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Transcript of In rea introducingsolarelectricity2009
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
http://www.indianarenew.org
1
Solar Electricity for Indiana
Adapted from:“Solar Electricity for
Illinois”With permission from
The Illinois Solar Energy Association
www.illinoissolar.org
April 11, 2023NWI Green Drinks
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
http://www.indianarenew.org
2
Indiana Renewable Energy Association
• Indiana Chapter of the American Solar Energy Society• Founded January 16, 2008 • Promoting environmental sustainability in Indiana through
the use of renewable energy• InREA is striving to:
* Raise public awareness about renewable energy through public education workshops like this one
* Work with government to promote legislation favorable to renewable energy
* Promote employment opportunities through green job creation
Visit us on the web:
http://www.indianarenew.org
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
http://www.indianarenew.org
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Illinois Solar Energy Association
• Chapter of American Solar Energy Society• Is almost 40 years old, and is a 501(c)
(3)orgainzation• Has 500 members and 50 businesses and
orgainzations• The ISEA:
– We educate the public about solar, wind and other renewable energies in Illinois,
– We offer classes & workshops through membership, – We organize the Annual Illinois-wide Tour of Solar
Buildings– We furnish policy analysis to business and government,– And we publish the Heliographs newsletter.
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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Tonight’s presentation is an introduction to Solar Electricity, or
“Photovoltaics”• ISEA offers Solar 101, a half-day workshop.
To find out more visit their website: http://www.illinoissolar.org/
• To take one of their classes, you must join ISEA
• Membership is VERY REASONABLE!– Individual - $30– Family - $40– Seniors and Student - $20
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
http://www.indianarenew.org
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Solar Electricity is Photovoltaic (PV) Energy and is not Solar Thermal
Energy
Solar Thermal is about capturing the heat from the sun
Photovoltaic Technology is about making electricity directly from the sun.
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Some basics: Solar electrical energy is mostly from the Visible range of the solar spectrum
The Sun’s energy: about 51% is in Infrared about 46% is in Visible light about 3% is in UV radiation
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More Basics: A quick definition for the glossary:
Primary Energy• Primary Energy is
energy contained in raw fuels such as coal, oil, gas, uranium, wood, or solar.
• Electricity is NOT a primary energy, as it is derived from Primary Energy resources.
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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Primary Fossil mix in the US Electric Grid (from the US EIA)
* 96% of Indiana’s electricity comes from
burning coal
*
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Primary Fossil energy costs are rising rapidly
US EIA sources 2003 2004 2005 2006Natural Gas ResidentialPrice/MMBTU
$9.63 $10.75 $12.81 $13.75
Natural Gas Electric Utility Prices/ MMBTU
$5.57 $6.11 $8.45 $7.09
Bituminous Coal $/Ton $25.82 $27.30 $30.98 $31.70Uranium Hexafluoride/lb $10.81 $12.61 $10.40 $13.90
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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10Chart compliments of Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission.
Energy Prices are on the rise
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So are residential electricity rates
ComEd’s rates:• December 31, 2006 = 8.3¢/kWh
• December 31, 2007 = 11.4¢/kWh• June 30, 2008 expected to be about 12.0¢/kWh
Residential rates up nationally 14% in last 5 years – Outlook? All rising, and no expectation of dropping in foreseeable future.
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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What’s Driving Energy Prices/Costs?
Supply/Demand
PoliticalFactors
Environmental
War, Terrorism, Sanctions, Price Fixing = most attention
Weather Patterns, “Natural” Disasters, Pollution = some coverage
Population, Economic Growth, Resource Depletion = little to
no attention or coverage
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
http://www.indianarenew.org
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There is a global Paradigm shift underway in energy generation
Mining energy – petroleum, coal, natural gas, uranium
Harvesting energy – solar, wind, water, earth, biomass
Living off capital Living off interest
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The Power of the Sun on Illinois
A quad is big! (= 1,000,000,000,000,000 BTU) About 100 Quad/Yr = total US energy useAbout 4 Quad/Yr = total ILLINOIS energy useAbout 0.000000025 Quad/yr = avg. IL home
use
(= 250,000,000 BTU/yr)Sources: U.S. Energy Information Agency National Renewable Energy Laboratory Oak Ridge National Laboratory
673 quads per year of solar energy per year
2,205 quads of coal in the ground
Almost as much solar energy falls on Illinois in 3-1/2 years as all demonstrated recoverable coal under it!
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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Illinois as a whole buys more energy from out of state than it exports
(this is true of Indiana also)
• Energy (2001)- $29.4 Billion (B)• Petroleum $12.7B• Electricity - $9.1 B
(including coal and nuclear fuel)
• Natural Gas $7.5 B• Non-electric coal, other
fuels $0.1B• $2,354 per capita,
up 23% from 1999 ($1,914)
• <70% leaves communities and state (Rocky Mountain Inst estimate on economic loss of non-renewable energy usage for communities www.rmi.org)
U.S. Energy Information Agency
ftp.eia.doe.gov/pub/state.prices/html/tcil.htm
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Or a Better question: What can harvesting the Sun do for you?
What Can tapping the Sun do for Indiana?
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But first: What does
Photovoltaic Power Look Like?
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Merrillville Town Hall Roof Mounted 5 kW Photovoltaic
Array
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Solar Power in Illinois
• More than 200 PV Installations in Illinois, totaling about 2,000 kW of capacity, about the equivalent of powering 400-500 homes with electricity
• Within 2 years, each of these figures are expected to double.
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PV Works Well in Indiana
87
131
100
139131
159148
163 167
147
161
131
169
143
160
146 147
132
117
138
76
125
64
131
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
175
kilo
wa
tt-h
rs/m
on
th
J F M A M J J A S O N D
NW Indiana Miami, FL
A solar electric system will work about as well in Indiana as one in Miami, Florida, around 88%. A PV system in Indiana can out-produce a Miami system in the summer.
PVWATTS simulation – Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1 kW AC, 30 degrees fixed angle due south
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Building Integrated Photo-Voltaic
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More BIPVThin film on standing seam in the UK
On r
aili
ngs
in D
enm
ark
Skylights in The Netherlands
New housing in Arizona
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Large Utility Scale PV Arrays
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More Large Utility Scale PV
Arrays
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Concentrated Photovoltaics
CPV focuses the sun onto a PV cell to boost electrical output
So far, there is no application of CPV for residential installations
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Economic Values of Solar ElectricityEnergy savings (return on investment and “payback”)
IncentivesIndiana $0 from state for residential systems, some grants for commercial, non profit, K-12. 30% Federal Tax Credit. Property tax exemption. NIPSCO FIT. Typical residential payback now under 10 years! Commercial systems now under 5!! (Illinois 30% State rebate plus Federal Tax Credit)
Capital asset(additional home value at re-sale is often close to initial investment)
Visit http://www.dsireusa.org/ to see incentives from other states then write your member of congress and ask why we don’t have any incentives in Indiana!
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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Other Values of Going Solar
Pride in Ownership(satisfaction in taking part in solutions!)
Greater Self Reliance/Resilience
(Lower energy bills/locked in rates. Less dependence on foreign energy sources increases national security)
Environmental Benefits(reducing carbon & mercury and other toxic emissions,
not generating as much radioactive waste)
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Cost of Solar Electricity (caveat!: all values estimated)
Grid-Tied System
Now most common system in the United States
PV Hybrid
Partial battery backup
Off-GridFull battery bank,
perhaps a generator for backup
For a 2.5 kW(Half a typical home’s energy
use)
2.5 kW(1/2 typical
home)
4 kW to 7 kW(Typ. Home, but assumes making EE improvements)
$14,000 to $20,000(30% rebate excluded)(tax credit excluded)
$25k +(rebate?
batteries not included)
$35k +
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34
Cost of Solar Electricity (caveat!: all values estimated)
Grid-Tied System
PV Hybrid
Fully Off-Grid
2.5 kW 2.5 kW 4 kW to 7 kWSavings in utility cost at CURRENT utility rates:
$350-400/yr $350-400/yr $800-$1,400/yrAnnualized Maintenance
$100/yramortized cost of inverter
replacement
$150 -$300/yr inverter
replacement & battery maintenance
$350 -$450/yr inverter replacement & battery
maintenance & replacement
Inverter warranties increasing/added value with extended warranties
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Carbon Emissions & Pollution Reduction of Solar
Electricity
• 1,000 kWh (1 MWh) from PV avoids 1 ton CO2 (and other pollutants from fossil & mined fuels)
• A plug-in hybrid powered by the sun?
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36
Incentives in Illinois
• State– 30% rebate up to $10,000– PV min 800 watts UL products– Thermal min 50,000 BTU SRCC– Max project size $50,000– Large solar thermal funding up to $400,000 per project– Small wind funding up to $25,000
• Federal– Residential - 30% tax credit– Business – 30% tax credit unlimited, carried forward <15 years,
against taxes owed only• MACRS 5 years against tax bracket (Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System-~15% ?)
– Fed tax credit taken after state incentives– IRS rules not set yet
• Clean Energy Community Foundation– Funding small (1kW)school PV systems– Funding building integrated PV on “green buildings” $5/W <30kW– Community-scale wind systems – Public or not-for-profit sector only
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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37
Incentives in Indiana
• 30% FTC• Some utilities offer incentives (NIPSCO FIT)• $.30/kWh 5-10 kW residential systems• $.26/kWh >10 kW systems• Check http://www.dsireusa.org• Property tax exemption• Depreciation for business• Write your member of congress (PLEASE!)
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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38
Economics of PV
• Payback: Measures years before capital is recovered through savings. (PV has a long payback, but this is better than grid supplied energy, which has No payback at all!)
• Life Cycle: Needs to outlast payback period
• Cash Flow: Examines actual expense and savings or income.
• Asset Value: What is PV worth upon resale? • Net Metering: Quicker payback
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Where might PV fit in as home improvement
value?Investmen
tPV Remodel Equivalent Cost vs. Value
$10,0001
kWMid-range bathroom
remodel90.1%
$20,0002
kWMid-range bathroom
addition86.4%
$30,0003
kWSunroom addition 70.8%
$40,0004
kWMajor kitchen remodel
mid-range79.4%
$50,0005
kWBasement remodel 70.8%
Cost Vs Value 2004 NAHB survey
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Resale Value
Home Improvement
Net Investmen
t
Resale Value
% Return
Deck addition $6,300 $6,700 104%
4.3 kW PV system
$23,000* $22,000 95%
Bathroom remodel
$10,100 $9,100 89%
Window replacement
$9,600 $8,200 85%
Kitchen remodel $44,000 $33,000 75%Source: After California incentives Solar Today Magazine 5-6/2006 – info from Remodeling Online and NREL
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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41
Some Useful Websites
• www.ases.org American Solar Energy Society• www.in.gov/oed/index.htm Indiana Offices of Energy and Defense• www.midwestrenew.org Midwest Renewable Energy Association • www.chicagosolarpartnership.com• www.dsireusa.org Database of State Incentives Renewable Energy• www1.eere.doe.gov/solar US Dept of Energy solar programs• www.illinoiscleanenergy.org IL Clean Energy Foundation• www.commerce.state.il.us/dceo/Bureaus/Energy_Recycling/Energy/
IL Dept of Commerce & Economic Opportunity• www.nrel.gov National Renewable Energy Laboratory• www.nabcep.org/installer-locator Find certified installers locally • www.findsolar.com locating solar contractors• www.builditsolar.com A do-it-yourself resource center
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Support renewable energy in IndianaVisit InREA on the web and
become a member.Individual and Business/Professional
memberships availablehttp://www.indianarenew.org
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Visit us on the web, join ISEA and help us shine in
Illinois Illinois Solar Energy Association
www.illinoissolar.org800 W. EvergreenChicago, IL 6062
312-376-8245 (voice messages)
773-938-1931 (fax)
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• Solar 101 is 9:30am to 12:30pm • Wind 101 is 1:30pm to 4:30pm• Check the website for dates and locations
For more, visit us on the web, and register for Solar 101 and/or Wind
101www.illinoissolar.org
The ISEA is the Best way to connect and plug-in to the renewable energy network of people and companies in Illinois and the Midwest!
04/11/23 Indiana Renewable Energy Association
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First Saturday in October (Oct 1, 2011)
ASES.org
-X
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Questions about PV?
• Tracy Hall: [email protected]• Kevin Moore:
[email protected] • Thanks for your interest in
Renewable Energy!