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In the early 1900s, Native Americans could not attend schools for whites or schools for blacks. Some who wanted a formal education chose to attend one of the new state-funded "Indian" schools like this. * Robinson, J., Bowman, R, et al. (1977). Building Cultural Bridges-Leader's Guide. Bloomington, IN. National Education Service.

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* Keith M. Kilty & Maria Vidal de Haymes (2000): Racism, Nativism, and Exclusion, Journal of Poverty, 4:1-2, page.3

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Three civil rights workers, Michael Schwerner, James Chaney and Andrew Goodman, all shot in the dark of night on a lonely road in Neshoba County, Mississippi. * Robinson, J., Bowman, R, et al. (1977). Building Cultural Bridges-Leader's Guide. Bloomington, IN. National Education Service.

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U.s. Census Bureau, 2009 American Community Survey Spanish is the second most used language in the United States.Spanish is the second most used language in the United States. Spanish is the primary language spoken at home by over 35.5 million people aged five or older.Spanish is the primary language spoken at home by over 35.5 million people aged five or older. Roughly half of all U.S. Spanish speakers also speak English "very well", based on the self-assessment Census question respondents.Roughly half of all U.S. Spanish speakers also speak English "very well", based on the self-assessment Census question respondents. Approximately 70% of Latinos in Michigan are Spanish speakers.Approximately 70% of Latinos in Michigan are Spanish speakers. 1.- Mexico 110,651,490 2.- United States 50,000,000 3.- Spain 46,585,009 4.- Colombia 45,830,400 5.- Argentina 40,655,093 Moreno Fernndez, Francisco and Otero Roth, Jaime (2006) Demografa de la lengua espaola.Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto Complutense de Estudios Internacionales. North American Academy of the Spanish Language.

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Demographic Profile of Hispanics in Michigan, 2009. Pew Hispanic Center.

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Workers at Los Cuatro Amigos in Bangor Township. In the last 10 years, Bay County's Hispanic population has increased by nearly 800 people. Mlive.com. Rise in Hispanic population makes Bay County more diverse. Sunday, March 27, 2011 Miller, Steve R., Martinez, Ruben O and Amy Fuan. April 2010. Measuring the Economic and Fiscal Contributions of Michigans Latino Population

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Mlive.com. Census: Hispanic poised to become majority minority. Sunday, March 13, 2011.

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Fact Sheet: Latino Children in Child Welfare. Casey Family Programs; Marguerite Casey Foundation; Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2009

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* Fact Sheet: Latino Children in Child Welfare. Casey Family Programs; Marguerite Casey Foundation; Annie E. Casey Foundation. 2009

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Appropriate community based services.Appropriate community based services. Culture and language indicators in outcome evaluation.Culture and language indicators in outcome evaluation. City and State agencies to report their progress in developing culturally and linguistically competent capacity in all areas of child welfare and demonstrate indicators measuring progress.City and State agencies to report their progress in developing culturally and linguistically competent capacity in all areas of child welfare and demonstrate indicators measuring progress. Child welfare services providers that have the knowledge of immigration policies that impact the protection and safety of children.Child welfare services providers that have the knowledge of immigration policies that impact the protection and safety of children. Robert M. Ortega, Cindy Guillean, Lourdes Gutierrez Najera. Latinos and child welfare = Latinos y el bienestar del nio : voces de la communidad, the University of Michigan School of Social Work, and the National Latino Child Welfare Advocacy Group. Publisher Ann Arbor, Mich. : University of Michigan School of Social Work, 1996. Suleiman, Layla P., Building a Better Future for Latino Families, The Committee for Hispanic Children and Families, April 2001. Vanessa Ramos, Noah Franklin, Layla P. Suleiman Gonzalez and Keren Abina-Sotomayor. The State of Latino Families in New York 2011. The Committee for Hispanic Children and Families, Inc. 2011

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