Indigenous Peoples and Local Communies: Shaping and ...Implementation of the Strategic Plan for...
Transcript of Indigenous Peoples and Local Communies: Shaping and ...Implementation of the Strategic Plan for...
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IndigenousPeoplesandLocalCommuni3es:
ShapingandCommunica3ngNewNarra3vesforBiodiversity
JojiCarinoAsiaPacificConsulta3ononPost-2020BiodiversityFramework
Nagoya,JapanJanuary28-February1,2019
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CBDCOP13Cancun,Mexico
You are invited to the launch of
Local Biodiversity OutlooksIndigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Contributions to the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020.
At theCultural night reception and 20th anniversary celebration of the International
Indigenous Forum on Biodiversity
Moon Palace Arena HotelSunday 11 December
6-9pm
With the launch of the publication between 6.30-6.45pm.
LaunchingofLBOIIFB20thAnniversarycelebra3onIncollabora3onwithSecretariatofCBDLBOwelcomedinDecisionXII/ofCOP13
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LocalBiodiversityOutlooks:Someconclusions
• IPLCs’landsholdmuchoftheworld’sbiodiversity.Biologicalandculturaldiversitytogetherincreaseresiliencetosocial,environmentalandclimatechanges.
• Collec>veac>onsofindigenouspeoplesandlocalcommuni>es
(IPLCs)areadvancingtheStrategicPlanforBiodiversityandall20AichiBiodiversityTargetinimportantways.Suppor>ngtheirac>onscanbeoneofthemosteffec>vewaystosecurebiodiversityconserva>onandsustainableuse.
• Recognisingcustomarylandtenureandtradi>onaloccupa>ons,andprotec>nghumanrightssecuresocialwell-being,andecosystemandclimatebenefits.
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UNPFII17RecommendaEons…welcomespublica>onofLocalBiodiversityOutlooks…andlooksforwardtoitssecondedi>ontobepublishedin2020.…supportsthestrengtheningandfurtherapplica>onofcommunity-basedmapping,monitoringandinforma>onsystems(CBMIS)ascomplementaryevidencebasesforassessmentandmonitoringofthe2030SustainableDevelopmentAgenda,theParisClimateAgreementandthepost-2020biodiversityFramework,aswellasbeingtoolsforcommunitygovernanceandself-determineddevelopment.…urgesgovernmentsanddonorstosupportcommunity-basedmonitoringandinforma>onsystems,ci>zenscienceandthedemocra>za>onofinforma>ontechnologies,ascomplementarytona>onalandglobalsta>s>calandinforma>onsystems,andtopriori>secapacity-buildingandfundingandforsuchini>a>ves.
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VirtuousCirclesforPost-2020Biodiversity
Harmonisa3onofGlobalCommitmentsNa3onalandLocalImplementa3on
CulturalandBiologicalDiversity
Inter-linkages
ComplexandIntegratedSocial-EcologicalStystems
DiverseecosystemsandeconomiesCustomary
sustainableUse
LegalPluralismDiverseValues,Ins3tu3onsand
LevelsofGovernance
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IntegratedSocial-EcologicalSystems• Naturehasintrinsicvaluesanditsintelligenceismanifestedinbiologicaldiversity
• Humans,aspartofnature,manifestourintelligencethroughculturaldiversity
• Inter-linkagesbetweenbiologicalandculturaldiversity
• Socialinequali3esandpowerhierarchiesunderpinecologicalinjus3ceandenvironmentalharm
• Humanrightsareinherentrightsofpeoplesandpersons
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• UNDeclaraEonontheRightsofIndigenousPeoples(2007)
• OutcomeDocumentoftheWorldConferenceonIndigenousPeoples(2014)
• ConvenEononBiologicalDiversity(CBD)ü Ar3cles8(j)and10(c)ü Target18oftheStrategicPlanforBiodiversity(2011-2020)
• Inter-governmentalScience-PolicyPlaSormforBiodiversityand
EcosystemServices(IPBES)ü ApproachPaperforrecognisingandworkingwithIndigenousandLocalKnowledge
• UNFCCCü EstablishmentofaLocalCommuni3esandIndigenousPla]ormonTradi3onal
Knowledge
GlobalrecogniEonofTradiEonalKnowledge/IndigenousandLocalknowledgeDiversity
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LandFacts• Atleast50%oftheworld’slandareaisheldundercustomaryorcommunity-basedregimesbutlegalrecogni3onofownershipislimitedtojust10%.– 12.5%arerangelandsmanagedbypastoralists.
• Upto2.5billionwomenandmendependoncommunity-basedsystems.– Thisincludeses3mated370millionIndigenousPeoples.– Atleast200millionofthemarepastoralists.
• “90%ofAfrica’srurallandisundocumented[…]makingithighlyvulnerabletolandgrabbingandexpropria3on”(Source:WorldBank)
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NaEonalandRegionalExamplesIndonesia• Approximately0.2%ofIndonesia’slandiscurrentlyrecognizedascommunity-ownedorcontrolled.Bycontrast,anes3mated40millionhectaresareproposedforrecogni3onbytheIndonesianCons3tu3onalCourtinfavourofcommuni3es’foresttenurerights.
PacificIslands• InmostcountriesofthePacificIslands,customarylandundercustomaryauthorityremainsthedominantlandtenureform.Inmostcountriesitrepresentsmorethan80percentofthetotallandarea.
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IndigenousPeoplesinthePacificregion• Indigenouspeoplesmakeupthemajorityofthepopula3onsofthe
Pacificwiththeexcep3onsofsomecountriesandislandsofAustralia,Aotearoa(NewZealand),Hawaii,NewCaledoniaandGuam.
• Countriesthathavemorethan75%ofindigenouspeoplesinclude,
WallisandFutuna,Kiriba3,Vanuatu,PapuaNewGuinea,MarshallIslands,Tonga,Tuvalu,SolomonIslands,Samoa,Tokelau,AmericanSamoa,FederatedStatesofMicronesia,CookIslands,Niue,andFrenchPolynesia.
• Countrieswithapproximately500,000indigenouspeoplesormoreinclude,PapuaNewGuinea,Aotearoa(NewZealand),Australia,theSolomonIslands,andFiji.Thetotalindigenouspopula3onofthePacificis11,840,783makingup26%ofthetotalpopula3on.Morethan10countriesinthePacifichavelessthan20,000indigenouspersons.
• SeventypercentofthePacificpopula3onisurban(28,631,308)withayearlychangeof1.43%.
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LawandImplementaEonGap• Thedifferencebetweenwhatiswrioeninlawandwhathappensinprac3ceisenormous,evenwhenlandrightsareformallyrecognized.– Lackofenforcement:Governmentsmaynotrespectlegalrights.Forexamplebyissuingcompe3ngclaimsoverthesamelands,orrefusingtoenforcecommuni3es’landrightsagainstoutsiders.
– Commercialconcessionswhichmaybeallocatedonthesameland,including99-yearconcessionstocompanieswithoutconsulta3onorconsentofIPLCs.
– Halfoftropicalwoodininterna3onaltradeis‘conversion3mber’(muchclearedtomakewayforagribusiness),withatleast1/3comingfromillegalforestconversion.
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ClosingtheGap:Recommenda3ons• Giveprimacytoensuringsecurecommunitytenurerightsandstrong
systemsofcommunitygovernanceinglobal,na3onal,sub-na3onalandcompanyschemestocombatdeforesta3on;
• Putinplaceurgentsafeguardsforun3tledorunrecognisedcommunitylandsandforestsinna3onalpolicies,whilelanddelimita3onanddemarca3onprocessesremainpending;
• Strengthenframeworksfortheprotec3onofhumanrightsandforestdefenderslocallyandglobally;
• Expandandstrengthenmeasurestocombatorganisedcrime,illicittradeandtraffickingontheforestfron3erbackedbydedicatedjudicialini3a3vestosanc3onhumanrightsviolatorsandillegaldeforesta3on;
• Enablereformsofoutdatedandunjustna3onallandlaws,foresttenurepoliciesandresourceconcessionframeworkstoensurealignmentwithinterna3onalhumanrightslawandenvironmentalstandards,includingreformstoensurefullrespectforcommunitycustomarylandrightsandFPIC;
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ClosingtheGap:Recommenda3ons• Combinesupplysideanddemandsidepoliciestoincreasesupplychaintransparency
andimproveprotec3onsforhumanrightsinglobaltrade,includingthroughbothmandatorylegalinstrumentsaswellasincreasedregula3onofinterna3onalnance;
• Undertake3melyreformstoresolvethe“complianceandaccountabilitycrisis”in
commoditycer3fica3onschemesthroughimprovedenforcement,monitoringandverifica3onmechanismsandstrengthenedandmoreindependentgrievanceandcomplaintsprocedures,includingop3onsforaffectedcommuni3estoaccessindependentlegalopinionsandsupport;
• Strengthencompanycomplianceandduediligencesystemsfortheapplica3onofcompanyCSRpoliciesonhumanrights,landtenureandzerodeforesta3on;
• Embedahumanrights-basedapproachandmeasurestosecurecommunitylandrightswithinjurisdic3onalandmul3-stakeholderschemesforforestandclimateprotec3on,commoditycer3fica3onanddeforesta3on-freesupplychains;
• Supportandscaleupindependentcommunitymonitoringofconflictcommoditysupplychainsandcompanycompliancewithnodeforesta3on,nopeatandnoexploita3oncommitments;
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AsrecordedbyPrasertTrakansuphakon,Karen,Thailand
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Co-evoluEon:CreatorsandConserversofDiversitySOURCE:USCCanada
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Whofeedstheworld?-HighLevelPanelofExpertsonFoodSecurityandNutri3on(HLPE2013)andUNFAO
• Mostoftheworld’sfoodiss3llgrown,collectedandharvestedbyover2.5billionsmall-scalefarmers,pastoralists,forestdwellersandar3sanalfisherfolk.
• Collec3vely,thesesmallholdersarebyfarthelargestinvestorsinfarmingandlandandproduceatleast70percentoftheworld’sfood.
• Smallholderagricultureisprac3sedbyfamilies(includingoneormorehouseholds)usingonlyormostlyfamilylabourandderivingfromthatworkalargebutvariableshareoftheirincome,inkindorincash.Agricultureincludescropraising,animalhusbandry,forestryandar3sanalfisheries.Theholdingsarerunbyfamilygroups,alargepropor3onofwhichareheadedbywomen,andwomenplayimportantrolesinproduc3on,processingandmarke3ngac3vi3es.
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Sma l l bu t many i s b i g
Source: discover-bali-indonesia.com
FisheriesSource:Na3onalGeographic2008/UBC
LARGE SCALE FISHERY
SUBSIDIES25–27 billion 5–7 billion
about 1/2 million over 12 million
about 30 million tonnes about 30 million tonnes
35 million tonnes almost none
about 37 million tonnes about 5 million tonnes
1–2 tonnes 4–8 tonnes
8–20 tonnes very little
NUMBER OF FISHERS
EMPLOYED
ANNUAL CATCH FOR HUMAN
CONSUMPTION
ANNUAL CATCH REDUCED
TO FISHMEAL AND OILS
ANNUAL FUEL OIL CONSUMPTION
CATCH PER TONNE OF FUEL
CONSUMED
FISH AND OTHER SEA LIFE
DISCARDED AT SEA
SMALL SCALE FISHERY
$$$$$ $
= =
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Whowillfeedustomorrow?IndustrialFoodChainwith“agribusinessasusual”• Urbanshareofglobal
popula3onrisesto70%;obesitydoubles;
• Meatanddairyproduc3onrise70%;
• Totalfooddemandgrows50%andwaterdemandgrows30%;
• AgriculturalGHGemissionsincrease60%.
LocalFoodSystems• 80%ofhouseholdsinrural
South(ouenledbywomen)growsomefood;
• 2.6billionpeopledependonfarming,fishingandpastoralism;
• Organicfarmsemploy30%moreworkersthannon-organicfarms;
• Peasantfarmingismoreproduc3veandproducesmorenutri3ousfood
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Whatpolicychangeswillgetusthere?StrengtheningtheIndustrialChain:• Acceleratedlandgrabs;
• Strengthenagribusiness-biasedtradeagreements;
• Acceptbroaderpatentmonopolies;
• Acquiescetocartelprac3ces(e.g.3companiesaccountfor>50%ofcommercialseedsalesand10companiescontrol95%ofthepes3cidemarket);
• Endseed-saving;
• Accesstocheaperfossilfuels;
• Transfermorefoodsafetycoststoconsumersandpeasants
StrengtheningLocalFoodSystems• Reducetheecologicalfootprintof
produc3on,distribu3onandconsump3onprac3ces,
• Strengthenadap3vecapacityand
resilienceofthefarmingsystembymaintainingagro-ecosystemdiversity,
• Researchmustsupporttheinnova3onthatstartsinfarmers’fields.
• Recogni3onanddynamicconserva3onofagriculturalheritagesystemsallowingsocialcohesion,senseofprideandbelongingandreducesmigra3on
• Respect,protectandfufillhumanrightsof
indigenouspeoples,peasants,fisherfolk,pastoralists,womenandyouth.
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“Theseforestsareourlife,buttheyarebeingtakenfromus.Outsidershaveafinancialviewoftheland.Theyseeitasmoney.Weseeitaslife.Wehavetowin...forthefutureofourpeople.”
-NicholasFredericks,Wapichanpeople,Guyana
“Ifyouwanttostopdeforesta>on,givelegalrightstocommuni>es.”
-AndrewSteer,DirectorofWorldResourceIns3tute“Thestruggleforastableclimateandtherestora>onofourgloballifesupportsystemscannotsucceedwithoutsecureindigenousandcommunitylandrights.”
-StephanieBrancaforte,GreenpeaceGlobalCampaignLeaderforClimateandEnergy
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KeyResources• LocalBiodiversityOutlooks:IndigenousPeoples’andLocalCommuni>es’
Contribu>onstotheImplementa>onoftheStrategicPlanforBiodiversitywww.localbiodiversityoutlooks.net
• ClosingtheGap:Rights-basedapproachestotacklingdeforestaEonwww.forestpeoples.org
• INAPATA,KO’MANGNÀTOKYESELUOURLAND,OURLIFE:APar>cipatoryAssessmentofthelandtenureSitua>onofIndigenousPeoplesinGuyanaReportforRegion8
• CommonGround:SecuringLandRightsandSafeguardingtheEarth(www.landrightsnow.org)
• LandMarkwww.landmarkmap.org
• IndigenousNavigatorwww.indigenousnavigator.org• DanishInsEtuteforHumanRightswww.dihr.dk
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KeyResources
hop://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/agec.12171/abstractwww.cifor.org/forests-and-gender/sidaenvironmenthelpdesk.se/wordpress3/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/BRIEF_Women_and_Land_Rights.pdf