Implication Maternal Csw
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Transcript of Implication Maternal Csw
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Implications of the Nutrition Transition in theNutritional Status on Pregnant Women
Catur Saptaning Wilujeng
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Nutrition Transition
Increase in the consumption of fats
and simple sugars and decrease in
fruit and vegetable intake. Also,
decrease of physical activity.
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Characteristic
Change in dietary patterns favoring foods richerin fat
An increased consumption of simplecarbohydrates
A reduction in the consumption of fruits and
vegetables
A decrease in physical activity
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Changes in Food Consumption
Increase consumption of processed foodsparticulary fast foods.
Fast food is cheaper than fruits and vegetables.
Improvement in socioeconomic level.
Increase in the purchasing power of the average
family.
Low prices of calorie dense food, eg, Fast foodsand processed snack foods.
Rise in consumptionof low-cost, hight-fat foods,and refined sugar.
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Physical Activity
Car availabilty andaffordbil l i ty was
fairly low. TV ownership was
limited.
S t i l l l i m i t e d o fcomputer.
Exercise usually canbe done on the streetand park.
Fiftyyears
ago
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Effect of The Nutrition Transition on
Pregnancy
Undernutrition
Obesity Complication during pregnancy
Complication during birth
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Undernutrition and Pregnancy
High prevalence of low birth weight and of micronutrient deficiencies
Iodine deficiency disorders
vitamin A deficiency,
iron deficiency anaemia in young children and women of childbearingage
Calcium deficiencies
Zinc deficiencies
Vitamin D deficiencies
Regional Committee for the Eastern Mediterranean ofWHO, 2010
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Obesity and PregnancyThe epidemiology of noncommunicable diseases, suchas cardiovascular disease, diabetes and cancer and therisk factors for these diseases
Closely related to food consumption, dietary patterns,nutrition and lifestyles.
Overweight and obesity are potent risk factors forcardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes and aremajor contributors to premature deaths
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Complications of Obesity During Pregnancy
Gestational DiabetesMellitus
HypertensionDisorders
Snoring
Sleep apnea
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
That is the higher the BMI, the higher the risk.
Increasingin the cardiovascular risk.
Obesity increase the risk for GDM six times.
Obesity increase the risk for hypertension eighttimes.
Physical activity needs for lowering fasting andpostpandrial glucose concentration.
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Complication During Birth
CesareanDelievery
Anasthesia andPostpartum
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Cesarean Delievery
Incomplete dilation of the cervix, fetaldistress, or failure of induction.
The risk of caesarean delivery also increasesin women with GDM and/or preeclampsia.
To longer gestational periods, whichproduce heavier newborns.
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Anasthesia and Postpartum (1)
The increase in subcutaneous fat may causeanatomical abnormalities, which may make itmore difficult to locate physical reference points.
The epidural administration, are more likely tofail.
General anesthesia may also cause respiratoryproblems due to anatomical differences (forinstance, shorter and fatter necks).
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Anasthesia and Postpartum (2)
Vaginal delieveri!vis-a-vis bleeding, infection, and
urinary problems. In vaginal Valginal delievery !delivery, obese women show a
higher incidence of perianal rupture due to the
elevated weight of the newborn. They tend to stay longer in the hospital after
delivery, further increasing the costs incurred.
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LACTATION
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Lactation
Variety hormonal changes occur alter delievery.
Overwright dan obese women later than donormal- weight women due to a lower prolactinsecretion in response to the infant suckingstimulation.
Though not demonstrated, that this is caused byhigh progesterone levels in obese women.
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Long-term Effects of
Maternal Obesity in theMother and the infant
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Long-term Effects of Maternal Obesity in the
Mother and the infant
Those women with GDM have a higher risk ofdeveloping DM2 later in life.
A higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease(CVD).
Children of women with GDM may present withmacrosomy and have a higher risk of developing DM inadolescence and CVD in adulthood.
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Conclusion
The nutrition transition and changes in lifestyles havecaused a remarkable increase in obesity during pregnancy.
Policy efforts must be directed to the prevention of obesity inyoung girls.
An obese mother has a higher chance of having large-for-gestational-age children, who in turn may become obese inadulthood and will also have newborns with a high risk ofmacrosomy.
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REFERENCE
Rozowski,J & Parodi, C.G. 2008. Implication of the Nutrition
Transition in the Nutritional Status on Pregnant WomanIn: Lammi-
Keefe, C.J; Couch, S.C; & Philipson, E.H, ed.Handbook of Nutrition
and Pregnancy. Humana Press:USA, pp:307-315
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