Impact of Innovation on Healthcare Industry

8/2/2019 Impact of Innovation on Healthcare Industry

1/40

Click to edit Master subtitle style

Impact of Engineering

Innovation on the Health careIndustry

Submitted to,Professor. ErikSanderBy ,Nakul Ganji


2/40

History of

Healthcare Sumerians constructed the earliest known

healthcare complexes around hot springs

during 4000 B.C(approximately)

Ancient Greeks were the first to lay a

foundation for comprehensive tourismmedical network. In honor of their god ofmedicine Asclepius". They constructedAsclepia temples which become some of theworlds first healthcare centers


3/40

Temple and cult of

Asclepius


4/40

In India, the history of medical tourism wasalso slowly unfolding with the popularity of

yoga and Ayurveda medicine. As early as5000 years ago, constant streams ofmedical travelers and spiritual studentsflocked to India to seek the benefits of thesealternative-healing methods.

When Rome became a global power, severalhot-water baths and springs called Thermaecame into existence and gained popularityamong the elite. These baths were not onlyhealthcare facilities, but becamecommercial and social networking centers

for the rich and the elite.


5/40

History of Medicine-

The Middle Ages With the downfall of the Roman

Civilization, Asia continued to be theprime medical tourism destinationfor healthcare travelers. Templesgave way to hospitals that provide

clinical services to travelers seekinghealthcare. These institutions arechronicled in medical tourism

history.


6/40

The Invention of

Hospital Many early Islamic cultures

established health care systems thatalso catered for foreigners. In 1248AD, the Mansuri Hospital was built inCairo and became the largest and

most advanced hospital in the worldof that time. With the capacity toaccommodate 8,000 people, this

hospital became a healthcare


7/40


8/40

s ory o me c ne-The Renaissance

Period The Renaissance Period of the 14th

to 17th century, not only highlightedthe rebirth of art and culture inEurope and England, but was also aperiod where medical tourism

flourished. A village known as Ville d'Eaux or

Town of Waters, became famous

throughout Europe in 1326 when


9/40

s ory o e c ne Post Renaissance

Period The discovery of the New Worldbrought new destinations forEuropean medical travelers. During

the 1600s, English and Dutchcolonists started building log cabinsnear mineral springs rich with

medicinal properties. During thistime, it was noted that the NativeAmericans in the New World wereadept in the healing arts.Knowledge in herbal medicine was


10/40

s ory o me c neduring the 20th and

21st Century America and Europe became thecenter of the healthcare world

In 1933, the American Board ofMedical Specialties (ABMS) wasestablished which establishededucational and professional

policies, which became theblueprint of standards around theworld.

In 1958, the European Union of


11/40

During the 20th century there was atremendous advancement in the healthcare

industry. In 1900, an American man could expect to

live on average until he was 45 years old. By1940, that life-expectancy number had

jumped to 62 years, while for women theaverage number increased from 51 years to66 years.

That unprecedented advance in public health

was largely the result of the spread of


12/40

Some ImportantMedical Innovations1.Ambulance 10 .Hepatitis

Vaccine

2.Antiseptics 11 .Insulin

Process3.Band Aids 12 .MRI

4.Blood bank 13 .Oral

Contraceptives5.Cloning 14

.Pasteurization

6.Contact lenses 15 .Polio


13/40

1504 - Leonardo da Vinci produces wax castof human ventricles

1681 - Thomas Willis coins the termNeurology

1791 - Luigi Galvani publishes work onelectrical stimulation of frog nerves

1832 - Massachusetts establishes a "State

Lunatic Hospital" for the mentally ill 1948 - The World Health Organization is

found


14/40

ra n umor- mpac oengineering innovation

in curing it

Important inventions for curing the Brain Tumor

Invention of EEG in 1924 made it possible tothink about diagnosing tumors

MRI-magnetic resonance imaging plays a

very important role in detecting tumors Cranial CT scans


15/40

w o surv ve ra ntumor

Acting

Sandy Duncan, Martin Kemp, Mark Allan Ruffalo

Music

James Murphy, A.J crose

The great singer BOB MARLEY could survivefor more than 8 months


16/40

Engineering

Tom Hanks

John Travolta

Billy Bob Thorton

Kevin James

David Beckham

Jude law


17/40

Healthcare profession dealing with eyes isknown as optometry

Ancient Chinese were the first to invent

eyeglasses over 1000years ago Benito Daza published the third book on

optometry in 1623

In 1914 Ohio state university started the

first ever educational program on optometry


18/40

From this base, it was possible to designtechnology for spectacles with varying

power.

Later, it was possible to invent technology forlenses and Lasik treatment.

It is very difficult to imagine a life withoutalternative for weak vision


19/40

urren reas oImportance for

Engineers Tissue Engineering

Genetic Engineering

Neural Engineering

Pharmaceutical Engineering

Medical Imaging

Clinical Engineering


20/40

Tissue Engineering

Also Known as regenerative medicine

It applies the principles of engineeringtowards the progress of tissue function

Includes interesting topics like construction

of artificial skin, artificial bone marrow,artificial bone

It utilizes living cells as materials


21/40

One of the most important research topic intissue engineering is the stem cell research

It includes research involving stem cells fromhuman and non-human sources

Believed by many people as a curingtechnology for cancer


22/40

Genetic Engineering

Involves the modification of an organismusing techniques that introduce foreignsubstances into a host.

Was developed in 1986 when tobacco plantswere modified for resistance to herbicides

Has been greatly utilized in various fields ofmedicine


23/40

Has been used to mass-produce insulin,vaccines and many other drugs

Gene therapy has been used to replacedefective human genes with functionalcopies

Used to create animal models of humandiseases ex-genetically modified mice


24/40

Neural Engineering

Engineering Principle concerned with theproperties of neural systems

Contains broad range of Topics Such asComputational neuroscience, experimentalneuroscience, electrical engineering andsignal processing

Huge amount of importance is being given asa result of this field to interface between thehuman brain and computer


25/40

PharmaceuticalEngineering

It is concerned with the improvement ofprocedures followed in converting chemical

and biological materials into valuablepharmaceuticals

This field is fast gaining attention. It wasinitially exposed by University of Michigan,

which developed a program forpharmaceutical engineering


26/40

Medical Imaging A technique to create images of the human

body for medical purposes

Involves radiology, nuclear medicine,radiological sciences, endoscopy and

microscopy The cause of the disease is analyzed from

the observed signal


27/40

Different technologies used:

Radiography

Magnetic resonance Imaging

Fiduciary markers Tomography

Ultrasound

Photo acoustic Imaging


28/40

Clinical Engineering

Involves applying medical technology tooptimize healthcare delivery

Clinical engineering involves a large numberof industrial engineers to help them addressfactors such as operations research, humanfactors , cost analysis

Clinical Engineers form a bridge between theproduct creators and end users.


29/40

a result of EngineeringInnovation SMS Consultation Distance Learning

Handheld Hospital

Remote Diagnostics Gaming for health

onsu a on


30/40

onsu a on

A short message can be used in this methodto ask experts for vital information in real-

time and get an instant reply. The Information is easy to remember and

spread

The increased availability of mobile phones

all over the world connects people like neverbefore, and makes it easy for SMSconsultation


31/40

Distance Learning

Due to a great number engineeringInnovations it is now possible for us to

stream and view high quality video contenton handheld devices

With the help of distance learning we canspread awareness of latest techniques

among remote areas Developing countries would benefit a lot from

this practice as it would help them educatetheir people with least effort

an e osp a s


32/40

an e osp a s

Mobile applications, peripherals arebecoming sophisticated enough to

perform tasks Tasks that are comparable to their hospital

equivalents at prices that are moreaccessible for the emerging economies

Mobile devices can be used to monitorpatients and larger populations, identifyingand preventing pandemics by treatingpeople before disease spreads.


33/40

Remote Diagnostics

Researchers at the University of Florida havedeveloped a prototype of an ingestible pill

capsule containing a microchip and anantenna, which automatically alerts doctorsor family members when it is ingested. Afterit is swallowed, the microchip in the pill

transmits a signal to an external electronicdevice which then alerts a cell phone.


34/40

Remote patient monitoring via the Iphone

The Airstrip series of applications for the IPhoneare a collection of mobile services that allow

physicians to monitor patient statusinformation away from medical centers inreal-time. The technology platform taps intothe hospital systems and provides waveform

data sets such as heart beat, vital signs andimaging data via a secure connection fromhospital to doctor.


35/40

Gaming For Health

In an effort to motivate individuals to make

smarter decisions about their health, services

are being developed that provide incentives

alongside activities such as fitness, diet

and disease management. By introducing

game mechanics into areas of life thatpeople are already engaged in, designers

are helping both influence and reinforce

positive behaviors. This feedback loop

encoura es healthier choices.

am ng or ea


36/40

am ng or ea -receiving real rewards

for fitness


37/40

Biomedical Printing

Building on advances in physical and 3D

printing technologies, artificial constructions

of biomedical materials are becoming a

reality. Developments that allow for rapid

printing of medicines, artificial prosthetics,

and even human tissue, point towards futureaccess to medical support anywhere on

demand


38/40

3D Printer successfullycreating Human vein


39/40

Bioprinter sprayingskin cells onto wounds


40/40

Summary

Since the discovery of healthcare complexesby the Sumerians, the healthcare industry

has undergone a huge transformation Engineers have played a pivotal role in the

progress of healthcare industry. Withoutthere achievements it would have been

difficult to imagine the present scenario ofaffairs

Impact of Innovation on Healthcare Industry

Documents

Transcript of Impact of Innovation on Healthcare Industry