Immune SystemImmune System

Physical Defense: Fight or Flight

Maryland Science Content StandardMaryland Science Content Standard

• Select several body systems and explain the role of cells, tissues and organs that effectively carry out a vital function for the organism, such as defense

ObjectiveObjective

• Title:Homeland Security

• Date: 04/18/23

• I will explain how the body uses reflexes to protect itself from injury and describe an event in which the endocrine system protects the body from injury.

Lesson Question:Lesson Question:

How do we protect ourselves from bodily injury?

Engage your thinking…Engage your thinking…

Questions:

1. What happens if you accidentally touch a hot frying pan handle?

2. Is your response automatic or do you have to think about it?

3. How is your nervous system trying to protect you in this situation?

Discuss quietly with your groups for 1 minute

ReflexesReflexesWhat is a reflex?

A REFLEX is an action that takes place without your conscious control. Reflexes occur very rapidly BEFORE information is processed by the brain.

Information is processed in the spinal cord. How could this be helpful in a situation where you could be caused injury?

Can you give an example of a reflex?Where did the reflex begin?

Sensory OrgansSensory Organs

• Reflexes begin with theReflexes begin with the Sensory Sensory organs!organs!

• eyeseyes (sight) (sight)

• earsears (sound) (sound)

• nosenose (smell)(smell)

• mouthmouth (taste) (taste)

• skinskin (touch) (touch)

Sensory OrgansSensory Organs

• Sensory organs respond to light, sound, heat, pressure, and chemicals. They also respond to changes in the position of your body.

• Sensory neurons (specialized nerve cells) receive and detect information from the outside environment and sent that information to the spinal cord and brain.

Explain:Explain:

Use the information you have gained from today’s discussion to explain how the body uses reflexes to protect itself from injury.

Some people like danger…why?Some people like danger…why?

• Why do you think Why do you think people do “extreme” people do “extreme” sports?sports?

• What makes people What makes people want to do want to do dangerous things?dangerous things?

• Have you ever done Have you ever done anything like this?anything like this?

• How did your body How did your body feel or react?feel or react?

Some people like danger…why?Some people like danger…why?

• That feeling of extra strength and That feeling of extra strength and awareness that you get when you are in awareness that you get when you are in danger comes from something called the danger comes from something called the “fight or flight” response…“fight or flight” response…

• It is also known as an adrenalin rush.It is also known as an adrenalin rush.

• Your body is releasing a chemical Your body is releasing a chemical hormone to give you extra energy to get hormone to give you extra energy to get out of danger!!out of danger!!

Let’s explore this other Let’s explore this other form of protection…form of protection…

The Glands and Hormones of the The Glands and Hormones of the Endocrine System…Endocrine System…

Exploring the Exploring the endocrine system…endocrine system…

- We know that your body can release We know that your body can release chemical hormones to help you in dangerous chemical hormones to help you in dangerous situations, but that’s not all these chemicals situations, but that’s not all these chemicals can do.can do.

- Use the following slides to explore some of Use the following slides to explore some of the the glandsglands of the endocrine system and of the endocrine system and complete the chart in your packets to list their complete the chart in your packets to list their functions in helping to maintain functions in helping to maintain homeostasis. homeostasis.

Explore Some Major Endocrine Glands and List Their Explore Some Major Endocrine Glands and List Their FunctionsFunctions

Pituitary •Releases HGH, stimulates growth

Thyroid

Adrenal

Pancreas

The Endocrine System

• The Endocrine System consists of a collection of glands.

• These glands produce chemical messengers called hormones.

• The endocrine system uses the Circulatory system to deliver chemical messages.

• The Nervous System and the Endocrine System work together to keep all the parts of the body running smoothly.

The Glands of the Endocrine The Glands of the Endocrine SystemSystem

• Some of the major glands of the endocrine system Are:

• The Hypothalamus Gland• The Pituitary Gland• The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands• The Adrenal Glands• The Pancreas

The Glands of the Endocrine The Glands of the Endocrine SystemSystem

• Hypothalamus-Hypothalamus- a tiny gland at the base of the a tiny gland at the base of the brain.brain.

• It is the It is the linklink between the nervous system and between the nervous system and the rest of the body.the rest of the body.

• This gland controls your This gland controls your body temperature,body temperature, water supply, appetite, and sleepwater supply, appetite, and sleep..

• Releases many different hormonesReleases many different hormones that turn that turn on and turn off other endocrine glands all over on and turn off other endocrine glands all over the body.the body.

HypothalamusHypothalamus

Gland FunctionsGland Functions

• Pituitary Gland- Considered at one time to be the “Master Gland”

• Located at the base of the brain, just below the hypothalamus

• Releases Human Growth Hormone(HGH)….• Pituitary Dwarfism, Giantism• Controls Blood Pressure, Regulates

Kidneys.• Controls other glands (Thyroid, Adrenals)

Pituitary GlandPituitary Gland

Gland FunctionsGland Functions

• Thyroid GlandThyroid Gland-- Located at the base of the Located at the base of the neck below the larynx.neck below the larynx.

• Regulates Regulates MetabolismMetabolism• Releases hormone called thyroxine Releases hormone called thyroxine

(controls the release of energy from food)(controls the release of energy from food)• Too much Too much thyroxine thyroxine = high metabolism = = high metabolism =

sleep loss and weight losssleep loss and weight loss• Controls levels of minerals (calcium, Controls levels of minerals (calcium,

phosphorus) in the body by releasing phosphorus) in the body by releasing calcitonincalcitonin

Thyroid Gland

Gland FunctionsGland Functions

• Adrenal Glands- Located directly above the kidneys

• Releases Adrenaline• Fight or Flight mechanism• Superhuman strength, speed• Heart beats faster, more alert to sounds,

quicker thinking and reflexes• Rise in blood pressure, blood sugar,

breathing rare increases• Does not last long• Takes a toll on the body

This person is This person is

experiencing an experiencing an

““Adrenaline RushAdrenaline Rush””

How is he feeling How is he feeling

right now?right now?

How is his body How is his body

Reacting?Reacting?

How will he feel How will he feel

later?later?

Adrenal GlandsAdrenal Glands

Gland FunctionsGland Functions

• PancreasPancreas-Located near the stomach-Located near the stomach• Acts as a digestive organActs as a digestive organ• Releases the hormones Insulin and Releases the hormones Insulin and

GlucagenGlucagen• Insulin reduces the level of sugar in the Insulin reduces the level of sugar in the

blood blood • Without it, sugar cannot be absorbed into Without it, sugar cannot be absorbed into

body cells (body cells (DiabetesDiabetes))• Glucagen increases the level of sugar in the Glucagen increases the level of sugar in the

bloodblood

PancreasPancreas

Describe Some Major Endocrine Glands and List Their Describe Some Major Endocrine Glands and List Their FunctionsFunctions

Pituitary •Releases HGH, stimulates growth

Thyroid •Releases thyroxine, regulates metabolism

Adrenal •Releases adrelaline, fight or flight mechanism.

Pancreas •Releases insulin and glucagen, regulates blood sugar.

Explain…Explain…

Answer the questions below in your packets.Answer the questions below in your packets.

1.1. DefineDefine what a what a hormonehormone is: is:

2.2. DescribeDescribe whatwhat their purpose is in the human their purpose is in the human body:body:

3.3. ExplainExplain whywhy you have hormones: you have hormones:

4.4. IdentifyIdentify where where they are producedthey are produced::

HormonesHormones

• Definition:Definition: Hormones are chemical Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the blood.messengers that travel through the blood.

• Purpose:Purpose: Your body communicates with Your body communicates with itself by releasing hormones into the itself by releasing hormones into the Circulatory System.Circulatory System.

• Reason:Reason: If you didn’t have hormones, your If you didn’t have hormones, your body wouldn’t know when you need food or body wouldn’t know when you need food or water. Your body wouldn’t know when to water. Your body wouldn’t know when to start growing, or when to stop growing.start growing, or when to stop growing.

• Source:Source: Your hormones are produced by Your hormones are produced by Glands in the Endocrine System.Glands in the Endocrine System.

Evaluate your learning…

Describe an event in which the Describe an event in which the endocrine systemendocrine system protects the body protects the body from injury. Please include specific from injury. Please include specific information from today’s lesson in information from today’s lesson in your responseyour response

Evaluate yourself…Evaluate yourself…

Can you:Can you:

• Explain how the body uses Explain how the body uses reflexesreflexes to protect itself from injury.to protect itself from injury.

• Describe an event in which the Describe an event in which the fight fight or flightor flight response is used as a response is used as a defense against injury.defense against injury.