Implications of Millimeter Wave for 5G System...

Sildes are © Robert W. Heath Jr. 2016

Implications of Millimeter Wave for 5G System DesignProfessor Robert W. Heath Jr.

Wireless Networking and Communications GroupDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at Austin

Also with PHAZR (see http://phazr.net for more information)

www.profheath.org

Thanks to the National Science Foundation Grant No. NSF-CCF-1319556, NSF-CCF-1527079, NSF-CCF-1514275, the Intel / Verizon 5G program, the U.S. Department of Transportation through the Data-Supported Transportation Operations and Planning (D-STOP) Tier 1 University Transportation Center, the the Texas Department of Transportation under Project 0-6877, and gifts from Nokia, MERL, Huawei, and Toyota.


Current cellular spectrum in US

300MHz 3GHz

700-800MHz

: CLR: AWS-1

1.7GHz 2.1GHz

: PCS

: BRS/EBS

2.5-2.7GHz1.8-2GHz900MHz

: 700 MHz : 800 MHz: Unlicensed

2.4GHz

Total available bandwidth = ~600MHz700MHz auctioned in 2008- $18,957,582,150- 1090 licenses

AWS-3 auctioned in 2015- $41,329,673,325- 1611 licenses

To get more bandwidth, need to go to higher carrier frequencies

u Spectra below 3 GHz is packed and $$/Hz of bandwidth is huge

: AWS-3

See e.g. http://wireless.fcc.gov/auctions/default.htm?job=auction_summary&id=73

2


The future is in the mmWave bands (30GHz to 300GHz)

27 GHz 71 GHz40 GHz

0.85 GHz 1.4 GHz1.6 GHz

37 GHz 64 GHz57 GHz

7 GHz 7 GHz

UnlicensedLMDS

: Proposed by FCC in 2015~4 GHz

7 GHz

u Lots of potential spectrum currently used for backhaul or legacy systemsu Different licensing options available for many bands

Spectrum for 5G is (almost) ready!!!

86 GHz

10 GHz E-band

Auctioned in 2000- $410,649,085 / 2,173 licenses

Expected to be unlicensedEven more is available above 90GHz

© Robert W. Heath Jr. 3* S. Rangan, T.S. Rappaport, E. Erkip, "Millimeter-Wave Cellular Wireless Networks: Potentials and Challenges,“, Proc. IEEE, 2014

Implications on 5G systems

mmWave spectrum and higher data rates

4


Implications of using millimeter wave spectrum

Shared licensed access possible to reduce cost, give carriers access to

more spectrum*

Cognitive radio for shared spectrum with

satellite or radar

New applications possible**Higher data rates

carrier A

carrier B

satellitecommunications

cellular communications

surface movementradar (K, Ka bands)

© Robert W. Heath Jr. 5* A. Gupta, J. Andrews, R.W. Heath Jr., “On the Feasibility of Sharing Spectrum Licenses in mmWave Cellular Systems, “, arxiv 1512.01201290v1, Dec. 2015** Osseiran et al.,"Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project," IEEE Commun. Mag., May 2014


What are the potential rate gains with mmWave?

MmWave gains are more than a spectrum multiplier

Upper cmWave 28 GHz:500 MHz (expect 10x)

mmWave 72 GHz:2 GHz (expect 40x)

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

28 sparse 28 dense 72 sparse 72 dense0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

28 sparse 28 dense 72 sparse 72 dense

5%

X c

apac

ity im

prov

emen

t

Average

Baseline 2 GHz w/50 MHz BW

* Note the fine print about dense networks, more to come

38x

62x

58x

95x

6* T. Bai and R. W. Heath Jr., “Coverage and rate analysis for millimeter wave cellular networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Feb. 2015. ** T. Bai, A. Alkhateeb, and R. W. Heath, Jr., `Coverage and Capacity of Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks," IEEE Communications Magazine, Sept. 2014.

New 5G killer apps enabled by mmWave

VIRTUAL REALITY high data rateAUTONOMOUS ROBOTS

small sizeequipment

V2X COMMUNICATIONSlow latency

mmWavebase station

AUTOMATED DRIVING high data rates

Vehicle driving cloud

MmWave high data rates are required in different 5G scenarios© Robert W. Heath Jr. 7* Osseiran et al.,"Scenarios for 5G mobile and wireless communications: the vision of the METIS project," IEEE Commun. Mag., May 2014


mmWave differentiating features

© Robert W. Heath Jr.

8


© Robert W. Heath Jr. 9

Differentiating features of mmWave

Directional and adaptiveantenna arrays

Advanced MIMOarchitecturesBlockage

IEEE Communications Magazine • February 2014 109

presented in [5], where link- and system-levelsimulation results are provided with variousnumbers of transmit/receive antennas and RFchains. Using a 500 MHz bandwidth at 28 GHz,[5] presents some notable results for the hybridbeamforming system including an 8 dB gain overthe conventional spatial multiplexing schemeand 8 Gb/s average sector throughput with 16antennas with 4 RF chains at the base stationand 8 antennas with a single RF chain at themobile station.

MMWAVE BEAMFORMINGPROTOTYPE

In this section, we present a detailed descriptionof the mmWave beamforming prototype devel-oped and tested at the DMC R&D Center, Sam-sung Electronics, Korea, including systemconfiguration, key parameters, and capabilities.The main purposes of the mmWave prototypeare to check the feasibility of mmWave bandsfor sufficiently large geographical coverage forcellular services and support for mobility even inNLoS environments. As a result, an mmWaveadaptive beamforming prototype was developedincluding RF units, array antennas, basebandmodems, and a diagnostic monitor (DM), asshown in Fig. 3.

Both transmit and receive array antennashave two channels and each comprises 32 anten-na elements arranged in the form of a uniformplanar array (UPA) with 8 horizontal and 4 ver-tical elements, confined within an area of 60 mm× 30 mm. This small footprint was made possi-ble by the short wavelength of the carrier fre-quency at 27.925 GHz. Two channels at thetransmit and receive array antennas are designedto support various multi-antenna schemes suchas MIMO and diversity. The array antenna isconnected to the RF unit, which contains a setof phase shifters, mixers, and related RF circuit-ry. The set of phase shifters control the phasesof the signals sent to the antennas to form adesired beam pattern. Therefore, by setting thephase shifter values to a particular set, transmitand receive array antennas are capable of form-ing a sharp beam pattern in the intended hori-zontal (azimuth) and vertical (elevation) angles.

In order to reduce the hardware complexity,a sub-array architecture was employed to group

8 antennas into a sub-array, thus requiring only4 RF units per channel instead of 32. The reduc-tion in the number of RF paths results in areduction of antenna gain at the desired angle(except antenna boresight), a reduction of beamscanning ranges, and an increase in side lobelevels, but still meets the overall beamformingrequirements. The resulting full width at halfmaximum (FWHM) of the beam at the antennaboresight is approximately 10° horizontally and20° vertically with an overall beamforming gainof 18 dBi. In addition, a set of beam patterns ispredefined to reduce the feedback overheadrequired for the adaptive beamforming opera-tion between the transmitter and the receiver,where the overlapped beam patterns cover theintended service area with a unique beam identi-fier (ID) for each beam. These beam IDs areused by the baseband modem to control thephase shifter weights and to feed back the pre-ferred transmission beam information to thetransmitter. Table 1 lists key system parametersof the implemented prototype.

The baseband modem shown in Fig. 3 wasdesigned and implemented for real-time opera-tion with commercial off-the-shelf signal pro-cessing units including Xilinx Virtex-6 fieldprogrammable gate arrays (FPGAs), and anADC and a DAC each with up to 1 Gs/s conver-

Figure 2. Block diagram of a hybrid beamforming architecture.

IFFT DACMixer

RF beamformer RF beamformer

MIMOchannel

H

...

P/S

MIM

O encoder

Baseband precoder

Transmitter ReceiverBaseband channel

IFFT FFT

RF chains

DACPA

LNA

ADC

Array ant.

Phase shiftersRF chains

... ...

......

......

P/S

S/P Baseband combiner

MIM

O decoder

Ntc

Nta Nr

aNr

c

FFTADC...

S/P

Figure 3. Configuration of the mmWave beamforming prototype.

RF/antenna

Modem

Array antenna Diagnostic monitor

ROH_LAYOUT.qxp_Layout 1/30/14 1:20 PM Page 109

upper array blocked with fingers

lower array blocked by person

ADC

Nr Lr NsRF

combining

WRF

RFChain

RFChain

BasebandCombining

ADC WBB

Which are the impacts on a 5G system?R. Heath, N. González-Prelcic, S. Rangan, W. Roh and A. Sayeed, “An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems”, IEEE JSTSP, 2016



Implications of adaptive arrays

stronger interference

weaker interference

New antennas, cables, infrastructure, baseband

Interference is bursty,less severe, SINR higher

Cell boundaries blur

Large arrays at BS and UE

Initial access and handoff become more difficult

* A. Thornburg, T. Bai, and R. W. Heath, Jr., "Interference Statistics in a Random mmWave Ad Hoc Network,” ICASSP 2015


Implications of more advanced MIMO solutionsHardware powerconsumption plays

a bigger role in PHY design 1-bit

ADCADC

1-bitADCADC

BasebandCombining

Nr LrNs

RF combining

RFChain

RFChain

Process more signals with few-

bit ADCs

Hybrid architecture at the BS and the UE with many fewer

RF chains than antennas

Compressive channel estimation, new pilot

designs


*A. Alkhateeb, J. Mo, N. González Prelcic and R. W. Heath, Jr., ``MIMO Precoding and Combining Solutions for Millimeter Wave Systems,'' IEEE Commun. Mag., 2014.** R. Méndez-Rial, C. Rusu, N. González-Prelcic, A. Alkhateeb and R. Heath “Hybrid MIMO Architectures for MmWave Communications: Phase shifters or switches? , IEEE Access 2016.


Blockage


12


Blockage is a major channel impairment

User

hand blocking

blockage due to buildings

line-of-sight non-line-of-sight

Need models for blockage & system analysis including blockage

13

X

blockage due to people

* W. Roh et al. "Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: theoretical feasibility and prototype results," in IEEE Commun. Mag., 2014.** M. Akdeniz, Y. Liu, S. Sun, S. Rangan, T. Rappaport, E. Erkip, “Millimeter Wave Channel Modeling and Cellular Capacity Evaluation, IEEE JSAC June 2014

BS

Handset Blocked by users’ body

self-body blocking

X


Implications of blockage

blockedinterferer

unblocked interferer used for macro diversity

upper array blocked with fingers

user with no coverage

lower array blocked by person

Multiple arrays on handset

More BS/km2 and multibaseconnectivity provide diversity

Indoor users not covered by outdoor infrastructure

Blockages reduce the impact of interference

© Robert W. Heath Jr. 14* T. Bai and R. W. Heath Jr., “Coverage and rate analysis for millimeter wave cellular networks”, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Feb. 2015.* *T. Bai and R. W. Heath Jr., “Analysis of self-body blocking effects in millimeter wave cellular systems“, in Proc. of Asilomar Conf., Nov. 2014.


Solutions to building blockage

Non-line-of-sight link (blocked by building)

Line-of-sight link

Need to cover the non-line-of-sight user15

User…go around the building if you want coverage

Fallback to lower frequency and lower rate

Add enough antenna gain to work effectively when blocked

Add more infrastructure


v

Solution to body and self-body blocking for 5G

Unblocked BS

Similar solutions as building blockage, but different timescale

Body blocked BS

X

Network supports fast switching

System detects blockage and

reroutes signals

16Tianyang Bai and R. W. Heath, Jr., ``Analysis of Self-body Blocking Effects in Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks,'’ Asilomar Conf. Nov. 2-5, 2014.


u Multiple arrays on handset if space is available (hard with multi-band)u Train users not to block the arrays with their fingers (warning labels or shock)

Solution to hand blockage for 5G

Hand blockages and variable orientation require careful device engineeringDevice picture from W. Roh et al. "Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular communications: theoretical feasibility and prototype results," in Communications Magazine, IEEE , vol.52, no.2, pp.106-113, February 2014

no handset diversity handset diversity

IEEE Communications Magazine • September 2014 67

The conformal topology further maximizes therange of the beamsteering scanning angles in theazimuth plane. Moreover, the slanted topologyconforms to the cellular device and enables thedesigned mmWave antenna array to appear asan extremely low profile metallic trace line thatencompasses the edges of the PCB. The width ofthe trace lines is less than 0.2 mm, which is evenless than the 1 mm spacing required from thePCB edges for conventional surface mount tech-nologies (SMTs). From the vantage point of thehardware layout, the inclusion of a total of 32mmWave antenna elements requires a negligibleantenna footprint. Based on this antenna solu-tion, a truly massive MIMO antenna system mayactually be realizable for mmWave 5G in thelong term.

The beam patterns of each set of phasedarray antennas are synthesized by the 28 GHzRF unit, composed of 32 6-bit phase shifters,power amplifiers, and low noise amplifiers forthe transmit and receive paths, respectfully.The phases of the 28 GHz RF signal are indi-vidually controlled to form a beam in theintended direction along the azimuth plane.Each mesh grid antenna element within the twosets of antenna arrays is connected with the 28GHz RF unit through K type coaxial connec-tors. The required RF signal phase informationrequired to steer the main lobe beam are storedand retrieved from the in-house designed base-band modem.

The modem analog front-end (AFE) is con-nected to the RF port of the RF unit to trans-mit and receive the complex analog basebandsignal. The analog beamforming algorithm usedin this work is designed to search for and identi-fy the strongest transmit and receive beamdirection within 45 ms. The current size of theRF unit and baseband modem prohibits fullimplementation inside the cellular phone proto-type in this research. We are exploring a num-ber of different approaches to completelyintegrate the mmWave antenna array, RF unit,and baseband modem in the foreseeable future.In the meantime, the mmWave cellular phoneprototype containing two sets of 16-elementmesh grid antenna arrays is tested and mea-sured in conjunction with a reference mmWavebase station prototype as illustrated in Fig. 4.The measurement scenario is confined to anLOS environment inside a laboratory located inthe headquarters of Samsung Electronics,Suwon, South Korea. The cellular phone proto-type is fixed at a distance of 6 m away from thebase station prototype. Afterward, both meshgrid antenna arrays are connected to the twoavailable downlink channels of the RF unit anddesignated as the device under test (DUT). A16-QAM signal with 528 Mb/s data rate is trans-mitted from the mmWave base station proto-type. Each of the antenna arrays are activatedalternately to separately measure the error vec-tor magnitude (EVM) for each discrete beamsteering angles and confirm 10–6 block errorrate (BLER). Based on this measurement, thenormalized radiation patterns of all the antennaarrays are retrieved. The identical procedure isrepeated for scenarios when the mesh gridantenna array is exposed to free space condi-

Figure 3. Photographs of the mmWave 5G antenna system prototype: a)standalone view of the antenna array with K type coaxial connectors; b)integrated inside a Samsung cellular phone and zoomed in views of themmWave antenna region.

<0.2 mm

16-element array 1

16-element array 2

(a)

(b)

Figure 4. Measurement configuration of the mmWave 5G cellular deviceprototype.

Carrier frequency

Bandwidth/duplexing

TX/RX configuration

Channel coding

Modulation

27.925 GHz

520 MHz / TDD

TX: base station (BS) ant.RX: mesh-grid array (MS)

LDPC

QPSK/16-QAM

256 elements (16 ×16) array(~24 dBi antenna gain)

MSBS

8 cm

8 cm

HONG_LAYOUT_Layout 8/28/14 4:45 PM Page 67

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A vision for 5G mmWave infrastructure

New concepts for the infrastructure

© Robert W. Heath Jr.18

A vision of future 5G mmWave infrastructure


19

BS supportingV2X

antennas

Radar operating in another band

Sensing at the infrastructureRadar at the

infrastructure can help predict

blockages

Improves communication link efficiency and reduces overheads

* J. Choi, N. González Prelcic, R. Daniels, C. R. Bhat, and R. W. Heath, Jr., ` Millimeter Wave Vehicular Communication to Support Massive Automotive Sensing,'' submitted to IEEE Communications Magazine, February 2016. Also available on ArXiv.** N. Gonzalez-Prelcic, Roi Mendez-Rial, and R. W. Heath Jr., ”Radar aided beamforming in mmWave V2I communications support antenna diversity," ITA 2016

Could leveragecommunication at

other bands



Backhaul at mmWave

mmWave backhaul links

macrocell BS

Backhaul is a 5G killer

Wired backhaul will require very

high capacityTens of Gbps

Out-of-band wireless backhaul possible in other mmWave spectra

Inband wireless backhaul will work

due to pointy beams with low overlap

Zhouyue Pi, Junil Choi, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Millimeter-wave Gbps Broadband Evolution towards 5G: Fixed Access and Backhaul,” to appear in IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2015. Available at ArXiv.



Many new components of 5G infrastructureCombination of

sensing, learning and communication

Self-backhaulednetwork

Relays

mmWaverelay

mmWavesensing-BS

mutiband BS

Multiband-connectivity

mmWavebackhaul

Millimeter wave is coming to 5G


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Check out research videos at goo.gl/yYx250

References from Heath research groupu MmWave book

ª T. Rappapport, R. W. Heath, Jr., R. Daniels, J. N. Murdock, Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications, Pearson Education, Inc. 2014.

u Overview papersª R. W. Heath, Jr., N. Gonzalez Prelcic, S. Rangan, Wonil Roh, and A. Sayeed, “ An Overview of Signal

Processing Techniques for Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems ,” to appear in IEEE Journal on Sel. Topics in Sig. Proc., special issue on Massive MIMO. Available on ArXiv.

ª Zhouyue Pi, Junil Choi, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Millimeter-wave Gbps Broadband Evolution towards 5G: Fixed Access and Backhaul,” submitted to the IEEE Communications Magazine, June 2015. Available at ArXiv.

ª Shu Sun, T. Rappapport, R. W. Heath, Jr., A. Nix, and S. Rangan, “ MIMO for Mil- limeter Wave Wireless Communications: Beamforming, Spatial Multiplexing, or Both?,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 110-121, Dec. 2014.

ª Ahmed Alkhateeb, Jianhua Mo, N. Gonz alez Prelcic and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ MIMO Pre- coding and Combining Solutions for Millimeter Wave Systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 122-131, Dec. 2014.

ª Tianyang Bai, Ahmed Alkhateeb, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Coverage and Capacity of Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 9, pp. 70-77, 2014.

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References from Heath research groupu 5G cellular performance analysis with millimeter wave

ª Abhishek Gupta, J. G. Andrews, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ On the Feasibility of Sharing Spectrum Licenses in mmWave Cellular Systems ,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Communications, December 2015. Available at ArXiv.

ª Tianyang Bai and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Coverage and Rate Analysis for Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks,” IEEE Trans. on Wireless, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 1100-1114, Feb. 2015. Previous version available at ArXiv.

ª Tianyang Baiand R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Uplink Massive MIMO SIR Analysis: How do An-tennas Scale with Users? ,” to appear in Proc. of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., San Diego, CA, USA December 6-10, 2015.

ª Tianyang Bai and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Asymptotic SINR for millimeter wave massive MIMO cellular networks,” Proc. of IEEE Int. Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communication, Stockholm, Sweden, June 28 - July 1, 2015.

ª Tianyang Bai and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Asymptotic Coverage and Rate in Massive MIMO Networks,” Proc. of the IEEE Global Signal and Information Processing Conference, Atlanta, GA, Dec. 3-5, 2014. Video of presentation.

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References from Heath research groupu Millimeter wave ad hoc networks

ª A. Thornburg, Tianyang Bai, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Performance Analysis of mmWave Ad Hoc Networks ,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, July 2015. Avail- able at ArXiv.

ª A. Thornburg and R. W. Heath, Jr.“Ergodic Capacity in mmWave Ad Hoc Network with Imperfect Beam Alignment,” Proc. of the Military Communications Conference, Tampa, FL, October 26-28, 2015.

ª A. Thornburg, Tianyang Bai and R. W. Heath, Jr., “MmWave Ad Hoc Network Cov- erage and Capacity,” Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Communications, London, UK, June 8-12, 2015. Video of presentation.

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References from Heath research groupu Millimeter wave wearables

ª K. Venugopal, M. Valenti, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Device-to-Device Millimeter Wave Communications: Interference, Coverage, Rate, and Finite Topologies ,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Wireless, June 2015. Available at ArXiv.

ª K. Venugopaland R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Millimeter Wave Networked Wearablesin Dense Indoor Environments ,” to appear in IEEE Access.

ª K. Venugopal, M. Valenti, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Analysis of Millimeter-Wave Net- worked Wearables in Crowded Environment,” (invited) to appear in Proc. of the Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems, and Computers, November 8-11, 2015.

ª K. Venugopal, M. Valenti, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Interference in finite-sized highly dense millimeter wave networks,” (invited) Proc. of the Information Theory and Applications, San Diego, California, February 1-6, 2015.

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References from Heath research groupu Single user narrowband hybrid precoding (part 1/2)

ª Duy H. N. Nguyen, Long B. Le, Tho Le-Ngoc, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Hybrid MMSE Precoding and Combining Designs for mmWave Multiuser MIMO Systems,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Wireless, March 2016.

ª R. Mendez-Rial, C. Rusu, N. Gonzalez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Low Complexity Hybrid Precoding Strategies for Millimeter Wave Communication Systems,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Wireless, February 2016.

ª Pengfei Xia, R. W. Heath, Jr., N. Gonzalez Prelcic, Jun Wu, “Robust Analog Precoding Designs for Millimeter Wave MIMO Transceivers in Frequency Selective Fading Channels,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Communications, December 2015.

ª R. Mendez-Rial, C. Rusu, N. Gonzalez Prelcic, Ahmed Alkhateeb and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Hybrid MIMO Architectures for Millimeter Wave Communications: Phase Shifters or Switches?,” to appear in IEEE Access, November 2015. Available on ArXiv.

ª Ahmed Alkhateeb, Jianhua Mo, N. Gonzalez Prelcic and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ MIMO Pre-coding and Combining Solutions for Millimeter Wave Systems,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 52, no. 12, pp. 122-131, Dec. 2014.

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References from Heath research group

u Single user narrowband hybrid precoding (part 2/2)ª O. El Ayach, S. Abu-Surra, S. Rajagopal, Z. Pi, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “

Spatially Sparse Precoding in Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems,” IEEE Trans. on Wireless, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 1499-1513, March 2014. Previous version available at ArXiv.

ª Roi Mendez-Rial, Cristian Rusu, N. Gonzalez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr.,“ Dictionary-free hybrid precoders and combiners for mmWaveMIMO systems,” Proc. of IEEE Int. Workshop on Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communication, Stockholm, Sweden, June 28 -July 1, 2015.

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References from Heath research groupu Single user frequency selective hybrid precoding

ª Ahmed Alkhateeb and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Frequency Selective Hybrid Precoding for Limited Feedback Millimeter Wave Systems, ” to appear in the IEEE Trans. on Communications, October 2015. Available at ArXiv.

ª Ahmed Alkhateeband R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Gram Schmidt Based Greedy Hybrid Precod- ing for Frequency Selective Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems,” to appear in the Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Proc., Shanghai, China, March, 2016.

ª Sungwoo Parkand R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Frequency Selective Hybrid Precoding in Millimeter Wave OFDMA Systems,” to appear in Proc. of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., San Diego, CA, USA December 6-10, 2015.

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References from Heath research groupu Multiple user hybrid precoding

ª Ahmed Alkhateeb, G. Leus and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Limited Feedback Hybrid Precoding for Multi-User Millimeter Wave Systems, ” to appear in IEEE Trans. on Wireless. Available at ArXiv.

ª R. Mendez-Rial, N. Gonzalez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Adaptive Hybrid Pre- coding and Combining in MmWave Multiuser MIMO Systems based on Compressed Covariance Estimation,” to appear in Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), Cancun, Mexico, December 13-16, 2015.

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References from Heath research groupu Channel estimation for mmWave systems

ª Ahmed Alkhateeb, O. El Ayach, G. Leus and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Channel Estimation and Hybrid Precoding for Millimeter Wave Cellular Systems,” IEEE Journal on Sel. Topics in Sig. Proc., special issue on Massive MIMO Communication, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 831-846, October 2014. Previous version available at ArXiv.

ª Dalin Zhu, J. Choi, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Auxiliary beam pair design in mmWave cellular systems with hybrid precoding and limited feedback,” to appear in the Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Proc., Shanghai, China, March, 2016.

ª Mohammed E. Eltayeb, Ahmed Alkhateeb, R. W. Heath, Jr., and Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri, “ Opportunistic Beam Training with Hybrid Analog/Digital Codebooks for mmWave Systems,” to appear in the Proc. of the IEEE Global Conference on Signal and Information Processing (GlobalSIP), Orlando, FL, December, 2015.

ª R. Mendez-Rial, N. Gonzalez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Adaptive Hybrid Pre- coding and Combining in MmWave Multiuser MIMO Systems based on Compressed Co- variance Estimation,” to appear in Proc. of the IEEE International Workshop on Computational Advances in Multi-Sensor Adaptive Processing (CAMSAP), Cancun, Mexico, December 13-16, 2015.

ª R. Mendez-Rial, C. Rusu, Ahmed Alkhateeb, N. Gonza lez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Channel Estimation and Hybrid Combining for mmWave: Phase Shifters or Switches?,” (invited) Proc. of the Information Theory and Applications, San Diego, California, February 2-6, 2015.

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References from Heath research groupu Low resolution ADCs including one-bit ADCS 1 / 2

ª C. Mollen, J. Choi, “Performance of the Wideband Massive Uplink MIMO with One-Bit ADCs,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Wireless, February 2016.

ª Junil Choi, Jianhua Mo and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Near Maximum-Likelihood Detector and Channel Estimator for Uplink Multiuser Massive MIMO Systems with One-Bit ADCs, ” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, September 2014. Available at ArXiv.

ª Jianhua Mo and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Capacity Analysis of MIMO Systems with One-Bit Quantization, ” IEEE Trans. on Signal Processing, vol. 63, no. 20, pp. 5498-5512, July 2015. Previous version available at ArXiv.

ª C. Rusu, N. Gonzalez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr. “ The use of unit norm tight measurement matrices for one-bit compressed sensing,” to appear in the Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Proc., Shanghai, China, March, 2016.

ª C. Mollen, J. Choi, E. G. Larsson, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ One-bit ADCs in Wideband Massive MIMO systems with OFDM transmission,” to appear in the Proc. of the IEEE Int. Conf. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Proc., Shanghai, China, March, 2016.

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References from Heath research groupu Low resolution ADCs including one-bit ADCS 2 / 2

ª C. Mollen, J. Choi, E. G. Larsson, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Performance of Linear Receivers for Wideband Massive MIMO with One-Bit ADCs,” to appear in the Proc. of the 20th International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA), Munich, Germany, March 9-11, 2016.

ª Jianhua Mo, Ahmed Alkhateeb, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Achievable Rates of Hybrid Architectures with Few-Bit ADC Receivers,” to appear in the Proc. of the 20th International ITG Workshop on Smart Antennas (WSA), Munich, Germany, March 9-11, 2016.

ª C. Rusu, R. M endez-Rial, N. Gonz alez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Adaptive One- bit Compressive Sensing with Application to Low-Precision Receivers at mmWave,” to appear in Proc. of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf., San Diego, CA, USA December 6-10, 2015.

ª Jianhua Mo and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Limited Feedback in Multiple-Antenna Systems with One-Bit Quantization,” (invited) to appear in Proc. of the Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems, and Computers, November 8-11, 2015. Video of presentation.

ª Jianhua Mo, P. Schniter, N. Gonza lez Prelcic and R. W. Heath, Jr., “Channel Estimation in Millimeter Wave MIMO Systems with One-Bit Quantization,” Proc. of the Asilomar Conf. on Signals, Systems, and Computers, November 2-5, 2014.

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References from Heath research groupu Applications in V2X systems

ª Vutha Va, J. Choiand R. W. Heath, Jr., “ The Impact of Beamwidth on Temporal Channel Variation in Vehicular Channels and its Implications ,” submitted to IEEE Trans. on Veh. Tech., November 2015. Available at ArXiv.

ª Vutha Va,Takayuki Shimizu, Gaurav Bansal, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Beam Design for Beam Switching Based Millimeter Wave Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Communications,” to appear in the Proc. of the IEEE International Conference on Communications, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, May 23-27, 2016.

ª Vutha Vaand R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Basic Relationship between Channel Coherence Time and Beamwidth in Vehicular Channels ,” to appear in Proc. of the Vehicular Technology Conference, Boston, USA, September 6-9, 2015. Video of presentation.

ª Vutha Vaand R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Beam Switching for Millimeter Wave Communication to Support High Speed Trains ,” to appear in Proc. of the Vehicular Technology Conference, Boston, USA, September 6-9, 2015. Video of presentation.

ª P. Kumari, N. Gonza lez Prelcic, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Investigating the IEEE 802.11ad Standard for Millimeter Wave Automotive Radar ,” to appear in Proc. of the Vehicular Technology Conference, Boston, USA, September 6-9, 2015. Video of presentation.

ª N. Gonza lez Prelcic, R. M endez-Rial, and R. W. Heath, Jr., “ Radar Aided Beam Alignment in MmWave V2I Communications Supporting Antenna Diversity, ” (invited) to appear in Proc. of the Information Theory and Applications, San Diego, California, January 31 - February 5, 2016.

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Other referencesu W. Roh et al. "Millimeter-wave beamforming as an enabling technology for 5G cellular

communications: theoretical feasibility and prototype results," in IEEE Commun. Mag., 2014.u M. Akdeniz, Y. Liu, S. Sun, S. Rangan, T. Rappaport, E. Erkip, “Millimeter Wave Channel Modeling and

Cellular Capacity Evaluation, IEEE JSAC June 2014u F. Aryanfar et al., * Millimeter-Wave Base Station for Mobile Broadband Communication”, IEEE

International Microwave Symposium (IMS), 2015. u X. Lin and J. G. Andrews,“Connectivity of millimeter wave networks with multi-hop relaying”, IEEE

Wireless Letter 2015u S. Singh, M. N. Kulkarni, A. Ghosh, and J. G. Andrews,“ Tractable model for rate in self-backhauled

millimeter wave cellular networks”, JSAC 2015u T. Marzetta, “Noncooperative cellular wireless with unlimited numbers of base station antennas,”

IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., Nov. 2011u F Boccardi, RW Heath Jr, A Lozano, TL Marzetta, P Popovski , “Five Disruptive Technology Directions

for 5G”, IEEE Communications Magazine, 2014u T. Bai, R. Vaze, and R. W Heath, Jr., “ Analysis of Blockage Effects on Urban Cellular Networks”, IEEE

Trans. Wireless, 2014.u ETSI White paper no. 9, “E-Band and V-Band - Survey on status of worldwide regulation”, June 2015.

35© Robert W. Heath Jr.

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