Industrial Hygiene
description
Transcript of Industrial Hygiene
Industrial Hygiene
Industrial hygiene is defined as the recognition,evaluation, and control of workplace hazards.
Its origins are based on limiting personal exposures tochemicals, and have evolved to address the control ofmost other workplace hazards including over-exposureto noise, heat, vibration, and repetitive motion
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OSH Act of 1970 The purpose of the OSH Act is to
“assure so far as possible every working,
man and woman in the nation safe and
healthful working conditions and to
preserve our human resources.”
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Environmental Factors or StressesChemical hazards
gases, vapors, dusts, fumes, mists, andsmoke
Physical hazards
radiation, noise, vibration, extremetemperatures and pressures
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Environmental Factors or Stresses Ergonomic hazards
workstation design, repetitive motion, improper lifting/reaching, poor visual conditions
Biological hazards
insects, mold, fungi, bacteria, and viruses
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Routes of Entry Inhalation
airborne contaminants
Absorption
penetration through the skin
Ingestion
eating
drinking
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OSHA Hierarchy of ControlEngineering controls
Work practice controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
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Types of Exposure Acute
Short term period between exposure and onset of symptoms
Chronic
Long time period between exposure to an agent and the onset of symptoms
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Types of Air Contaminants Particulates
dusts, fumes, mists, and fibers
non respirable particles
> 10 m in diameter
respirable particles
< 10 m in diameter
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Types of Air Contaminants Fumes
volatilized solids condenses in cool air
< 1.0 m in diameter
hot vapor + air (reaction with) = oxide
Mists
suspended solid droplets
generated by a condensation of liquids from a vapors to a liquid state
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Types of Air Contaminants Fibers
solid, slender, elongated structures
length several times the diameter
Gases
formless fluids that expand to occupy a space
arc-welding, internal combustion engine exhaust air
Vapors
liquid changed to vapor
organic solvents
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Hearing Conservation Program Mandatory
at an 8-hour > 85 dBA
Exposure monitoring
Audiometric testing
Hearing protection
Employee training
Recordkeeping
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Protection The selection of appropriate personal
protective equipment for exposure controloften requires both an understanding ofthe limitations of the equipment, and theexpected exposure parameters asdetermined by an industrial hygieneevaluation. Engineering controls areconsidered the preferred method ofcontrol, but personal protectiveequipment plays an important role forhealth, safety, and rescue. The potentialfor misuse or misapplication of thesedevices should be evaluated.
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