned violent most of the time.
Labor unions
• Skilled labor unions were more successful because they were harder to replace.
• Progressives got laws passed that prohibited child labor.
• Progressives passed laws limiting hours women worked.
• Progressives passed laws requiring workplace safety.
• Workplace safety.
Progressive P
residents
• Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt
• Teddy was the youngest president in history at the time.
Trust buster
• Roosevelt read The Jungle by Upton Sinclair, a muckraker
• As a result, he passed the Meat Inspection Act and the Food and Drug Act
1906
Efficient industry
• While some progressives fought industry with labor unions and government regulation, others helped industry by using science in the workplace.
• Taylorism – increasing efficiency through studies of human motion.
Industrial efficiency
• Henry Ford learned that the less people had to move, the faster they would work.
Ford’s assem
bly line
• The first cars were very expensive.
Model T
• The Model T was the first car that middle class people could afford.
Model T
• The assembly line lowered the cost of the Model T from $825 to $300.
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