Improvement in strength properties of packaging paperboard … ACIRD (PPT).pdf · Improvement in...
Transcript of Improvement in strength properties of packaging paperboard … ACIRD (PPT).pdf · Improvement in...
Improvement in strength properties of packaging paperboard using biopolymer
chitosan following a green approach
Shubhang Bhardwaj, Nishi K. Bhardwaj, Yuvraj. S. Negi
March 8, 2019
Outline
• Introduction
• Objective
• Materials and methods
• Results and discussion
• Conclusions
• Acknowledgements
Introduction
• Paperboard and packaging industry: facing thedevastating effects of plastic/synthetic based packaging
• Food wrapping paper – antibacterial
• Carton box or corrugated board (liner or medium) or carrybag – strength (tear, tensile, burst, stiffness, RCT, CMT etc.)
• Paperboard’s strength: different strength additives(synthetic also) used
• Chemicals used in paperboard and packaging papers:affects the health of consumers and others
• Use of green biopolymer: to enhance the strength andother important properties of recycled/ virgin fiber.
Chemical Effects/risks
Polyacrylamides Potent neurotoxin and carcinogen, when
contaminated with its monomer acrylamide
Polyethylenimines Mutagenic
Polyamides severe skin burns, eye damage, allergic skin
reactions and respiratory tract irritation
Polyamines Elevated levels have been associated with
breast, colon, lung, prostate, and skin
cancers.
Urea Formaldehyde Genotoxic and carcinogen
Polyethylene Oxide Toxic at high, parenteral doses
Synthetic Polymers used in Wet-end and the Possible Risks Associated
What is Chitosan
Chitosan: N-deacetylatedderivative of chitin.
N-glucosamine units inβ-(1→4) linkage
N-deacetylation of chitininto chitosan: achievedby treating with 50%NaOH
Chitosan: A Promising Material
Unique characteristics of chitosan:
❖ Biocompatible
❖ Biodegradable
❖ Non-toxic
❖ Remarkable affinity to proteins
❖ Ability to be functionalized
❖ Renewable
❖ Abundant
Objective
•To explore the potential of chitosan on different types of
OCC pulp and softwood pulp in paperboard making in
terms of strength properties like
✓Tensile index✓Burst factor✓Tear factor✓CMT✓TEA index✓RCT✓Stretch
Pulp stockDisintegration
(3 min)CS or
Chitosan
Sheet formation
CFA
Paperboardanalysis
Retention aid
AKD
Volume make-up
Paperboard making with wet-end additives
ChitosanPaperboard making withoutwet-end additives
Materials and methods
Materials
• Old corrugated containers pulps (OCC-1, OCC-2, OCC-3 and softwood).
Wet-end chemicals used were:
• Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD)
• Cationic starch (CS) of 0.020-0.025 degree of substitution
• Low molecular weight cationic polyamine fixing agent (CFA)
• Retention aid, a medium to high molecular weight cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM)
• Chitosan flakes
Analytical techniques
• Charge demand, was measured on Mutek PCD 03 pH Particle
Charge Detector.
• The initial Schopper-Riegler (ºSR) as per TAPPI T 227 om-09.
• Burst index (IS:1060 (Part I))
• Tensile index, stretch and TEA index (IS:1060 (Part I))
• Tear index (IS:1060 (Part I))
• RCT and CMT as per instrumental method (L&W Crush tester)
• Bauer McNett fiber classification: as per TAPPI T 233
Results and discussion
Characterization of Pulp and other Chemicals
Pulp
Properties OCC-1 OCC-2 OCC-3OCC-3
(refined)
SW
(refined)
oSR 22 20 10 30 28
Colloidal charge demand
(μeq/L) 34.8 29.4 20.1 24.4 35.1
Steaming potential, mV -230 -202 -175 -195 -240
pH 7.90 7.85 7.75 7.95 7.80
Evaluation of Wet-end Chemicals
Wet-end chemicals
Colloidal charge
demand, μeq/g
(Nature)
pH
CFA 3050 ( Anionic) 6.2
Retention aid 1490 (Anionic) 4.5
AKD 266 (Anionic) 3.9
Cationic starch 1% in distilled water 60 (Anionic) 6.2
Chitosan 1% solution in 1% acetic acid 6030 (Anionic) 4.2
Classification of Pulp by Bauer McNett Fiber Classifier
Mesh Size OCC-1 OCC-2 OCC-3 OCC-3 (refined) SW (refined)
(Weight %)
+ 28 46.2 52.6 54.4 19.4 77.9
- 28, + 48 19.6 14.6 12.3 12.3 8.5
- 48, + 100 14.5 13.6 7.5 11.4 6.2
-100, + 200 7.9 2.1 4.7 9.7 1.3
-200 11.8 17.1 21.1 47.2 6.1
Pulp
Cationic
starch
(kg/t)
Chitosan
(kg/t)
Wet-end
chemicalsSet
Colloidal charge
demand (μeq/L)
(cationic)
OCC-1
0 0.0 No A* 34.8
30 0.0 Yes B* 8.08
40 0.0 Yes C* 6.06
0 7.5 Yes G 12.6
OCC-20 0.0 No H 29.4
0 1.0 No K 15.4
OCC-3 0 0.0 No L 20.1
0 5.0 No M 7.85
SW (refined)0 0.0 No P 35.1
0 5.0 No Q 18.5
Effect on the Charge Demand of the Paperboard Making System
+26%
+20%
+47%
Effect of Wet-end chemicals, starch or chitosan to OCC-1 pulp ontensile index, burst factor and tear factor of paperboard
Tensile Index, Nm/g Tear Factor Burst Factor
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 30 40 0 0 0 0
Chitosan (kg/t) 0 0 0 1 2.5 5 7.5
Wet-end chemicals No Yes
Effect of addition of wet-end chemicals, starch or chitosanto OCC-1 pulp on CMT and TEA index of paperboard
+85 %
+71 %
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 30 40 0 0 0 0
Chitosan (kg/t) 0 0 0 1 2.5 5 7.5
Wet-end chemicals No Yes
Effect of addition of wet-end chemicals, starch or chitosan to OCC-1pulp on RCT and stretch of paperboard
+43 %
+35 %
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 30 40 0 0 0 0
Chitosan (kg/t) 0 0 0 1 2.5 5 7.5
Wet-end chemicals No Yes
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-2 pulp on tensile index,burst factor and tear factor of paperboard
+27%
+12%+13%
Tensile Index, Nm/g Tear Factor Burst Factor
Cationic starch (kg/t)
0 0 0 0
Chitosan (kg/t)
0 0.3 0.5 1
Wet-end chemicals
No
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-2 pulp on CMTand TEA index of paperboard
+37%
+30%
Cationic starch (kg/t)
0 0 0 0
Chitosan (kg/t)
0 0.3 0.5 1
Wet-end chemicals
No
+15%
+40%
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-2 pulp on RCT and stretch of paperboard
Cationic starch (kg/t)
0 0 0 0
Chitosan (kg/t) 0 0.3 0.5 1
Wet-end chemicals
No
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-3 pulp on tensile index, tear factor, burst factor and CMT of paperboard
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 0.0
Chitosan (kg/t) 0 5.0
Wet-end chemicals No
13.722.0
76.6
105.1
12.3 16.1
54.0
95.0
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0
100.0110.0
L M
Ten
sile
Ind
ex, T
ear
Fac
tor,
Bu
rst
Fact
or,
CM
TTensile Index, Nm/g Tear Factor Burst Factor CMT, N
+61%
+31%
+76%
+37%
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-3 pulp on RCT and stretch of paperboard
0.50.7
1.4
1.8
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
L M
RC
T an
d s
tret
ch
RCT, kN/m Stretch, %
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 0.0
Chitosan (kg/t) 0 5.0
Wet-end chemicals No
+40%
+29%
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-3 (refined) pulp on tensileindex, tear factor, burst factor and CMT of paperboard
38.142.0
92.696.6
30.435.4
80.0
96.0
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
80.0
90.0
100.0
N O
Ten
sile
Ind
ex, T
ear
fac
tor,
Bu
rst
fact
or,
CM
TTensile Index, Nm/g Tear Factor Burst Factor CMT, N
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 0.0Chitosan (kg/t) 0 5.0
Wet-end chemicals No
+10%
+4%
+16%
+20%
Effect of addition of chitosan to OCC-3 (refined)pulp on RCT and stretch of paperboard
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 0.0Chitosan (kg/t) 0 5.0
Wet-end chemicals No
0.81.1
2.6 2.7
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
N O
RC
T an
d S
tret
ch
RCT, kN/m Stretch, %
+38%
+4%
Effect of addition of chitosan to SW pulp on tensileindex, burst factor and CMT of paperboard
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 0.0Chitosan (kg/t) 0 5.0
Wet-end chemicals No
65.771.5
52.262.4
103
121
0.010.020.030.040.050.060.070.080.090.0
100.0110.0120.0130.0
P Q
Ten
sile
Ind
ex, B
urs
t In
dex
an
d C
MT
Tensile Index, Nm/g Burst Factor CMT, N
+9%+20%
+18%
Effect of addition of chitosan to SW pulp on RCT andstretch of paperboard
Cationic starch (kg/t) 0 0.0Chitosan (kg/t) 0 5.0
Wet-end chemicals No
1.1 1.2
3.53.9
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
P Q
RC
T an
d S
tret
chRCT, kN/m Stretch, %
+9%
+11%
Conclusions• Addition of chitosan to pulp reduced the charge demand of the
paperboard making system
• The °SR of the paperboard making system is not much affected
by the addition of chitosan to the pulp
• Addition of chitosan increased the strength properties like the
tensile index, burst factor, tear factor, CMT, TEA index, RCT and
stretch of the paperboard.
• The short fiber and the long fiber fraction also contribute in the
strength properties of the paperboard
• The chitosan retention which ultimately affects the hydrogen
bonding, the welding and the film forming on the fibers
provides positive impact on the strength properties.
Acknowledgements
✓Suppliers for providing different chemicals
✓Director for providing the opportunity to carry out study at
ACIRD, Yamuna Nagar.
✓Dr. B. Thapliyal, Director, Dr. R. D. Godiyal, Scientist E2 and Dr.
S. Tyagi, Scientist E1 of Central Pulp & Paper Research Institute
(CPPRI), Saharanpur for allowing RCT and CMT analysis at CPPRI
AVANTHA CENTRE FOR INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT (Partners in Industrial Progress for Pulp & Paper and Allied Industries since 1983)
• A leading research institution having state–of–the–art infrastructure
• Centre recognized by Department of Scientific & Industrial Research, Govt. of
India
• Recognized by Punjab Pollution Control Board
• A NABL accredited (ISO 17025: 2005) laboratory for wastewater, coal, air and
paper in chemical and mechanical disciplines
• OHSAS 18001: 2007 certified
• Advanced Centre for Training & Research (recognized by neighbouring
Universities)
• Serving Indian Paper Mills, Chemical/ Enzyme Manufacturers and renowned
National & Multi-national companies
• Research programmes sponsored by Private Companies & Govt. Agencies (DST/
DBT)
• MAJOR ACTIVITES: Contractual Research; Knowledge Process Outsourcing
(KPO); Process Audit & Consultancy; Analytical & Testing Services
Reference
• http://www.inchem.org/documents/pims/chemical/pim652.htm
• http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v20je08.htm
• https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/71311215#section=Re
lated-Records"
• Nowotarski et al., 2013
• http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc89.htm
• Webster et al., 2009
Thank You