Impact of the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863: freed slaves in Confederate...
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Transcript of Impact of the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863: freed slaves in Confederate...
![Page 1: Impact of the Civil War. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863: freed slaves in Confederate States only – not border states! Aims: 1.undermine.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1afa7f8b9ab059983472/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Impact of the Civil War
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The Emancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863: freed slaves in Confederate
States only– not border states!
Aims: 1. undermine the South2. rally abolitionists 3. gain international support
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ReconstructionKey questions:• What to do with the slaves?• How to allow rebellious states to re-enter
Union?• How to treat the leaders of the rebellion?• Should African-Americans get the vote?
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Lincoln’s Plan - ModerateAllow state to rejoin Union if:• 10% of voters take oath of allegiance to
U.S.• Abolish slavery
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Johnson’s Reconstruction - moderate
• 10% of voters take oath of allegiance to U.S.
• Abolish slavery• Deny vote to Confederate leaders• No treason trials
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Freedmen’s Bureau• Federal agency aiding freed blacks• Had jurisdiction over ex-slaves
(freedmen)• Provided food, clothing, and fuel to
destitute freedmen• Established schools
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Freedmen• Planters owned land, tools, and draft
animals• Ex-slaves were not generally welcomed
in Northern cities• Many freedmen became sharecroppers –
in exchange for prodcuing cotton, rented land
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The Black Codes• Set curfews, wages, limited ability of
African-Americans to enter into contracts• African-Americans could not carry
weapons or sit on juries• Overturned by Civil Rights Act of 1866
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Congressional (Radical) Reconstruction
• Election of 1866: Radical Republicans take control of congress
• Have enough votes to override president’s vetoes
• Battled with Johnson (Lincoln’s successor)• Impeached Johnson – Johnson acquitted by
one vote
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Radical Reconstruction• Reconstruction Acts: southern states administered in
military districts• The vote extended to all African-Americans by 1867• Confederate leaders not allowed to serve in
government • 10-15,000 Confederates lost right to vote• Civilian governments dismissed• South occupied by federal troops
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Radical ReconstructionConditions for readmission to the Union:Each state must:• Hold a constitutional convention with universal
manhood suffrage• Constitution must guarantee black suffrage• State must ratify 14th Amendment• Congress (not President) would review each case
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Election of 1868Election was held under military supervisionA Republican coalition:• Northern “carpetbaggers”• Southern “scalawags”• FreedmenSome reconstruction governments engaged in corruption
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Southern States under Reconstruction, continued
• Results: • 1868 election: 4/7 governorships, 10/14
Senate seats, 20/35 Rep’s to northerners• Chief task: rebuild economy of South
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Backlash in the South• All states gain federal Congressional
representation by 1870• Rise of the Ku Klux Klan – terrorist
organization• Republicans split – Democrats begin to
gain control of states in 1870’s• 1877 – Reconstruction ends
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The End of Reconstruction• Election of 1876 is disputed• Tilden (Democrat) vs. Hayes (Republican)• Tilden wins popular vote; dispute about
electoral vote• Congress appoints commission to resolve
dispute• Hayes “appointed” President; Republicans in
House agree to end Reconstruction
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The Black Amendments aka the Civil War Amendments
• 13-15th