CSW Teaching

7/31/2019 CSW Teaching

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Community

Social Work

Teaching Resource

Powerpoint Slides

Martin ONeill

January 05


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Community Social WorkTeaching Resource

Powerpoint Slides

Session 1 Group Work

QuestionWhich community do you comefrom?

Session 2What is Community?

Definitions

Session 3Context Informing Practice

Session 4

Policy Context


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Session 5

The Social Determinants of

Health

Session 6

What is Community SocialWork?

Session 7

What skills are required forCommunity Social Work?

Session 8

Values, Skills

Session 9

Benefits and Limitations


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Session 10

The Role of theCommunity/Voluntary Sector

Session 11

Stages in the CommunitySocial Work Process

Session 12

Current issues

Macro

Micro

Session 13 (GroupExercise)

Case Studies


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Session

One


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Question.

How can social workers avoid

becoming a bureaucrat ora glorified administrator?

Community Social Work

approaches can help!


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Questions

1. Which community do you

come from?

2. What is community socialwork?

3. From your experience orknowledge can you identify

any examples of communitysocial work?


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What is

Community?

Definitions

Session Two


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Community

The term community describes

the nature of a particular series

of connections between

individuals which bind them

together into a coherent group.

The coherency of the group will

depend on the number and

strength of these connections

between individuals.


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Some of the connections

which bind people together

into a community are in two

themes:-

For sociologists, a common

geographical area, or acommon interest, ethnic

origin, disability etc


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CommonPurpose

Consistency ofinteraction/contact

Common/shared values,beliefs, outlook

Common perception ofexperience

Interactive networks of

relationships


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Communities are notautomatically:-

Supportive

Welcoming

Empathetic

Positive

Empowering

Caring

Forgiving

Enabling


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Community DevelopmentDefinition

Community development is directed in particular

at people who feel excluded from society. It

consists of a set of methods which can broaden

vision and capacity for social change, and

approaches, including consultation, advocacy

and relationships with local groups. It is a way of

working which is informed by certain principles

which seek to encourage communities people

who live in the same areas or who havesomething else in common to tackle for

themselves the problems which they face and

identify to be important, and which aim to

empower them to change things by developing

their own skills, knowledge and experience andalso by working in partnership with other groups

and with statutory agencies. The way in which

such change is achieved is vital and so both the

task and the process is important.

Monitoring and Evaluating ofCommunity Development in Northern Ireland,

Voluntary Activity Unit, DHSS 1996


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By community social work we mean formal socialwork which, starting from problems affectingindividuals or groups and the responsibilities andresources of social work departments and voluntaryorganisations, seeks to tap into, support, enable andunderpin the local networks of formal and informal

relationships which constitutes a basic definition ofcommunity (Barclay, 1982)

Community social work is about encouraging peopleto discover their resources and possibilities in orderto work for positive change in their community..People have the right to participate in the decisionsaffecting them but they grow through takingresponsibility for their own success or failure.

Community is founded on a sense of belonging andworth People are diminished if they are excludedfrom decision making. They are enhanced by

recognition and responsibility. The means and endsof community social work are not merely to providepeople with services or resources, but to makepossible the process of discovering and learningtogether by which communal life is created.

Amended fromWendy Godfrey (1985)

Community Social WorkDefinition


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Context InformingSocial Work Practice

Session Three


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Context Informing

Practice

Before starting a comparison it is

important to be clear about the

context. A key date sheet for Social

Work History in Britain provides a

short overview of the history of

social work and community

development issues, which inform

practice.


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4. Macro Context

A key date sheet for Social Work history

in Britain provides a short overview ofthe history of social work andcommunity development issues.

Paternalism/Populism

18001850 - Victorian Self Help,Laissez-faire doctrine, PoorLaw and Workhouses.

1869 - Charities Organisation Society1869 led to the setting up ofAlmoners, as the first socialworkers.

1893 - Settlement movement

1893 - middle class involvement insocial work and communitywork.


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1915 - Glasgow rent strike,

working class action. Church ofEngland, 1900, reforms end

evangelical trend in the Church.

1918 - Suffragettes, led to votes

for women 1918.

1914 - 1918 First World Wara

land for heroes

1930s - The Great Depression

1939 -1945 - Second World War

1945 - Labour win a landslide

victory, a new consensus and

welfare state established 1948


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Crisis Management

1950s Expanding economy, Localcouncils of SocialServices establishedCommunity Centres andcommunity workers established

in new and expanding councilestates

1960s Poverty rediscovered

1968 Gulbenkian Report promotedCommunity Work

1968 Seebohm Report led toreorganisation of SocialServices Departments,

Community Social Workersrecognised and supported


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Technocractic Management

1968 Riots, Vietnam protests, CND,

Civil Rights Movements,

Northern Ireland Conflict

1970 Urban Programme

established, 4,000 projectssupported, The rise of radical

social work.

1975 Community Development

Projects broke with

pluralist concerns, criticisedcapitalism as the source of

poverty, Home Office withdrew

funding

1979 Thatcher Government elected,

Welfare State criticised and

dismantled


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1982 Barclay Reportsupported communitysocial work, just as the tideturned against this idea

Griffiths Report onCommunity Care promotedbetter support for carers and a self

help ideology.

1990s Contract culture promoted in H&SS,renewed interest in communitydevelopment approaches

2000 Community social work andrhetoric assimilated bymanagement and Community

Development mainstreamed

Managerialism/SocialDevelopment


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Policy Context

SessionFour


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Policy Context

1. The Review of Public Administration inN Ireland 2003

- integration

- local government

2. Investing for Health 2002Partnerships in Health

3. A N.Ireland Anti-Poverty Strategy toreplace TSN?

4. Equality Agenda and Section 75

N.I. Act


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5. HPSS Regional Strategy to 2005 2025A new DHSS 20 year strategy published

December (04)

6. SHSSB Community DevelopmentStrategy 2000 CD Teams in SHSSB.

All Trusts in SHSSB have CD policies.Other Boards and Trusts have a range ofinterest in community development.

7. Current HPSS Funding cuts andefficiency savings. EU funding cuts.

Voluntary and Community Sectorsqueezed in the middle.

8. Equality schemes, Human Rights andPolicy Impact


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Government Policy

The Department of Health and Social

Services is committed to promoting acommunity development approach whichis linked to community social work.

The broad goals include, amongstothers:-

tackling social exclusion;

promoting the principles of social

justice in all policies and strategies forhealth and wellbeing;

tackling inequalities in health andwellbeing and their root causes;

creating healthy environments;

partnership with the voluntary andcommunity sector;

promoting volunteering.


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The Social Determinants

of Health

SessionFive


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If Inequalities in Social

Wellbeing are to be Reducedit Will be Essential to:-

Have policies to achieve general healthimprovement and have a greater impact on

the less well off. That is those in those interms of socioeconomic status, gender orethnicity, less well off in terms of health or itsprincipal determinants such as income,education, employment or the materialenvironment.

A well intentioned policy which improvesaverage health and social wellbeing may haveno effect on inequalities. It may even widenthem by having a greater effect on the better

off, eg immunisation, cervical screening,smoking taken up by the middle classes.

The mortality rate between (professional classI) and (unskilled class 5) which is nearly twice

as high for class 5.


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This increases the risk of mental

illness, disability, addiction and

social isolation.

Social support is very important to

good health as people feel cared

for, loved, esteemed and valued.This has a powerful protective effect

on health and wellbeing. Highlevels of mutual support protect

health while low levels have acorrosive effect.


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Session

Six

What is CommunitySocial Work?


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What Is CommunitySocial Work?

it fights poverty and social exclusion

it aims to include service users as fulland active citizens

it challenges discrimination by race,disability, age, religion, gender andsexual orientation

it is about people working together forservice user led, democratic action


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it promotes participation in decisionmaking and gives people more power

it works to prevent problems

it encourages people to learn skillsand knowledge and develop selfesteem and confidence through taking

action

it supports joint work between HPSS

agencies, citizens.

action can range from individual self

help to lobbying and campaigning.


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Within Health and SocialServices the Purpose ofCommunity Social Workis to Assist People to:-

obtain better access to information on health

and social issues.

identify and articulate their own health and

social needs and agenda for action.

negotiate and lobby for health and social

improvements .


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strengthen personal and community

networks and relationships,

providing mutual assistance.

enhance community spirit by

increasing peoples feelings of selfesteem, identity and belonging.

increase confidence and personal skills.

Assist people to make an impact onpolicies affecting their health and social

well-being.


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The Community Social Work Process canbe applied to many different settings.

Relevant to a health and social settingwhere a broad and holistic definition ofhealth and wellbeing is applied

It can operate at the following levels:-

Within communities, developingindividuals, groups and communityorganisations.

In the management, operation andservice delivery of statutory andvoluntary organisations.

In partnership between service usersand organisations such as health andlocal authorities, and local communitiesparticularly in the planning and delivery

of services.


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Group Work

Identify the skills required for communitysocial workers

SessionSeven


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Question

Can you identify what skills

are required for Community

Social Workers?

How would you apply these

skills?


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Values and Skills

Session

Eight


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Community

Social Work

Values and Principles

Respect, regardless of gender, age, belief, race, class, sexual orientation, disability.

Accept him/her as a person/uniqueness

To uphold his/her rights to self determination.

Non-judgemental attitude.

Anti-racist, anti discriminatory and anti-sectarian

commitment.

Anti-oppressive practice.

Respect for the individual/group


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Confidentiality limitations.

Recognition and commitment totackling inequalities in health andsocial wellbeing.

Commitment to collective action.

Tackle social exclusion

Empowerment

Participation

Can you see any problems withthe above?


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Skills Neededby Community Social

WorkersMany of the ideas and methods incommunity social work will not be new.

However the conventional ways ofworking, focused on the client list and

on the individual and emphasising

professional control of health and social

services knowledge, are all challengedby community social work methods

One list of skills and knowledge for

community social workers is given onthe following page. Some of these

skills will be needed by community

social workers.


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Skills Needed

research

information skills

analytical skills

interpersonal skills

motivational skills

group work skills


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knowledge of organisational

theory and practice

financial skills

knowledge of how Government

Departments operate

management skills

lobbying skills

knowledge of relevant legislation

knowledge and skills in working

with the voluntary and community

sector


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Benefits and Limitations

Session

Nine


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Community social work approaches involvelots of commitment; many difficulties may haveto be overcome. One study of the use ofcommunity approaches in practice found awide range of benefits and issues identified bySocial Workers.

Benefits/Limitations ofCommunity Social Work

The benefits included:

more satisfying work; more appropriate service user engagement

with services and hence more effective use; more realistic expectations of services staff felt that they had a greater

knowledge of the resources to offerpatients;

a feeling of being able to share problems withother agencies. Limits Bureaucracy Managerialism Experts, some social workers view

themselves as experts and are unwilling toshare power


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The role of the

Voluntary/CommunitySector

SessionTen


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The Role ofVoluntary/Community

Sector Voluntary Organisations provide vital

services which would not otherwise beprovided by the state.

Make a unique contribution to healthand social wellbeing.

Promote social welfare in targetinghealth and social need to sociallyexcluded individuals, groups and

communities. Eg, a C.A.B: 66% ofusers had no educational qualificationsand almost half were on low income.

Value base derived from userinvolvement and participation.

Voluntary led services promote socialand emotional wellbeing which maywell mitigate the need for referrals tostatutory agencies.

Working in partnership betweenvoluntary/community organisations andHealth and Social Services is vitallyimportant.


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Stages in theCommunity Social

Work Process

Session

Eleven


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Stages in the Community

Social Work Process Entry: getting to know the person or group you are working

with

Build up contacts and trust and clarify your role

Identify formal or informal networks and structures

Work with the person or group to help them identify mainconcerns/ problems/areas of common interest

Help them identify what needs to change

Collectivise involvement, participation and commitment withinthe persons network or community or group

Clarify openings and resistances to change

Help the person or group develop tactics and plans to bringabout change, by building an opening and tackling or by-

passing resistance

Take action as appropriate

Evaluate

Continue the process


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Current issuesMacroMicro

Session Twelve


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Current Issues

Macro Level

Working within a conflict/postconflict society

The role of the Northern IrelandAssembly?

Equality Agenda

Human Rights Agenda

The Review of Public

Administration and LocalGovernment


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The restructuring ofdownsizing Health and Social

Services managerialismv-social development

Cross Border Dimension

European Perspective(N Ireland less important)

Down sizing the statutory andvoluntary sectors (too manyorganizations doing similar

things) Funding cuts &efficiency savings


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Current IssuesMicro Level

Mainstreaming communitydevelopment and community socialwork in HPSS

Community Development Policy in

Trusts and BoardsNot joined up across all the HPSS

Resources?

Scarce

Role of voluntary and communitysector as partners or adversaries,

do we use and abuse them?


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Case Studies

Session Thirteen


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Case Study One

A group of people withmental health problems statethat they are fed up with the

programme at a socialcentre.

What would you do?

What are the issues?

What are the potential

problems?

How would you handle

these?


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Case Study Two

A group of Muslim women ask for

help in forming a group.

During the meeting many express

concerns and fears about racist

attacks and abuse because of

September 11th.

What would you do? What is the role of the agency?

What is your role, what problemsmight arise?

How would you handle these?


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Case Study Three

A carers group haveexperienced a range ofproblems:- lack of respite(24 hr caring), carers mental

health needs, stigma, lack ofresources, little recognitionfrom HPSS. They state thatthey are being used and

abused by social services.

What is your role?

What is the role of theagency?

How could these issues betackled?


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Case Study 4

You are a social worker in aCentre providing services for agroup with learning difficulties

The group wants a strongervoice in how the Programme of

the Centre is organised However, the manager and

staff are resisting this proposal

What would you do?

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