Index

acetaminophen 411 adenocarcinoma, colonic, and colitis, cotton top

tamarins 16 adenomatosis polyposis, familial (FAP) 304,

305 AIDS, intestinal permeability increase 64 albinism 36 alcianophilic acid mucin 115 alcohol, intestinal permeability effects 63 allopurinol

in pouchitis 309 purine analog interactions 368

alveolitis, and smoking 323 aminoguanidine (AG)

anti -inflammatory acti vi ty 124 nitrite/nitrate plasma level attenuation 124 NO synthase inhibition 122, 124-5 PG/PS colon leukocyte inhibition 125

5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) 361-4 CD maintenance therapy 392, 395 in Crohn's disease 363 efficacy 363 glucocorticoid combination therapy 392 5-lipoxygenase inhibition 361 metabolism 361-2 prodrugs 361, 362 side-effects 362 topical formulations 362 versus placebo

in CD 391,394 in UC 391-2,393,394

anaerobic fecal flora, obligate, and CD 11-12 anal sphincter, and restorative proctocolectomy

294-5,296 anastomosis

intracorporeal, laparoscopic 314, 315 stapled versus sutured 426

ANCAS see antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

animal models 227-35,245-8 colitis

endogenous induction 246, 247-8

exogenous induction 246,247 IBD genetic factors 15-21

ankylosing spondylitis, ileitis association 238 anorexia

and colitis, reduced meal size 173 and cyclooxygenase inhibitors 263 and experimental colitis 170-8 and inflammation, animal models 171-3 and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity 263 and oxytocin 173 and weight loss, in Crohn's disease 170-1

anorexigenic signal colitis 173-7 periphery to brain communication 175-7

anti-erythrocyte VH3-15 antibody, and IBD 100-1

anti-inflammatory therapy 386-97 targets 374-81

antibiotics 397-8 prophylaxis, colorectal surgery, peri­

operative deaths 207 antibodies, marker, in IBD 97-8 antigen presenting cells (APCs)

cytokine-elicited differentiation 31 dysfunction, genetically controlled 27

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANC As) 16

constancy 7 familiality 7-8 genetic marker studies 8 and HLA 222-3 and mucosal inflammation 223 perinuclear (pANCAs), and UC 244-5,248 resistant left-sided UC 224 specificity 6-7 UC-associated, characteristics 8 ulcerative colitis marker 98

aphthous ulcers 239 APO-lIF as antigen, antibody 371 Apoa2 gene, and human plasma ApoA-II levels

41 apolipoprotein A-II, and quantitative trait loci

433

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

mapping 38,40-1 apolipoprotein E, polymorphisms, and

cholesterol levels 37 arachidonic acid metabolites

and anorexia in colitis 173-4 and smoking 323, 324 see also eicosanoids and individual

metabolites arsenicals, organic 412 Asacol 387, 388 asucrasia, sucrase/palatinase deficiency 61 atherosclerosis, LDLR 36 autoantibodies 248-9 autoantigens, islet 77-8 autoimmune disorders, organ-specific

activation 75-7 etiology 73-8 genetic elements 74-5 HLA associations 74-5 see also individual types, diseases and

syndromes autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes

24-31 autoimmunity

etiologic classification 75-6 ovarian, and myasthenia gravis 76

azathioprine 368, 403-7 adverse effects 406 Crohn's disease 404-6 glucocorticosteroid supplementation 404-6 and pregnancy 335-6 in refractory disease 404 UC maintenance therapy 403-4

azoreductase 386

B cells antigen presentation 97 clonal activity

future use strategies 101-2 and IBD 96-102

IgG expressions, IBD 98-100 immune response, target antigen recognition

96-7 lamina propria, VH gene 99-100 mucosal, ANCA production 223-4 pANCA, and ulcerative colitis 98

bacteria and IBD 245 and pouchitis 306-7

beclomethasone 402 enemas, in ulcerative colitis 402-3

bile ducts, cancer, and colitis 278 bile salts, and pouchitis 308 bismuth subsalicylate 412 bombesin 155 bone marrow aplasia, azathioprine-associated

406 bowel rest, in Crohn's disease 329 brain-gut axis, in IBD 170-8, 254, 262-5

physiological interactions 269 breast feeding, and sulfasalazine 336 Brooke ileostomy 283-4 budesonide 402

enemas 403 butyric acid 410, 304

enemas, in UC 256 in pouchitis 308 and villous atrophy 307

BW-A4C 397

C3H/HeJ Bir substrain mouse colitis 17 calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) 150,

155,156,375 in animal GI infiammaton 151

Campylobacter jejuni enterocolitis, VH3-15 antibody 100, 101 and IBD 101

Canada, morbidity/mortality data 350-1 cancer, risk, mucosectomy 426 capsaicin 376 capsaicin-sensitive nerves, and IBD 153 CDIlICDI8 379 CDiHeJ Birk substrain mice, spontaneous

colitis 228-9 CD4+ T cells

IL-2/IFN-y expression, and T cell islet infiltration 29

lymphoid organs, NOD mice 27 CD45RB surface antigen, and colitis 84-5 CD45RBhi scm mice 233 CD8, intestinal epithelial lymphocytes 89 CD8+ T cells, lymphoid organs, NOD mice

27 CD see Crohn's disease celiac disease

HLA associations 75 intestinal permeability 61

cell adhesion molecules 251-2 cellular immunity 249-52 children, colitis, reconstructive surgery 293-4 chloride, secretion, and cytokines 130-1 cholangitis, primary sclerosing (PSC) 249 cholecystectomy, laparoscopic 313 cholecystokinin (CCK), and anorexia

166-167 cholera toxin, mast cell serotonin release 142 circulating hormones, and growth responses

109 clinical disease activity indices 385-6

applications 191-2 availability/limitations 193-5 construct validity 193-4 face validation 193 ideal 192 laboratory findings 195 selection 195

clinical trials, appraisal 185-90 abstract section 186

434

INDEX

blinding aspects 187-8 checklist 190 the control 187 methods section 186-8 randomization method 186-7, 189 results 189-90 and sample size calculation 189 statistical methods used 188-9 study population 188 trial type 186

clofazimine 398 clonidine, in UC 156 coagulation, and IBD 376-7

see also ischaemia cognitive paradigm, and immunologic

homunculus 85 colectomy, subtotal, laparoscopic 315 colitis

anorexigenic signal 173-7 diversion, and SCFAs 307 indeterminate 294

operative procedure choice 294-5 induced, inbred rodents 18-21 spontaneous

and genetic mutations 234 and genetic susceptibility 234-5 immunologic mechanisms 234

collagen, production by fibroblasts 251 colonic antigen antibodies, in UC 10 colonic metaplasia, and pouchitis 305. 306 colorectal cancer

age at maximum risk 279 and reconstructive proctocolectomy 297 risk 278-81

colostomy complications 289-91 early necrosis 289 hernia 290 metastasis recurrence 291 peri stomal abscesses 291 prolapse 291 stenosis 289-90 terminal sigmoid 288-9 transverse 288

complement components, epithelial, and cytokines 135 dysfunction, and CD 11

complex diseases candidate gene and biochemical approaches

36-7 complete linkage maps 37-42

in humans 38-9,41 genetics 35-42

Conference on Morbidity and Mortality (1992) 345-57

lecture synopses 348-54 participants 346-7 program 347 recommendations 354-5

contact sensitizing agents, oral tolerance induction 83-4

contraceptives, oral 411--12 in Crohn's disease 322, 323 and IBD pathogenesis 332-3

corticosteroids, side-effects 430 -I corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), and

stress 264 cottontop tamarin, chronic spontaneous colitis

1516 cow's milk, and diabetes type I 76 coxsackie viral infections, and diabetes type I

76 Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of Canada

(CCFC) 345-6 conference on morbidity/mortality (1992)

345-57 Crohn's colitis. and smoking 322 Crohn's disease

435

age at diagnosis, and cancer risk 278-9 ANCAs 6-7 aphthous ulcers 239 azathioprine 404-6 bowel rcst and TPN 329 cyclosporin 369-70, 407-8 dietary aspects 329 EGF, and ulcer-associated cell lineage 113 elemental diets 329 endoscopic indices 195 and female fertility 333 fetalimaternal impact 334 glucocorticosteroids 399 granulomatous vasculitis 48-51 inflammation aggressiveness 224 insurance ratings 355. 356 intestinal permeability 62-5.255-6

and inflammation 64-5 neutrophil response 64-5 and relapse 65 studies 8-9

long-term outcome, after pregnancy 336 and measles virus 49-51. 245 and mesenteric microvascular endothelium

49 mesenteric microvascular endothelium 377 methotrexate 408 monocytes. oxygen metabolite release 144 morbidity/mortality

postoperative 354 preoperative 353 Sweden 351-2

myenteric ganglion cells 149 and nerve growth factor 154 neuronal NO synthase 155 nutrition. and disease activity 328--9 and oligospermia 333 oral mesalamines 388-9 perianal, disease activity index ( Irvine) 194 pyloric/pseudopyloric metaplasia 109

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

and quality of life 342 remission, enteral nutrition effects 329 restorative proctocolectomy contraindication

294,296 and smoking 255

dose-response patterns 320 epidemiological findings 319-20 gender differences 322, 323

strictureplasty 427-8, 431 surnucous plexus, centrioles in neurons 154 TCR V{38, PB lymphocytes 91-2 therapy

Medline literature search 208, 209 RC trials, meta-analysis 206-17 trends meta-analysis 203-17

UACL 116 VH3-15 antibody 100-1 VIP-immunoreactive nerves 154-5

Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) 193-4, 385

and 5-ASNprednisone 388, 389 crypt systems, intestinal 107-8 crypts

abscesses HLA-B27 transgenic rats 229 IL-2 knockout mice 231

hyperplastic HLA-B27 transgenic rats 229 IL-2 knockout mice 231

stem cells 108 cyclooxygenase inhibitors, and anorexia 263 cyclophillin 363,371 cyclosporin 407-8

in Crohn's disease 369-70,430 side-effects 370,431 in ulcerative colitis 370

trials assessment 429-30 cystic fibrosis, intestinal permeability increase

64 cytokines 252-3

antagonists 370-1 and antigen sensitivity in mice 83-4 epithelial damage/restitution/proliferation

132-3 and epithelial function 130-6 as gut-brain anorexigenic signals 176, 177 imbalance

and B cell cytopathic autoantibody production 30

immunological effects 24 and immune accessory/adhesion molecules

133-4 immunoregulatory 253 and inflammatory eicosanoids 134-5 interactions with epithelium 129-36 NO synthase production 121, 123 production

by muscle cell 165-7 in IBD 121, 123

proinfiammatory 253 and mesenchymal cells 251

and stress 264 cytotoxic T cells, antigen-specific 90

DIPAS-positive neutral mucin 115 daily living 340-2, 350 Denmark, morbidity/mortality 352-3 diabetes, insulin-dependent

autoimmune 24-31,74-8 etiologic factors 76-7 genetic complexity 25 genetic susceptibility, environmental factors

30-1 induced/spontaneous models, comparison

28-30 insulin gene polymorphisms 75 MHC control 26-8 streptozocin-induced 29 T cell-mediated 29

diagnosis, laparoscopic 314 diarrhea, and chloride secretion 130-1 disaccharidase

deficiency 61 intestinal activities, assessment 61

disease heterogeneity, genetic/molecular markers 225

Dutch activity index, Crohn's disease 194

economic costs, USA 339 EDTA, intestinal permeability tests 54, 57, 60 eicosanoids

and chloride secretion 135 immunocyte, release 142 inflammatory, and cytokines 134-5 see also individual metabolites

eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 397 ELAM-1 251 elderly, restorative proctocolectomy 299-300 electrolytes, epithelial transport, and cytokines

130-2 elemental diets 409-10

in Crohn's disease 329 endo-anal anastomosis 297,300-1 endothelial-derived relaxing factor 125 enemas, comparisons 410-11 enkephalins 155 ENS see nervous system, enteric (ENS) enterocolitis

HIV-associated 239 interleukin-lO-deficient mice 41

enteroglucagon 109, 11 0 enteropathy

alcohol-induced 63 chronic renal failure, intestinal permeability

63 NSAID-induced 62-3, 238, 239 see also individual diseases

eosinophils, and epithelial function 144

436

INDEX

epidemiology 243-4 epidermal growth factor (EGF) 111,112-13,

115 and chloride secretion 131 receptor (EGFr) 112-13

epithelial cells colonic, antibodies to 10 and IBD 249-50 proinflammatory/chemotactic cytokine

production 135, 136 epithelial function

cytokine effects 13 0-6 and mast cells 140-3 mixed lymphocyte/monocyte effects 145 and T cells 144-5

epithelial proliferation, TGF-alTGF-f3 balance 133

epithelial transport cytokine effects 132 and immune stimulation 140

epithelium immunomodulation 139-146 proinflammatory eicosanoids 134-5

Escherichia coli antigens, antibodies, in UC 10 GAD isoforms 31

fatty acids, short-chain (SCFAs) 304, 330, 410

and fecal flora 307-8 in UC 256

fecal flora altered, metabolic effects 307-8 and pouchitis 306-8

feeding behaviour, and inflammation 171-3, 262-3

fertility male, and IBD 333 in women, and IBD 333

fiber, dietary, colonic cell proliferation III fibrinolysis, in IBD 377 fibroblast growth factor 115

basic (bFGF) 254 fibroblasts, collagen production 251 Finney-type strictureplasty 427 FK506 370 fluticasone proprionate 402 food intake, and inflammation 171-3,262-3 fusidic acid 409

gastroinestinal tract, innervation 150-1 gene deletions, murine, and IBD 82-3 genes, candidate, IBD 37

adverse effects 402 enemas and suppositories 402-3 intravenous 398-9 oral 399-402

a-glucosidase inhibitors, and sucrose hydrolysis 61

glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) 30 gluten intolerance, in UC 10 glycogen storage disease, type Ib 36 granulomas, vascular, Crohn's disease 48-51 granulomatous colitis, and nitric oxide 121-5 Graves' thyroid disease, and Graves'

ophthalmopathy 76 growth factors 107-17, 129,253-4

and chloride secretion 131 luminal content-induced 110-11 roleinIBD 115-17 source 109-11

growth retardation, Crohn's disease, elemental diet effects 329

gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) 24, 89

Heineke-Mikulicz strictureplasty 427 hematopoietic stem cell, IDDM 26 heparin, in ulcerative colitis 377-8 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 36 histamine, mast cell mediation 142 HIY, and enterocolitis 239 HLA, organ-specific, immune disorders 74-5 HLA class II genes, and ANCAs 8, 244 HLA-B27

human, in intestinal inflammation models 17-18

HLA-B27 and inflammatory disorders 25 spondyloarthritis association 238

HLA-B27 syndrome 229 HL-B27-f3z-microglobulin transgenic rats

229-30,235 immunocyte-mediated colitis 230

HLA-D, and pANCA-positive UC patients 98 HLA-DR, and interferon-gamma 133 HLA-DRIIDQ5, Crohn's disease 244 HLA-DR2, and ulcerative colitis 8, 244

ANC-positivity 222 HLA-DR4

rhematoid arthritis 221 and ulcerative colitis, ANCA-negativity

222

genetic modification, animal, hypotheses testing

hormones, luminal content-induced 110-11 human lBD, subclinical markers 5-12,221-5 human potential models, lBD 237,238-9 humoral immunity 248-9 hydroxychloroquine 412 hypercholesterolemia, familial 36,37 hyperlipidemia, type III 37 hypogammaglobulinaemia, intestinal

40-1 genotype, mutant, reduced penetrance 5 germ-free rodents, colitis development 85 gliadin, IgA antibodies, in UC 10 glucocorticosteroids permeability increase 64

437

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

ICAM-I 133,166,251,379 exon 5, and ANCAs, in UC 223

ICAM-2 379 Idd genes, non-MHC, and diabetogenesis

27~8

IgA anti-TNP response, and TNBS oral tolerance

84 and mucosal immune response 81~2

IgG anti-TNP response, and TNBS oral tolerance

84 antigen activity 97 subclasses, mucosal production, in UC 10

ileitis diversion, in pouches 305 prestomal 287

ileoanal anastomosis leak rate 426-7 sutured versus staples 426~ 7

ileoanal pouch, complications in IBS 272 ileocolonic resection, left colon distension

272 ileorectal anastomosis 295

indications and contraindications 297~8 rectal carcinoma risk 297~8

ileostomy cancer 287 early necrosis 274-5 hernia 287 loop 287~8

morbidity 431 postoperative pregnancy 335 stenosis 285, 287 terminal 283-4 see also colostomy; stoma; stomal

complications immune regulation, modulation by stress 271 immunogenetics 234,244-5 immunoglobulin therapy 370,408 immunologic homunculus, and cognitive

paradigm 85 immunological factors 248~55

immunomodulators 403~9

immunoregulation defects, genetically determined 20-1

immunosuppression, and intestinal inflammation 234

immunosuppressive therapy 431 and pregnancy 335~6

immunotherapy 367~71

indomethacin and anorexia in colitis 175 rat inflammation induction 18~ 19

inflammation chronic, genetic susceptibility 20~ 1 initiation 20

insulin autoimmune syndrome, HLA-DR4 association 7 4~ 5

insulin-like growth factors (IGF) liS insulin parenteral

diabetes type I prevention 77~8

see also diabetes insurance 347,354-7,412

life, application evaluation/rating process 349

patient questionnaire results 348~9

rejection rates 348~9

interferons 412 interleukin-I (IL-I)

and anorexia in colitis 174~5, 263 receptor antagonist 263, 409

interleukin-I f3 (IL-I m 166 and smooth muscle growth 164

interleukin-2 (IL-2) knockout mice, pancolitis 230-1,235

interleukin-IO (IL-I O)-deficient mice, intestinal inflammation 231 ~2, 235

interleukins, and cytokine imbalance 24 intestinal collagenous microscopic diversion

239 intestinal epithelial lymphocytes (IEL)

differentiation 88~90

in IBD 91~2

intestinal inflammation, genetically-engineered models 17~18

see also colitis; inflammation; and named diseases

intraepitheliallymphocytes (IEL) 144,250 ion secretion, mast cell/nerve interaction 142 irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) 167, 271

concurrent IBD 272~3

IBD relationship 264-5 ileoanal pouch complications 272

ischaemia intestinal, and ileostomy necrosis 285 and pouchitis 309

K76408 Kawasaki's disease, Vf32IVf38 TCR 92 Koch ileal reservoir 295

lactulose, intestinal permeability tests 54, 57, 58

lamina propria, IgG/IgA secreting cells, IL-2 knockout mice 231

lamina propria lymphocytes (LPL) 144,250 in IBD 91~2

and pouchitis 304~ 5, 306 VH gene 99~ 100

laparoscopic surgery abdominal 313~15

and patient recovery 315 leukocyte adhesion molecules 378~80

leukotriene B4, and pouchitis 309 leukotriene receptor antagoanists 397 LFA-l 251 lidocaine 412

438

INDEX

in colitis/proctosigmoiditis 157 enemas 375-6

lifestyle modification 411-12 lipid mediators 252 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

and IL-6/TNF-a levels 232 phagocyte activation 144

12-lipoxygenase, epithelial 134 S' -lipoxygenase inhibitors 396-7 low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) 36,

37 luminal aggressive factors, and increased

intestinal permeability 62, 63-4 luminal nutrition, cell proliferation 110 lymphocytes, function, nerve-associated 156 Iymphocytotoxic antibodies, and CD II

mannitol, intestinal permeability tests 57-9 markers, subclinical, TBD 5-12,221-5,238,

244-5 and genetic studies 5-6, 221-5

marmosets, colonic disorders 16 mast cells

and epithelial function 140-3 nerve interaction, intestinal mucosa 142 nerve-associated IS 5-6

max-eicosapentaenoic acid 397 mean arterial pressure (MAP), L-NAME effects

122, 124, 125 measles virus

and Crohn's disease 49-51,245 and mesenteric microvascular endothelium

49-51 medication costs

and social conscience 412-13 USA 413

medications side-effects 430-1 see also groups and individual products

melibiose, intestinal permeability tests 54, 57 6-mercaptopurine 368, 403-7 mesalamine 386-7

CD maintenance therapy 390-1 enemas/suppositories 392, 396, 403 oral 387-92

bioavailability 388 side-effects, versus sulfasalazine 391

Mesasal (Claversal; Salofalk) 388-9 mesenchymal cells 250-1 mesenteric microvascular endothelium

and Crohn's disease 49 and measles virus 49-51

meta-analysis criteria 204, 205-6 Crohn's disease therapy 203-17 cumulative 206 process 204

methotrexate 369 in Crohn's disease 408

trials assessment 428-9 side-effects 431

6-methylprednisolone 399,401 sulfasalazine combination, in Crohn's disease

401 metronidazole

in Crohn's disease 397-8 in pouchitis 307, 398 and pregnancy 335

microbial infections, intestinal permeability increase 63-4

,6rmicroglobulin and inflammatory disorders 25 in intestinal inflammation models 17-18

MK866, and anorexia in colitis 175 monogenic syndromes, rare 36 morbidity/mortality

Canada 350-1 Sweden 3512

morcellation, laparoscopic 315 mouse

C 3H/HeJ substrain, colitis 17 gene deletions, and TBD 82-3 inbred strains, induced inflammation

19-20,21 mucm

abnormalities, in UC II secretion, and capsaicin-sensitive nerves

153 mucosal defence, and intestinal permeability

64 mucosal homeostasis, and T cell suppression

234 mucosal immune regulation 81-5

concepts 81-2 mucosal T cells

alterations in TBD 91-2 differentiation 88-90

mucosectomy 426 avoidance 300--1 and cndo-anal anastomosis 297, 300-1

mucus glycoprotein fraction IV, in cottontop tamarins 16

myasthenia gravis and autoimmunity 76 HLA associations 75

myelopcroxidase (MPO), and anorexia 173-4, 263

L-NAME anti-inflammatory activity 124 NO synthase inhibition 122, 124-5 PUlPS colon leukocyte inhibition 125

nervous system, enteric (ENS) 375 in intestinal inflammation 149-57

animal studies 151-4

439

human studies 154-5 transmitters and receptors 153-4

neuroactive compounds, inflammation

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

modulation 156-7 neurogenic inflammation 150 neuromuscular function, and mucosal

inflammation 264-5 neuropeptides 254, 264

IBD pathogenesis mediation 375--6 neutrophils

chemotactic factors, and intestinal permeability 62, 63

and epithelial function 144 transmigration, and IFN-gamma l33-4

nicotine 4ll in UC 156-7,321,324-5

Nippostrongylus infection, IL-IO-deficient mice 232

nitric oxide (NO) 143 and chronic granulomatous colitis 121-5

colitis induction 122 colonic injury/inflammation indices 122 study results 123

gut mutagenic/carcinogenic alterations 125 synthase (NOS) 121, 123-4

inhibition 122 nitrogen oxides, plasma levels

attenuation by AG 124-3 PGIPS effects 123-4

NOD H2 gene 26-7 NOD mice

diabetogenesis MHC control 26-8 non-MHC Idd genes 27-8

immunoregulation deficiencies 31 NSAIDs 4ll

intestinal damage 62-3,238,239 intestinal permeability increase 62-3

nutrition Crohn's disease activity effects 328-9 enteral 409-10 total parenteral (TPN) 409

in Crohn's disease 329 nutritional status, IBD effects 328 nutritional therapy 409-11

role in IBD 330

oligospermia, Crohn's disease-related 333 olsalazine (Depentum) 388 omega-3 fatty acids 330, 397 ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), and IL-l l32 oxygen metabolites, reactive 254-5 oxytocin, and anorexia 173

P40 249 pancreatitis, azathioprine-associated 406 Paneth cell metaplasia 109 panproctoo1ectomy 294, 295 pathogenesis ofIBD 243-56,367

spontaneous colitis, animal models 227-35, 245-8

patients, treatment options, awareness 431

PEG 400, intestinal permeability tests 53, 54, 56

pelvic pouch configurations 425 controversies 425-7

Pentasa 388 in Crohn's disease 389-90

peptides, in animal GI inflammation 151-2 peptidoglycan-polysaccharide (PGIPS), rat

inflammation induction 18, 19 permeability, intestinal 53-65, 166

breakers 62-3 change localization 60-1 and Crohn's disease 8-9, 62-5, 255-6 in Crohn's disease relatives 9 differential urinary excretion 54--6 and enteral nutrition, in Crohn's disease

410 hyperosmolar stress 56-7 and IFN-y l32 increase, pathogenic aspects 62-4 osmotic filters 57 and smoking 324 solute absorption effects 56 test dose composition 56-9 test markers

analyses 59 choice 54--6, 57, 59 combinations 60

test substance urinary excretion 54--6 urine collection 59

phagocytes enhanced NO production in colitis 121,

123 and epithelial function 143-4 inflammatory mediator release 143-4

platelet-activating factor (PAF) 143 and pouchitis 309

platelet aggregation 377 platelet-derived growth factor, and smooth

muscle growth 164 polyamines, and intestinal luminal growth

llO polyendocrine autoimmune syndromes 73-4

type 1, autosomal recessive inheritance 74 positional cloning (reverse genetics) 39-40

congenic mouse strains 39-40 pouch-anal anastomosis, end-to-end 297,

299,300-1 pouchitis 239,296,305-9,425

and ANCAs 7,224

440

and bile salts 308 and colonic metaplasia 305, 306 etiological factors 306-9 evolution 306 immune mechanism 308-9 and ischaemia 309 lamina propria inflammatory cells 304 metronidazole 398

INDEX

mucosal histology 304-6 SCFA levels 307-8 villous atrophy 304-5, 306

predisposing factors for IBD 243-4 prednisolone

azathioprine combination, in Crohn's disease 405-6

versus elemental diet 410 prednisone

CD maintenance therapy 400-1 oral 399-402 sulfasalazine combination therapy 392, 396

pregnancy and azathioprine therapy 406-7 drug treatment during 335-6 and lBD 334-6

disease long-term outcome 336 surgical treatment during 335

proctitis, colorectal cancer risk 279 proctocolectomy, restorative

and colorectal cancer 297 contraindications 296-7 older patients 299-300 with pelvic ileal reservoir 298-300 two-stage procedure 298-9 urgent/emergency operations 297

proctosigmoiditis acute, and IBS symptoms 272 refractory, cyc\osporin enemas 408

prostaglandin E2 165 prostaglandins, and immune cell activation

145 pS2 113,114 psychological problems, concurrent with IBD

271,339 psychosocial factors/symptoms 270-1 purine analogs

lBD immunotherapy 368,371 opportunistic neoplasia 368

quality oflife 338-43, 350, 386, 412, 428 after medical therapy 339-40 ambulatory patients 340 IBD/other disease comparisons 342-3 and pelvic pouches 425-6 postoperative 339 questionnaire 339-43 surgery versus immunosuppressants 431 UC/CD comparisons 342

quantitative trait loci mapping, in animal models 37-8

raffinose, intestinal permeability tests 54, 57 randomizedlcontrolled/double-blind trials

186,197,206-17 rat strains, inbred, induced inflammation

18-19,20-1 RCT see randomized/controlled/double-blind

trials

renal failure, enteropathy, intestinal permeability 63

restriction fragment length variants (RFLV s), and positional cloning 40

L-rhamnose, intestinal permeability tests 54, 57

rheumatoid arthritis, HLA-DR4 221 rifabutin, ethambutol combination, in Crohn's

disease 398 risk factors, forIBD 237-8 rodent strains, inbred, induced inflammation

18--21 Rotavirus enteritis, lactase deficiency 61 rubella infection, congenital diabetes type I

risk 76

St Marks' index for extensive UC 193 Salmonella enteritis, IBS-like symptoms 265 sarcoidosis, and smoking 323 sarcomas, connective tissue, and IBD 278 SCFA see fatty acids, short-chain scm mice

CD45RB surface antigen, and colitis 84-5 lymphocyte subset reconstituted 233

selectins 251, 379-80 serotonin, mast cell mediation 142 sialomucins, small bowel 305 Simple Index ofCrohn's disease 194 small bowel

antigenetic environment, differences from colon 82

cancer, and Crohn's disease 278 resection, restorative proctocolectomy

contraindication 297 smoking 411, 412

441

cessation, UC onset time-relationship 321 and IBD 255

biological role 323-4 clinical course effects 321-2 epidemiological findings 319-20 epidemiological trends 322-3 passive smoking 325

and immunity 323-4 and intestinal permeability 324

smooth muscle cells collagen production 165 cytokine production 165-7 and MHC class Il expression 166-7

smooth muscle, contractility changes in inflammation 162-5 mechanism 163 regional differences 162-3

smooth muscle, trophic changes, in inflammation 164-5

social aspects 338-43, 350 sodium butyrate enemas 410 sodium pump activity, muscular, inflamed

jejunum 163 soluble mediators 252-5

INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE

SP (spasmolytic peptide) 114 specific-pathogen-free (SPF) state, and rodent

IBD 30-1 spondyloarthritis, HLA-B27-associated 238 spontaneous inflammatory models 15-17 staphylococcal enterotoxins Band E, and V f38

T cells 92 stoma

closure, laparoscopic technique 314 prolapse 286 retraction 286 ulceration/fistula formation 286-7 see also colostomy; ileostomy

stomal complications algorithm 284 management 283-91 prestomal ileitis 287 repeated leakage 284 surgical revision 284-5

streptozocin, IDDM induction 29 stress 375

effects on IBD patients 270-1 GI tract effects 269-70 gut function relationship, mechanisms 269 and IBD 263-4, 268-73 immune regulation modulation 271 mucosal changes, animal studies 270

strictureplasty in Crohn's disease 427-8, 431 long-term follow-up 427-8 postoperative obstruction 427

substance P 150,375 in animal GI inflammation 151-2 in Crohn's disease 155 in ulcerative colitis 155

sucralfate 412 sulfasalazine 386-7

and breast feeding 336 male fertility 333 6-methylprednisolone combination, in

Crohn's disease 401 prednisone combination therapy 392, 396 and pregnancy 335 side-effects 362 in UC, and colorectal cancer risk 280-1 UC maintenance therapy 387

superantigens, T cell subset activation 91, 92 surgical therapy

postoperative morbidity 431 procedure choice 424-5 ulcerative colitis 424-5

surgical trials 197-202 blinding 189 and condition rarity 200 disincentives 201-2 feasibility issues 200-2 methodological issues 198-200 obsolete procedure 200 and patient preferences 20 I

and placebo effect 198-9 procedure standardization 189 randomized controlled 197-8 study group makeup 197 and surgeon preferences 201-2 timing 200

T cell receptor (TCR) composition 90 T cell activation triggering 90-1 Vf32Nf38, Kawasaki's disease 92 Vf38, Crohn's disease 91-2

af3T cell receptor-deficient mice, colitis 232-3

T cell receptors (TCR) antigen recognition 88, 90 V f3 gene, and T cell islet infiltration 29

T cells apheresis 370,409 apoptosis, TCR-activated 90 and epithelial function 144-5 repertoire, and IBD 88-93 suppression, and mucosal homeostasis 234

T helper cells, Th1lTh2 balance, and IBD 82 T suppressor cells, function deficiency 31 tetrodotoxin (TTX), short-circuit current block

142 TH,/TH2 lymphokines, balance dysregulation,

intestinal inflammation 233 thromboembolism, and IBD 377-8 tixocortol pivalate 402 TNBS

colitis, induction, B cell response 83 mice, mucosal immune regulation studies

83-4 oral tolerance induction 83-4

tobramycin, oral, in ulcerative colitis 398 transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-a)

111,112-13,115 transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-f3)

and chloride secretion 131 functions in IBD 113-14, 115 mast cell 143 muscle cell collagen synthesis 165

transforming growth factor-beta, (TGF-f3,)-deficient mice 233-4

trefoil factor, intestinal (ITF) 114 trefoil peptides 113, 114 Trichinella spiralis jejunitis

substance P 151 transmitters and receptors 153-4

tropomyosin 249 Truelove and Witts UC classification 193 tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) 309

IFN-y synergism 132 mast cell 143

UACL see ulcer-associated lineage UC see ulcerative colitis ulcer-associated cell lineage (UACL) 113,

115-17

442

INDEX

ulcerative colitis anal sphincter adequacy 296 ANCA-negativity, and ICAM-llexon 5 223 ANCA-positivity frequency 6 azathioprine 403-4 B cells, IgG I expression 98 crypt changes 108-9 cyclosporin 370,407,408 differential diagnosis 294 familial 222 and female fertility 333 fetal/maternal impact 334 HLA associations 8,222-3,244 ileorectal anastomosis 297-8 and immune system dysfunction 41 immunosuppressant dangers 431 inflammation aggressiveness 224 insurance ratings 355, 356 5'-lipoxygenase inhibitors 396-7 long-term outcome, after pregnancy 336 maintenance therapy, ASA-5 versus placebo

363 mesalamine enemas/suppositories 392,

396,403 morbidity and mortality, Denmark 352-3 myenteric ganglion cells 149 pANCA as marker 98 Paneth cell metaplasia 109 post-colectomy patients, ANCAs 7 preoperative counselling 295-6 and quality of life 342 reconstructive surgery 293-301

anal sphincter preservation 294-5 procedure choice 294-5

resistant left-sided, and ANCAs 224

SCFAlbutyrate enemas 256 and smoking

colectomy rate 321 disease extension 321-2 dose-response patterns 320 epidemiological findings 319-20 gender differences 321, 323

standardized mortality ratio for malignancies 277-8

sulfasalazine therapy, and colorectal cancer risk 280-1

surgery 424-5 versus immunosuppressants 429-30

VH3-15 antibody 100-1 VIP-immunoreactive nerves 155

unitarian hypothesis, intestinal cytogenesis 107-8

VAM-l 251 vasculitis, granulomatous, Crohn's disease

48-51 and measles virus 49-51

vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) 151, 271,375

and IgAlIgG production 254 VCAM-I 379 verapamil 412 VH3-15 antibodies, and UC 100 viruses, and Crohn's disease 245 VLA-4 251,379

weight loss, in Crohn's disease 170-1

Yersinia enterocolitica 229

443