Increased communication Copper wire stretched across nation Encoded messages Samuel B. Morse.
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Transcript of Increased communication Copper wire stretched across nation Encoded messages Samuel B. Morse.
![Page 1: Increased communication Copper wire stretched across nation Encoded messages Samuel B. Morse.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e7d5503460f94b80ad5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Increased communication Copper wire stretched across nation Encoded messages Samuel B. Morse
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Telegraph Increased communication Copper wire stretched across nation Encoded messages Samuel B. Morse
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Increased communication Live speech over wire Alexander Graham Bell
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Telephone Increased communication Live speech over wire Alexander Graham Bell
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Increased the amount of time a factory could run
Increased daylight time through artificial means
Thomas Edison
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Light Bulb Increased the amount of time a factory
could run Increased daylight time through artificial
means Thomas Edison
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Enabled buildings to have more than two floors
Taller buildings in cities Moved people up to higher floors
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Elevator Enabled buildings to have more than two
floors Taller buildings in cities Moved people up to higher floors
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Enabled buildings to have more than two floors
Taller buildings in cities Bessemer Process enabled this to be
produced in large quantities
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Steel Beams Enabled buildings to have more than two
floors Taller buildings in cities Bessemer Process enabled this to be
produced in large quantities
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Increased communication Increased rate at which letters and
documents could be written and exchanged Christopher Sholes
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Typewriter Increased communication Increased rate at which letters and
documents could be written and exchanged Christopher Sholes
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European Immigrants came through this location for processing
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Ellis Island European Immigrants came through this
location for processing
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Asian Immigrants came through this location for processing
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Angel Island Asian Immigrants came through this
location for processing
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Different cultures come together and create a new American culture
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Melting Pot Different cultures come together and create
a new American culture
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Presence of many different cultures in one society
Tossed Salad Theory
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Cultural Pluralism Presence of many different cultures in one
society Tossed Salad Theory
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Location where immigrants from a certain country live together in a city
Maintain native language and practices
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Ethnic Ghetto Location where immigrants from a certain
country live together in a city Maintain native language and practices
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Opposed to further immigration For home born natives
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Nativism Opposed to further immigration For home born natives
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Political party Opposed to further immigration For home born natives
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Know-Nothings Political party Opposed to further immigration For home born natives
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America’s first discrimination law Prohibited Chinese immigrants from legally
coming to US Only allowed educated and merchants in
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Chinese Exclusion Act America’s first discrimination law Prohibited Chinese immigrants from legally
coming to US Only allowed educated and merchants in
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Apartments of the poor Large families or multiple families lived in
one room apartments Unsanitary Unsafe Shaped like a dumb bell
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Tenements Apartments of the poor Large families or multiple families lived in
one room apartments Unsanitary Unsafe Shaped like a dumb bell
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Makeshift factory In small apartment or unused buildings Poorly lit Poorly ventilated Unsafe Hired poor workers Long hours for little pay
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Sweatshops Makeshift factory In small apartment or unused buildings Poorly lit Poorly ventilated Unsafe Hired poor workers Long hours for little pay
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Leader of the Social Gospel Movements Established the Settlement House
Movement Hull House
“The Mother of Social Work”
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Jane Addams Leader of the Social Gospel Movements Established the Settlement House
Movement Hull House
“The Mother of Social Work”
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Wrote: How the Other Half Lives Exposed terrible living and working conditions of
the immigrants
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Jacob Riis Wrote: How the Other Half Lives
Exposed terrible living and working conditions of the immigrants
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Movement Christian Duty to help the poor
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Social Gospel Movement Christian Duty to help the poor
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Transportation that enabled the rich to move out of the city
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Electric Trolleys Transportation that enabled the rich to
move out of the city
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Saloons Dance halls Cabarets Amusement parks Vaudeville shows Moving picture industry Spectator sports Planned parks: Frederick Olmstead
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Gilded Age Entertainment Saloons Dance halls Cabarets Amusement parks Vaudeville shows Moving picture industry Spectator sports Planned parks: Frederick Olmstead
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Process that could make steel quicker and more efficiently
Enabled builders to build skyscrapers
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Bessemer Process Process that could make steel quicker and
more efficiently Enabled builders to build skyscrapers
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Robber Baron Steel industry Used vertical integration to control steel
industry Buy out suppliers
Created a monopoly Gospel of Wealth
Responsibility of the wealthy to help others
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Andrew Carnegie Robber Baron Steel industry Used vertical integration to control steel
industry Buy out suppliers
Created a monopoly Gospel of Wealth
Responsibility of the wealthy to help others
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Drilled for oil in western Pennsylvania 1st oil fields
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Edwin L. Drake Drilled for oil in western Pennsylvania 1st oil fields
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Robber Baron Standard Oil Nation’s 1st Trust
Trust: companies unite to destroy competition
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John D. Rockefeller Robber Baron Standard Oil Nation’s 1st Trust
Trust: companies unite to destroy competition
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Companies buy out business in the same industry
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Horizontal Integration Companies buy out business in the same
industry
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Companies buy out suppliers of their industry so they control the market from raw material to finished product
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Vertical Integration Companies buy out suppliers of their
industry so they control the market from raw material to finished product
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Robber Baron Railroad Industry
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Cornelius Vanderbilt Robber Baron Railroad Industry
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Robber Baron Finance Capitalist
Bankers who exerted economic influence through companies stocks and bonds
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J.P. Morgan Robber Baron Finance Capitalist
Bankers who exerted economic influence through companies stocks and bonds
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Robber Baron Electricity Created AC (Alternating Current) Westinghouse Electric Company
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George Westinghouse Robber Baron Electricity Created AC (Alternating Current) Westinghouse Electric Company
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Directors of one company could serve as director for another company
Enabled them to control industries
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Interlocking Directorates Directors of one company could serve as
director for another company Enabled them to control industries
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Introduced by Herbert Spencer Survival of the Fittest applied to business
and economics Justified the rich being extremely rich
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Social Darwinism Introduced by Herbert Spencer Survival of the Fittest applied to business
and economics Justified the rich being extremely rich
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Introduced American Dream No matter how poor, an individual could
“pull themselves up by their bootstraps” and become rich
Wrote books about poor children growing up to be rich
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Horatio Alger Introduced American Dream No matter how poor, an individual could
“pull themselves up by their bootstraps” and become rich
Wrote books about poor children growing up to be rich
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Name of period of early industrialization Early 1900s Mark Twain gave name because the era
glittered on the outside and was corrupt on the inside
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Gilded Age Name of period of early industrialization Early 1900s Mark Twain gave name because the era
glittered on the outside and was corrupt on the inside
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Low wages Hazardous work conditions Long hours Child labor Women working
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Causes of Labor Unions Low wages Hazardous work conditions Long hours Child labor Women working
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Organizations of workers formed to protect the interests of its members
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Labor Unions Organizations of workers formed to protect
the interests of its members
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Labor unions open to skilled workers who practiced a specific craft
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Craft Unions Labor unions open to skilled workers who
practiced a specific craft
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Labor unions open to less skilled workers
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Trade Union Labor unions open to less skilled workers
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Labor Union Leader: Terence Powderly Wanted to organize all men and women
into a single union Reform
Equal pay for equal work Eight hour day End child labor
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Knights of Labor Labor Union Leader: Terence Powderly Wanted to organize all men and women
into a single union Reform
Equal pay for equal work Eight hour day End child labor
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Labor Union Leader: Samuel Gompers Focused on wages, work hours and work
conditions Used
Strikes Boycotts Collective bargaining and mediation Arbitration
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AFL: American Federation of Labor Labor Union Leader: Samuel Gompers Focused on wages, work hours and work
conditions Used
Strikes Boycotts Collective bargaining and mediation Arbitration
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Labor Union Organized by railroad workers: skilled and
unskilled Eugene Debs: leader
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IWW: Industrial Workers of the World
Labor Union Organized by railroad workers: skilled and
unskilled Eugene Debs: leader
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Employee signs promising not to join a union
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Yellow Dog Contract Employee signs promising not to join a
union
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Replacement workers
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Scabs Replacement workers
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Lists of workers who employers would refuse to hire because they were active Union members
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blacklists Lists of workers who employers would
refuse to hire because they were active Union members
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Yellow-dog contracts Blacklists Lockouts Scabs Injunctions
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Methods Owners used to prevent Unions and strikes
Yellow-dog contracts Blacklists Lockouts Scabs Injunctions
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Railroad Strike Workers upset by wage cuts
Became violent Rutherford B. Hayes sent in troops to stop
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Great Strike of 1877 Railroad Strike
Workers upset by wage cuts
Became violent Rutherford B. Hayes sent in troops to stop
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Turning point Strike Riot broke out and a bomb killed seven
officers
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Haymarket Riot Turning point Strike Riot broke out and a bomb killed seven
officers
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Strike Steel workers at Carnegie Steel Carnegie sent out private police force
(Pinkertons) to put down strike Violence broke out
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Homestead Strike Strike Steel workers at Carnegie Steel Carnegie sent out private police force
(Pinkertons) to put down strike Violence broke out
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Strike Railroad car industry Plant closed Company town still charged same rate for
rent and food Owners got an injunction against union Federal government sent out troops
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Pullman Strike Strike Railroad car industry Plant closed Company town still charged same rate for
rent and food Owners got an injunction against union Federal government sent out troops
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President Grant’s Administration Scandal in which internal revenue
collectors tried to skim money off taxes collected for whiskey
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Whiskey Ring Scandal President Grant’s Administration Scandal in which internal revenue
collectors tried to skim money off taxes collected for whiskey
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President Grant’s Administration Scandal in which government officials and
stockholders in the Union Pacific railroad set up a dummy company to skim money off land grants
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Credit Mobilier Scandal President Grant’s Administration Scandal in which government officials and
stockholders in the Union Pacific railroad set up a dummy company to skim money off land grants
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Passed as a result of Garfield’s assassination by an office seeker
Established the civil service exam for appointment to any official position
Got rid of the spoils system
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Pendleton Civil Service Act Passed as a result of Garfield’s
assassination by an office seeker Established the civil service exam for
appointment to any official position Got rid of the spoils system
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Unofficial entity meant to keep a certain party or group in power
Used graft, corruption and bribery Headed by a boss
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Political Machine Unofficial entity meant to keep a certain
party or group in power Used graft, corruption and bribery Headed by a boss
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Political Machine Boss Ran New York’s Tammany Hall
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Boss William Tweed Political Machine Boss Ran New York’s Tammany Hall
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Muckraker Exposed the political corruption of the
political machine Went after “Boss” Tweed
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Thomas Nast Muckraker Exposed the political corruption of the
political machine Went after “Boss” Tweed
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Republicans who turned against their party and voted for Cleveland in the Election of 1884
Against patronage
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Mugwumps Republicans who turned against their party
and voted for Cleveland in the Election of 1884
Against patronage
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Created the Interstate Commerce Commission
Regulated railroad rates The Grange pushed for this law
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Interstate Commerce Act Created the Interstate Commerce
Commission Regulated railroad rates The Grange pushed for this law
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Made monopolies illegal Ensured fair competition
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Sherman Antitrust Act Made monopolies illegal Ensured fair competition
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1st time Sherman Antitrust Act used to break-up a monopoly
Could not break-up monopolies in manufacturing
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US v. EC Knight 1st time Sherman Antitrust Act used to
break-up a monopoly Could not break-up monopolies in
manufacturing
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Australian ballot Individuals cast vote in secret
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Secret Ballot Australian ballot Individuals cast vote in secret
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People have the power to remove corrupt officials
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Recall People have the power to remove corrupt
officials
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People elect candidate by popular vote
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Referendum People elect candidate by popular vote
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People can force a vote on an issue onto a ballot
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Initiative People can force a vote on an issue onto a
ballot
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Third party negotiations in a labor dispute
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Arbitration Third party negotiations in a labor dispute