a

Impact Evaluation Study of

Char Development & Settlement Project (CDSP-lll)

Carried out by Evaluation Sector

Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED) Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Conducted by

Research Evaluation Associates for Development Ltd. (READ)

June 2012

b

Impact Evaluation Study of

Char Development & Settlement Project (CDSP-lll)

READ Professionals IMED Officials

Dr. Syed Jahangeer Haider Evaluation Specialist- Team Leader

Syed Md. Haider Ali Director General

Md. Quddusur Rahman Civil Engineer

Md. Abdul Quiyum Director

Md. Farid Uddin Civil Engineer

Sufia Zakariah Director

Dr. Md. Abdul Ghani Irrigation Specialist

Debabbrata Mandal Evaluation Officer

Ms. Jakia Akter Water Resource Specialist

Dr. Quazi Abdus Samad Statistician and Sampling Expert

Dr. Anowarul Kabir Statistician

Dr. Santosh Kumer Sarker Agriculturist

Sharmin Akter Project Coordinator

Md. Nashir Uddin Computer Programmer cum System Analyst

Carried out by

Evaluation Sector Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division (IMED)

Ministry of Planning, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh

Conducted by

Research Evaluation Associates for Development Ltd. (READ)

June 2012

c

Abbreviation

BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board

CDSP Char Development and Settlement Project

DAE Department of Agricultural Extension

DCIs Data Collection Instruments

DG Director General

DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering

FGD Focus Group Discussion

FSU First Stage Sampling Unit

RDPP Revised Development Project Proforma

DTW Deep Tube-wells

IMED Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division

LGED Local Government Engineering Department

LQAS Lot Quality Assurance System

MOL Ministry of Land

NGO Non-Governmental Organization

PCR Project Completion Report

PRAs Participatory Rapid Assessments

READ Research Evaluation Associates for Development Ltd.

SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science

TOR Terms of Reference

VO Voluntary Organizations

d

Contents

Page #

Executive Summary

i- viii

Chapter-I: Background Information of the Project 1 - 2 A. Objectives of the Project

3 - 4

Chapter-II: Study Methodology and Data Collection

5 - 13

Chapter III: Analyses of Findings A. Summary Finding of PCR 14-17 B. Physical Verifications/ Sample Checks of Project Components: Infrastructure 18-19 C. Participatory Rapid Assessments (PRAs) 20- 28 D. Findings of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) 29- 31 E. Findings of Intensive Interviews with the Officials and field Personnel involved

in CDSP lll 32- 34

F. Findings of Intensive Interviews with the selected Personnel of Community Level Organization in CDSP lll

35-37

G. Findings of Local Level Workshop on Sharing Opinion with the Local Level Participants (beneficiaries)

38- 39

H. Findings of Household Level Beneficiaries Section 1: Sample Characteristics 40 – 42 Section 2: Benefits, Ownership and Use of Land (Khatians) Obtained from The Ministry of Land

42 – 44

Section-3: Safe Water and Sanitation 44 Section-4: Social Forestry 44 – 46 Section-5: Communication System 46 – 47 Section 6: Impact of Agriculture (DAE) 47 – 51 Section-7: Impact on Health and Education 51 – 53 Section-8: Strengths, Weaknesses and Recommendations 53 – 60 Conclusion: Sustainability of the Project Interventions and their Use

61 – 62

Reference

63

Appendix 1: CDSP Map l, ll and lll areas 64 Appendix 2: Pictures of Local Level Workshop, Dissemination Workshop and Observed of Project Components at Boyar Char

65

Appendix 3: Detailed Tables of Household Findings 66- 67 Appendix 4: Detailed Findings of PRA 68–78 Appendix 5: Data Collection Instruments (Questionnaire & Guideline in Bangla) 79-120 Appendix 6: Dissemination Workshop Report on Impact Evaluation Findings 121-125

i

Executive Summary

Char Development and Settlement Project was designed to link the poor char people to mainstream development. The project evolved as a regional multi-sectoral and multi-agency programme under the successive phases of the Char Development Project (CDSP): an umbrella Development Project Proforma (DPP), with separate DPPs for the participating 6 agencies. Project initially identified poverty alleviation as the core intervention through the provision of a land title to landless families; followed by improvements in water management, sanitation (latrines) and agricultural practices, leading to higher farm incomes. Project pursued that both men and women have equal opportunities to participate in the CDSP lll interventions in the Boyer Char under Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali district. The project was technically and financially supported by the Government of Bangladesh and Government of the Netherlands. The sponsoring ministries are: i) Ministry of Water Resources; ii) Ministry of Land; iii) Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives; iv) Ministry of Agriculture; v) Ministry of Environment & Forest; and the executing agencies are: i) Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB); ii) Ministry of Land with the help of - Deputy Commissioner, Noakhali; iii) Forest Department; iv) Local Government Engineering Department (LGED); v) Department of Public Health Engineering; and vi) Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE). CDSP implementation period is from July 2005 to February 2011. Total GoB allocation was 1957 lakh taka and the TA allocation was 9220 lakh taka. Objectives of the Project BWDB: Improve drainage facility of the project area; protect land from tidal surge and flood; reduce salinity problem; and improve economic and social status of the people in the coastal chars in a sustainable way. Ministry of Land: Conduct Plot to plot survey in the project area; Identify status of char land and people in possession; Settle landless families in Khas Land with title deed & khatian; Rehabilitate destitute families in the cluster villages; ensure land for productive use; and cultivate fishes in excavated ponds; generate incomes. LGED: Improve the local trading and transport environment by rehabilitation and maintenance of the physical infrastructures of transport networks (roads) and trading centres; and provide cyclone shelters for the people of coastal char area during natural calamities. DPHE: Make safe and wholesome water available to the people; use safe water to reduce diarrhoea & water borne diseases; ensure safe water supply and proper excreta disposal system; and adopt necessary step to achieve sustainable water supply. DAE: Increase crop production (HYVs); improve cropping practices; improve/diversify cropping pattern; apply appropriate technologies. Forest Development: Ensure security of lives and properties from natural disaster; create tree resources involving local people in social forestry; create income opportunities; increase supply of tree plants meeting people’s demands; protect roads & embankments establishing strip plantation; and increase fish resources. Objectives of the Current Evaluation: The specific objectives of the current assignment are: i) Review the outcome of the project in terms of increased crop production due to tidal flood control and improvement of salinity problem; reduction of water logging problem; increased coverage of water supply and sanitation; reduced incidence of diarrhoea and

ii

parasitic infections for char settlers in project areas; tree plantation and local people’s participation in it and getting benefit after felling; growth in traffic and reduced transport cost in project areas; increased rate of primary education; present status of twin houses; rehabilitation of landless people through providing adequate living condition with title of ownership; and development of income generating activities through creation of job opportunities; ii) Assess whether living conditions of the char dwellers have improved by the socio-economic development related project interventions; iii) Identify successes of the project implementation as well as weaknesses, if any, and suggest appropriate recommendations to overcome those. Study Methodology and Data Collection: Study design included a comparative assessment of the outcome impact on the population exposed to: project interventions sample considered as Participants’ and Part Participants (Beneficiaries): and those not exposed to project interventions considered as Non Participants’ or Control sample. Essentially, both Participants and Non Participants’ Samples were drawn from among the population living in the specific Char Areas: Participants and Part Participants from Boyer Char of Hatiya Upazila; and Non Participants from Nolar Char of Hatiya Upazila and Ziar Char of Subarna Char Upazila of Noakhali District. The sample frame on the Participants’ (recipients of land title deeds/Twin house and or others); and ‘Part Participants’ (other interventions only: Latrines, Tube wells, training, poultry plants etc.) were drawn by conducting a brief pre survey within the project areas. In the absence of availability of baseline data; the questionnaires and all other data collection instruments, inquired the status at both pre (2005 or prior) and post project (2011 and current) periods by integrating questions for the purpose. Sample Design: House Hold Level Quantitative Survey: The proposed survey was a cross-sectional survey: Intervention Area: Boyer Char under Hatiya Upazila; and Comparison/Control Area: Ziar Char in Subarna Char Upazila and Nolar Char in Hatiya Upazila. Target populations were poor people of coastal char areas, who are landless laborers, destitute women, small tenants/landowners, and very small landowners and fishermen. A stratified sampling procedure with equal allocation used to select the survey unit (i.e. household). The households were selected randomly from the sample frame constructed through the proposed brief pre survey. Sample size of the intervention was determined scientifically, where: z statistic is 1.96, which corresponds to the 95% confidence level; ε is the relative precision that is considered 5%; and design effect is 1.5. The sample size is n = 2300 households. Total sample households: 3450 (project area 2300; control area 1150): 115 VOs (30 households per VO X 115 = 3450 households. Respondents: 4140 (project area 2760; Comparison area 1380): Male: 3450 (project area 2300; Control area 1150); and Females: 690 (project area 460; control area 230). Qualitative Investigations: Reviewed and assessed PCR, Evaluation Reports etc. Used brief format for Pre survey; conducted PRAs with males and females; FGDs (in Boyer Char: Intervention Area) with opinion leaders, and Intensive Interviews with: Officials and field personnel, NGO personnel and field agents; Personnel of Community level organizations, like Water Management Organizations, Social Forestry Groups, Farmer Forums, Labor Contracting Societies and VOs etc. and conducted a Local Level Workshop. Observations: Physical verifications/sample checks of project components corresponding to Participants/Intervention Sample were conducted with samples of: BWDB infrastructures; Plantations covered under social forestry; Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). Infrastructure for communications, market access and cyclone shelters built on chars; Water and sanitation – implemented by the Public Health Engineering Department (DPHE); and Agricultural Support – implemented by the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE).

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Data Collection: Project duration is 5 months. Data for the study were collected from March to April 2012 by READ. A brief pre survey was conducted to construct the sampling frame for the quantitative household survey. Hundred percent of the household level quantitative data collection (beneficiaries’ interpersonal interviews) was completed: 2760 respondents from the Intervention samples and 1380 respondents from the Control samples:

Areas Households Male Respondents Females Respondents Total Respondents • Boyer Char: Intervention 2300 2300 460 2760 • Noler Char: Control 575 575 115 690 • Ziar Char: Control 575 575 115 690 • Total 3450 3450 690 4140

Qualitative: • Reviewed and assessed PCR, Evaluation Reports etc; • Observation checklists were completed for all the available sample infrastructures (1/4th

of total); • 30 (100%) PRAs with males (20) and females (10) only with Participants & Part

Participants’/Intervention Sample were completed • 3 (100%) FGDs, with opinion leaders, formal leaders only in Intervention Sample were

completed • Intensive Interviews with: Officials and field personnel of 6 agencies, NGO personnel and

field agents and Personnel of Community level organizations were completed; • A Local level Workshop was conducted in Boyar Char at Hatiya Upazila, Nohakhali on

12 April 2012. Data Analyses and Findings: The focus of data analyses were: assessment of Inputs (Project Efficiencies) of interventions by six development departments of GOB; Outputs reflecting Project Efficiencies level: evaluation of beneficiaries: Household Surveys, PRAs, FGDs & Intensive Interviews: compared participants & non participants exposure to project Interventions; assessed the change over time at comparatively between Participants’ (households exposed to project interventions) and Non Participants’ (households not exposed to project interventions) samples; and measured the changes or improvements if any among those exposed to project interventions over the Comparison areas or with the Non Participants’ samples.

Summary Findings of PCR: The total project period was 65 months. The GOB allocation was 1957.60 lakh taka, of which up to February 28-02-2011, the expenditure was 1808.53 lakh taka (92%). Out of a total commitment of the Government of the Netherlands (TA Financial Assistance) of 9220.00 lakh taka, upto 31st July 2011, an amount of Tk 8374.26 (95%) was recommended for reimbursement by the TA Team. The PCR records decline of the very poor households’ proportion from 90% during pre project period to between 39% and 56%. Despite the overall reduction, there remains a significant proportion (10% to 16%) of households facing a chronic food shortage. The shortage of staff for the project from BWDB side existed affecting supervision of project components. Maintenance was as yet not felt as a dominant issue. Six internalization training modules were developed (one for each implementing agency). Farmer-training played a vital role in the process of motivating farmers to adopt a certain technology. Training was a key component of the Social Forestry activities. Strengths as per PCR: Financial: Over 90% of both GOB and TA allocations have been spent during the project period. Physical: PCR also states that over 90% of the targeted facilities have been implemented and are in place and are being used by the beneficiaries.

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Large numbers of farmers (9095) were trained on modern techniques of farming. Two thirds (6185) of the landless families (65%), out of a target of 9500 families have been awarded Khatians (khas land). Weaknesses as in PCR: Supervisory and monitoring system not fully implemented and maintenance of the infrastructures in Plan Document was not considered as a major issue. Pending decisions on whether Boyar char would be officially within Hatiya or Subarna Char Upazila, UP elections are not held; GOB has appointed administrator. Project also did not make provisions for electricity, operations of educational and health systems. Physical Verifications/Sample Checks of Project Infrastructures Analyses of the findings by agencies underscore the following broad outcome through sample checks of the infrastructures:

BWDB: Total embankment is in place. Of the 3 sluice gates, 1 (33%) needs repair; approximately out of 16km length or 10 khals, 4 khals (40%) need re-excavation.

Ministry of Land: All sample khatians (2375) are executed and received by the beneficiaries; of 36 sample twin houses, 20% need repair and twin houses hardly accommodate a family of 5 as the inside space too inadequate; all sample 750 families rehabilitated inside the embankment.

LGED: Of the four major components, ponds are 100% in use; 1 cyclone shelter (20%) needs repair; 50% of the roads need further construction; these are katcha; 1 bridge is in good condition, but 50% of the culverts have katcha approach roads and difficult to use.

DPHE: 86% of DTWs (129) are in good condition; 98% of the latrines in the house are in use (2083); 1 out of 4 public toilets need repair; 50% of the community ponds are dried, rest 50% are in good use.

DAE: All sample demonstration plots are used properly; farmers are trained and supplied with hybrid seeds.

Forest Department: 60% of the plantations are good and protected. Major Findings of the Study: Poverty Alleviation and Other Major Achievements Project initially identified Poverty alleviation as the core intervention through the provision of a land title to landless families; followed by improvements in water management, sanitation (latrines) and agricultural practices, leading to higher farm incomes. The monthly family income of the land less Char Families in the Boyer char increased currently over the pre project period through project interventions by: 39 to 56% according to PCR; hardcore poor, poor and non combined by 79%; for the hardcore poor by 33%; for the poor by 33% and for the non poor by 50% according to PRA findings; and by 50% in case of Participants’ samples, 37% in case of Part Participants samples, and in case of non participants (control) by 30% according to Household (beneficiaries) findings. As a result of such increase in income, households in the interventions areas have moved from the status of hardcore poor to poor. Although the non participant respondents have experienced income increase (by 30%), but such increase did not impact on their shifting from the hardcore to poor status. Household level findings also confirmed that agricultural productions (paddy) increased to 4.3-4.5 m. tons currently compared to 1.45-1.53 m. tons previously in the Project areas (an increase by 2.97 m. tons). On the contrary, in the Control areas, the yield of paddy production also increased from over one m. ton (1.50) in the period prior to 2005 to 2.40 m. ton currently (an increase by 0.9 m. tons). The price increase per maund of paddy gained by the farmers both in the project and in the control areas in the post project period over the pre project period is comparable. Paired samples t test indicate the rise in income and allied indicators factoring the rise of income with accelerated farm productions in the Project areas and rise of income only in the Control areas as statistically significant. The development facilities in the intervention areas have started to impact through diffusion effects on the

v

chars under Control areas, where no project intervention was implemented. The income rise in the Control area has not been enough to move the population from their hardcore status to poor status. In Boyer char (project intervention area), the majority has moved from the hardcore poor status to poor status by monthly family income. Another area which has impacted on development momentum is changes (major shifts) in the occupational patterns, such as Share croppers’ proportions have systematically declined during currently over the past among all three categories of male; on the contrary, farming on own land has increased currently over the past for all categories of respondents; and such changes have occurred in case of the Participants’ samples at a much higher proportions compared to two other respondents – part participants and non participants. Among the participants’ and part participants’ samples, there are also substantial changes (increased currently) in petty business. Proportions of day laborers have declined among the participants’ samples currently, while it has slightly increased in case of non participants’ samples. Proportions of females being engaged in income earning activities within households and in the surroundings have increased in cases of all categories respondents. BWDB: About two thirds of the males and about half of the females (from among the Participants and Part Participants) claimed exposures to and use of the following Public Water Management and Distribution systems: Excavated Khal (56%); Sluice gate (52-54%); Box Culvert (11-13%); and Embankment (14-17%). Nearly two thirds of the males and one third of the females from among the Participants’ samples claimed that the BWDB public infrastructures reduced water salinity; while about half of the males and females of the Participants’ samples affirmed that the infrastructures impacted on accelerating farm productions. More than three fourths of the Participants’ samples said that they gained financially; while In case of the Part Participants, the gain claimed was by little more than half. Ministry of Land: PCR reported that out of a target of allocations of land to 9500 families, project achieved allocations of khas land (khatians) to 6185 families (65%); according to findings of the Households survey in the project areas, 68% of the families were awarded khas land (Females estimates from Participants samples). PCR reported allotments of 188 twin houses; 16 twin house or 32 families comprise a colony; hence in total 12 colonies with one pond per colony has been completed. In the twin houses, 376 families have been settled according to PCR. Household survey findings ascertain that 23% (male estimate: 1361 x.23 = 313) or 313 families have been settled in the twin houses. Here it may be mentioned that some twin houses are yet to be allotted. Overwhelming majority of those receiving khas land (83-87%) claimed that they use land for farming. LGED: Overwhelming majority of the respondents from among the Participants and Part Participants samples (90-100%) assessed roads, bridges, culverts and markets as in good condition during post project period. About two thirds of the respondents (participants and part participants) ascertained that they gained financially due to improvements of communication network. Hundred percent of the respondents (participants and part participants) are aware of the existence of the cyclone shelters; but less than half assessed it to be adequate in numbers. More than 80% of these respondents used the cyclone shelter individually. About half of the respondents mentioned that the cyclone shelters are used either as primary schools or as madrashas. DPHE: Proportions claiming ownership of both tube wells and latrines in the households both in cases of Participants’ and Part Participants’ samples comparatively increased by manifolds from pre to post project periods; while in case of the Non Participants’ samples, the situation is very miserable (both the facilities are non existent). About 5-8% of the pit latrines in the Project Intervention areas are not usable currently. About a third of the respondents from among the Participants’ and Part Participants’ Samples (27—35%)

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claimed that they have a Deep Tube Well in the vicinity of their homesteads; while those from the Control areas do not have such facility in their area. On average there is 1 community toilet per project area (public places: markets). DAE: Of the targeted beneficiaries, 35% respondents (male 20% & female 15%) opined that they received assistance on demonstration plots from Char Development & Settlement Project-III. Whereas, 100% non participants said that they did not receive any demonstration from DAE. Those respondents receiving demonstration support were directly benefited through establishment of demonstration activities in their field with inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) and technological support from the projects. Findings show that 59% respondents (both participants and part participants) have received training from DAE under the project. Whereas, 99% respondents of non participants opined that they did not receive any agricultural training. The study finding shows that per hectare rice yield were more in the project areas (3 m. ton) over the non project areas (above 2 m.ton). Almost all of the respondents (97-99%) of both project and outside project areas unanimously said that per maund rice price increased in comparison to before project. The major interventions adopted in the project are; training (40-56%), provided fertilizers (34-50%), HYV crop seed (30-40%), constructed of sluice gate and embankment (20-25%), increased irrigation system (17-23%) and supplied farming equipments (5-8%). Whereas, the non participants (Control) hardly expressed any opinion in favor of (5%) training and ( 3%) fertilizer program. More than 50% of the respondents of participants and part Participants said that farmer’s group formation has been done. Majority of the respondents (60-67%) of both male and female target groups said that there are sweet water ponds in their areas. Whereas, 2-1% both male and female respondents of non participant group expressed that they have sweet water ponds. Only 22-32% female respondents from Intervention area have received poultry support from the Government. Majority of the female respondents (84-88%) expressed that their family income from poultry increased due to poultry farming. On the contrary, none of the respondents from the Control (non participants) either received any poultry support or gained any income raise for that. Social Forestry: Social forestry practices at homestead level is universal (100%) in case of the participants and part participants, irrespective of gender. On the contrary, in case of the non participants, such practices exist at 39% and 56% respectively for males and females. Less than 10% of the community people were involved as laborers in social forestry endeavors at public sites in the project areas. Less than half of the males (40%) and about a third of the females from among the participants and part participants affirmed that they gained financially due to their involvement in the overall social forestry programs. Health Status and Practices: On average, about a third (31% Participants and 35% Part Participants) of the population in the Project Intervention area (Boyer Char) is exposed to the incidences of the overall water borne diseases (combined 8 types of diseases). Comparatively, about a half (46% non participants) of the population in the Project Control areas (Nolar and Ziar Chars) are exposed to the incidences of the overall water borne diseases (combined 8 types of diseases). But in cases of cholera, dysentery and skin diseases, the difference on the incidences of the population exposed varies by a very large margin between Intervention (20-23% Participants and 32-35% Part Participants) and the Control areas (57-80% non participants). On diarrhoea, the situation, in cases of the Participants’ samples (51%), it is comparatively much less than those among the Part Participants (81%) and the Non Participants (87%). More than two thirds to three fourths (in some case 100%) of the respondents from the Intervention areas ascertained that the incidences of water borne diseases have reduced currently over the past (pre project period). Contrarily, only 5% or none claimed such reduction of the incidences from the Control areas. On average, following sickness outcome

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per family have been experienced comparatively by the Intervention and the Control Samples:

Sickness: outcome per family

Participants’ Sample: 1656

Part Participants

Sample: 1104

Intervention: 2760

Control area: 1380

• Persons sick (mean number)

3 4 3 5

• Work Days lost 40 49 44 59 • % Sought Modern

Treatment 98 93 96 11

Education: Previously (prior to 2005), irrespective of the Project Intervention or Control areas, none of the eligible male or female children (per family) were attending school. Currently, in the Project area, all the eligible children, boy or girl, are attending primary schools; while on the contrary, from the Control area, 50% of the eligible boy child currently attends school, but none of the eligible girl child attends school. Strengths, Weaknesses and Recommendations BWDB: • Strengths: People are protected (both life and property) from possible devastations of

natural disasters; water salinity declined and accelerated grain productions and increased job opportunities and trade and commerce;

• Weaknesses: Lack of plan and allocations for repair and maintenance works; NGOs ceased their activities with completion of CDSP III;

• Recommendations: Future project should focus on ensuring plan and budget allocations for repair and maintenance works; ensure supervision and monitoring activities of the project; and ensure follow-up support to Water Management Committees so that these continue to function even on completion of the project.

Ministry of Land: • Strengths: People got their own houses and farming lands • Weaknesses: No electricity, shortages of schools and health centers • Recommendations: Future project should focus on ensuring electricity, schools and

health centers; the project clusters of villages can be settled in a homogenous area ensuring physical proximity between the clusters.

LGED: • Strengths: Communication network improved, facilitating trade and commerce creation of

jobs; cyclone shelters are the centers for protection to people during natural disasters; • Weaknesses: Future allocations for repair and maintenance not taken care of; • Recommendations: Ensure allocations of funds for repairs and maintenance of the

project infrastructures in future. DPHE: • Strengths: Coverage of safe drinking water has been ensured almost hundred percent;

People are increasingly using pit latrines and have abandoned open defecting practices, consequently diseases have declined substantially;

• Weaknesses: There is no fund for repair and maintenance of the tube wells for which dysfunctional tube wells are hardly maintained;

• Recommendations: Field level Water Management, NGO groups need to be more motivated to work for repair and maintenance of the infrastructures and components of CDSP III.

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DAE: • Strengths: Overall agricultural yields in the char area have increased; quality of

production of grains have also increased; agriculture has been modernized and diversified;

• Weaknesses: Lack of monitoring activities of the Farmers Groups; field depots are absent for which supply of agricultural commodities to the farmers sometimes get obstructed;

• Recommendation: Training of the farmers responsible for demonstration plots has to be a continuing practice; need to establish remote area agricultural centers (Depots).

Forest Department: • Strengths: The vacant land of char is now full of trees; this protects the area from the

onslaught of natural disasters; social forestry increased employment opportunities for the women, who are entitled in future a profit up to 55% after the trees are full grown and felled;

• Weaknesses: Land, allocated for social forestry is under control of DCs and the Ministry of Land; as a result Forest Department can not prevent land occupations by the grabbers; no funds are allocated for maintenance of plantations;

• Recommendations: Ensure additional funds for protection and maintenance of forests and strengthen local group involvement; launch motivational programs among the people and the groups to ensure protection of forests; coordination between BWDB, Ministry of land, LGED and Forest Department need to be strengthened for future protection and maintenance of plantations on embankments and roads.

Sustainability of the Project Interventions and Their Use: The log logistic regression analyses show that the two outcome variables, such as increased family income and increased agricultural productions, instrumental to alleviation of poverty in the project area, have been contributed by the major project interventions and the findings are statistically highly significant. First and foremost demand of the people is the pursuit of development, as they have experienced the initial fruits of development. At pre project period of CDSP III (prior to 2005), the people living in the area faced difficulties and the livelihood was arduous, as most of the population was landless. Previously, health services were almost non existent in the area; when people faced great difficulties to travel and reach Health centers, resulting to fatalities. Currently, pharmacies are operating in the markets; NGOs render FP and some health services. Besides, people can travel to clinics and hospitals due to improvements in the communication net work. Previously school attendance was hardly 10% by the eligible children; now it has increased to about 85% at the primary school level only. Besides, previously there was no trained teacher, but now there are trained teachers. Demonstration plots are considered as an effective tool for extension of knowledge through practical training and dissemination of modern crop production technologies to the farmers. Consequently, it would be unwise to discontinue this tool. Study findings suggested for increasing number of demonstration plots, which will accelerate dissemination of farmers need based orientation on appropriate technology; and in turn crop, production will increase. DAE may need to modify training into more practical oriented and more female participated and also extending duration of the training period. Each Group/Association has their own office structures at the field level. Every association has generated funds through self contributions, and the money is used for maintenance and also for support (as loan) to individuals in times of need and crisis. Social Forestry group (each member) used to receive honoraria to the tune of Tk. 2000 per month; but this is suspended for last three months; even then the group continue to earn; deposits are still operating fulfilling their functional responsibilities.

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Many facilities are planned but are not yet completed, like deep tube wells and latrines, digging of canals and twin houses constructed but not allotted; these need to be completed. Establishment of Krishi bank in the area would create opportunities for agricultural loans. Area certainly need a post office; bus stands are needed, but one bus stand that has been established, is not in use because buses do not yet ply in the area. Primary schools are being operated in the cyclone shelters, which are certainly a cause for development of the future generations, but there are demands for high schools and colleges. Use of Khas Land, as affirmed by all the respondents, has ensured: construction of individual houses for residential purposes; construction of Twin Houses with priorities to land less families, particularly those living outside the embankments; for undertaking farming of paddy, vegetables, fruits, oil seeds and pea nuts; for digging ponds, and undertaking fishing and plantation of trees. Opening of job opportunities, for both men and women, particularly due to initiatives on social forestry and acceleration of farm productions have been enhanced due to reduction of water salinity. Different training and motivational activities helped in mobilizing the char population as a group of homogenous people, who have resisted the tortures of pirates and the land grabbers; people have become more skilled on farming. Life and livelihood in Boyer Char (Project intervention) has become relatively much less arduous and people, both men and women equally, have increased income and are aspirant for further development and prosperity of their family and the community. Another area which has impacted on development momentum is changes (major shifts) in the occupational patterns, such as Share croppers proportions have systematically declined during currently over the past among all three categories of male; on the contrary, farming on own land has increased currently over the past for all categories of respondents; and such changes have occurred in case of the Participants’ samples at a much higher proportions compared to two other respondents – part participants and non participants. Among the participants’ and part participants’ samples there are also substantial changes (increased currently) in petty business. Proportions of day laborers have declined among the participants samples currently, while it has slightly increased in case of non participants samples. Proportions of females being engaged in income earning activities within households and in the surroundings have increased in cases of all categories respondents. Conclusion: A project of the size of CDSP III, which have been implemented over a period of 65 months involving 5 ministries and six agencies should have been evaluated at mid term for a mid course modifications of the implementation interventions. Ultimately, future project (CDSP IV) must emphasize on creating functional linkages between local project induced associations and groups with the country’s regular local government institutions, i.e., the Union Parishad and Upazila Parishad. Besides, some of the farmers have started savings from their income (the excess income over expenditures observed in this study), and many of whom demanded operationalization of Krishi Bank which would be able to provide loan support to some of the affluent (relatively) farmers. Future budget and plans on CDSP lV need to ascertain inclusion of additional funds for repairs and maintenance and also provisions for establishment of regular Primary and High schools in the area. . Ministries of Health and Education may be moved to establish respectively the community clinics and the Primary schools in the Boyer char. It is an imperative that to sustain the development process, which has already taken off in the area, at a very base level though, both social and economic inputs and outcome must go hand in hand.

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Chapter I

Background Background Information of the Project The Bangladesh Government, with assistance from the Government of the Netherlands, initiated development activities aimed at increasing the security of households in the coastal chars of south-eastern Bangladesh by providing them with individual assets (land being the most important one) and collective goods, as embankments, roads and cyclone shelters. Char Development and Settlement Project was designed to link the poor char people to mainstream development. The project evolved as a regional multi-sectoral and multi-agency programme under the successive phases of the Char Development Project (CDSP): CDSP I from 1994 to 2000; CDSP II from 2000 to 2005 and CDSP III from October 2005 to December 2010; to avoid a gap with CDSP IV, the project was extended with a two months bridging period till 28th February 2011. The administrative basis was an umbrella Development Project Proforma (DPP), with separate DPPs for the participating 6 agencies. Project initially identified: Poverty alleviation as the core intervention through the provision of a land title to landless families; followed by improvements in water management, sanitation (latrines) and agricultural practices, leading to higher farm incomes. Strategic interventions designed for the project was the integration approach based on the premise that the social and economic situation in the chars, marked by a set of vulnerabilities, can not be meaningful improved by one single intervention, nor by one government agency. Participation: Involvement of the settlers in the chars with planning and implementation of project activities has been given shape through the formation of community based, field level institutions as the Water Management Organizations, Social Forestry Groups, Farmer Forums, Labor Contracting Societies and NGO-groups. Project pursued equal benefit of men and women, and that both men and women have equal opportunities to participate in the project activities. The main activities of the project were to alleviate poverty through socio-economic development and self- employment program and providing shelters to the 3000 landless, homeless and asset less families in the Boyer Char under Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali district by focusing on human development (see map at appendix-1).The project aimed at the modernization of land records as well as distribution of titles of ownership of the land so that the poor become visible, registered and have a voice in their local development through participation mobilized by government and NGOs.

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Project Brief Name of the Project Char development and settlement project-Ill • Sponsoring Ministry/Division i) Ministry of Water Resources

ii) Ministry of Land

iii) Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperatives

iv) Ministry of Agriculture

v) Ministry of Environment & Forest

• Executing Agency

i) Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB)

ii) Ministry of Land with the help of - Deputy Commissioner, Noakhali

iii) Forest Department

iv) Local Government Engineering Department (LGED)

v) Department of Public Health Engineering vi) Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE)

District Upazila i) Noakali Hatiya (Boyer Char)

• Location of the Project July 2005 – February 2011 Cost of the Project: in '000 Taka

Agency

TA GO Netherlands

Amount as per RDPP-2 (GoB)

'BWDB 4,412.07 821.99 LGED 2,910.00 507.54 DPHE 800.00 74.35 MoL 496.00 516.00 Forest Department 535.430 24.05 DAE 66.500 13.67 Total 9,220.00 1957.60

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A. Objectives of the Project Char Development and Settlement Project III is a multisectoral project and five ministries (six agencies) were involved in implementation of the related programme activities of the project. Objectives by corresponding coverage of works (as per ToR) and findings of PCR by agencies:

Objectives by Agencies Coverage of works: ToR Findings of the PCR BWDB:

Improvement of the drainage facility of the project area; protection from tidal surge and flood reduction of salinity problem Improvement of the economic and social situation of the

people in the coastal chars in a sustainable way.

i) Constructed Embankment -18.87ii) Guide dyke cum rural road - 2.96 km . iii) Sluices - 3 nos iv) closure - 2 nos v) Excavation/re-excavation/improvement of river/canals -63.13km

i & ii. 31 km iii. 3 iv. 1 V. 27.15 km

Ministry of Land: Plot to plot survey in the project area Identify status of char land and people in possession Settle landless families in Khas Land with title deed &

khatian Cancel previous settlement if contradictory to policy MOL Rehabilitate destitute families in the cluster villages Computerize field & district level land offices Protect land from grabbers, ensure land productive use Cultivate fishes in excavated ponds; generate incomes

i) 144 twin houses for landless constructed ii) Out of 9500 households, title deeds iii) rehabilitated 3000 families

i) Twin House: 256 ii) CDSP III: Khatians: Total 6185 iii) 100% completed

LGED: improve the local trading and transport environment by the

rehabilitation and maintenance of the physical infrastructure of transport networks and trading centres;

Provide shelter of the people of coastal char area during natural calamities.

i) Rural road-66 km ii) Bridge/ culverts- 37 nos iii) Cyclone shelter- 20 nos iv) Pond digging- 50 nos

i) 60 km rural roads; ii) 70 bridge culverts; iii) 20 cyclone shelters & iv) 49 Ponds dug

DPHE : improve & sustain economic & social standards make safe and wholesome water available to the people Use safe water to reduce diarrhoea & water borne

diseases develop overall living standard of people by

ensuring safe water supply and proper excreta disposal system;

Adopt necessary step to achieve sustainable water supply and environmental sanitation management.

i) 600 Deep Tube-wells installed; ii) 8500 single pit latrines constructed; iii) 20 public toilets constructed iv) 47 community ponds with PSFs;

i) 600 DTW; ii) 8500 pit latrines; iii) 20 PTC; iv) 47 CPSFs; v) 60 Rain water harvesting scheme

DAE: increase crop production (HYVs);improve cropping

practices Improve/Diversify cropping pattern; increase intensity Apply appropriate technologies Improve livelihood conditions by economic development

i) Establishment of 576 no. of demonstration ii) Impart 288 nos of farmers training

i) 576no. of demonstration ii) 288 nos of farmers training

Forest Development: ensure security of lives and properties from natural

disaster; create tree resources involving local people in social

forestry create income opportunities; increase supply of tree plants meeting people’s demands protect roads & embankments establishing strip

plantation; Rehabilitated families to be self reliant. Increase fish resources.

i) Mangrove plantation - 500 ha ; ii) Foreshore Plantation - 200 ha ; iii) Embankment Plantation - 28.5 km; iv) Feeder road strip plantation - 120 km; v) Village afforestation - 52 villages

i) 20 ha Mangrove Plantation; ii) 150 ha Foreshore Plantation; iii) 21 km Embankment Plantation; iv) 75 km road strip plantation; v) 20 villages afforestation

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Objectives of the Current Evaluation: The specific objectives of the current assignment are stated below: i) Review the outcome of the project in terms of

increased crop production due to tidal flood control and improvement of salinity problem; reduction of water logging problem increased coverage of water supply and sanitation; reduced incidence of diarrhea and parasitic infection for char settlers in project areas; tree plantation and local people participation in it and getting benefit after felling; growth in traffic and reduced transport cost in project areas; increased rate of primary education; present status of twin houses; rehabilitation of landless people through providing adequate living condition with title of

ownership; development of income generating activities through creation of job opportunities;

ii) Assess whether living condition of the char dwellers have been improved by the socio-economic development related project interventions; iii) Identify successes of the project implementation as well as weaknesses, if any, and suggest appropriate recommendations to overcome those.

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Chapter II Study Methodology and Data Collection

Study Methodology

Objectives of the current evaluation were to examine the specific interventions by six development agencies: quality and coverage of targeted interventions in the project sites and to assess the impact of the project on the landless population resettled in the Char Areas. The project evaluation was conducted at three levels:

• Review of DPP, PCR and allied documents of all the six agencies to undertake comparative assessments by budgetary provisions to specify and determine the level of physical and financial progress measuring targets and achievements;

• Assessment of the specific interventions/components (quality and coverage) were achieved through sample checks through on-the-spot physical verifications; and

• Assessment of the impact of the project interventions on improvement of the economic situation and the living conditions of the coastal people with special reference to the poor people, particularly the 3000 landless population resettled in the char areas

Study design includes a comparative assessment of the outcome impact on the population exposed to:

Project interventions sample considered as Participants’ and Part Participants Sample (Direct Beneficiaries)

Those not exposed to project interventions considered as Non Participants’ or Control sample

Essentially, both Participants and Non Participants’ Samples were drawn from among the population living in the specific Char Areas: Participants and Part Participants from Boyer Char of Hatiya Upazila; and Non Participants from Noler Char of Hatiya Upazila and Ziar Char of Subarna Char Upazila of Noakhali District. The difference between Participants’ and Non Participants’ samples is that the former “Targeted beneficiaries” while the latter is the “Non Beneficiaries” of Project Interventions. The sample frame on the Participants’, and ‘Part Participants’ were drawn by conducting a brief pre survey within the project areas. ‘Participants’/Part Participants’ Samples comprised those beneficiaries: i. the landless population (3000) resettled in the Char areas; and those beneficiaries who are exposed (recipients) to Project interventions: Participants to at least primary interventions (and or others), such as obtained title deeds/Twin house; while the part participants to other interventions Latrines, Tube wells, training, poultry plants etc. The attempt was made to construct the Intervention samples (Direct beneficiaries; Participants and Part Participants) at least with 50% of the Landless Resettled Population (1500 of the 3000) (through pre survey). The Non Participants’ Samples were drawn from among the population living in the adjacent chars with comparability in terms of Family income (Poor/Landless), education age etc. In addition, in the absence of availability of baseline data; the questionnaires and all other data collection instruments (where applicable), either at the household or at the community/institution levels, inquired the status at both pre (2005 or prior) and post project (2010 and current) periods by integrating questions for the purpose. Questions were framed retroactively to obtain data from the pre project period. This arrangement ensured measurement of the net effects of the project or changes occurring due to project structures implemented.

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Sample Design: Household Level Quantitative Survey Study Objective: The main objective of the household survey was to assess the poverty reduction through improvement in economic situation and living conditions of people in the char dwellers, with special emphasis on the poorest (landless and asset less) segment of the population. Survey Design: The proposed survey was a cross-sectional survey. Survey Areas: District Noakhali • Intervention Area: Boyer Char under Hatiya Upazila; and • Comparison/Control Area: Ziar Char in Subarna Char Upazila and Noler Char in Hatiya

Upazila. Target Population: Poor people of coastal char areas who are landless laborers, destitute women, small tenants/landowners,and very small landowners and fishermen. All households in any particular intervention area covered by the programme, since only vulnerable individuals and families usually decide to come and reside in the chars. Sampling Frame: The sampling frame was constructed (listing) through a pre survey of families/ households of Boyer char areas where project was implemented. Prior to conducting the pre survey, the concerned personnel of the field level groups/associations and NGO personnel and the Key Informants of various groups/associations (mobilized by study agencies) were consulted at the field level, particularly to demarcate the cluster villages and the poor households.

Sample Design and Technique including Sample Size: Quantitative Household Level Survey

A stratified sampling procedure with equal allocation used to select the survey unit (i.e. household). The households were selected randomly from the sample frame to construct through the proposed brief pre survey. Targeted households were those landless poor settled and resettled (recipients of major components: khas land/Twin House and Latrine) considered as Participants’ Samples; those recipients of the benefits (components other than major items as above) to be considered as Part Participants’ Samples; and those comparable population from other adjacent chars, where project interventions not implemented considered as Non Participants’ Samples. Project Intervention Sample Size: Sample size depended on time and resources. Because of time and fund constraint the sample size needed to measure a given proposition with a given degree of precision at a given level of statistical significance. The following formula was used to calculate the sample size: Sample size of households n= [z2 (1-p)/ ε2p]×Design effect

Where n= the desired sample size Z= the standard normal deviate usually set at 1.96 at 5% level which corresponds to 95% confidence level;

The target proportion is p to have a particular characteristic and considered p= 50% (p=0.50)

The precision level was ε which was considered at 5% z statistic is 1.96, which corresponds to the 95% confidence level. ε is the relative precision that is considered 5%. And design effect is 1.5.

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The sample size is n= 2304; approximately 2300 The total number of sample households in the Project Intervention area determined at 2300.

The absence of any baseline data has presented difficulties in being able to attribute the changes in outcome variables to programme effect. To overcome this problem, non-intervened/Non participant households from the nearby char areas were included in the survey as comparison sample. The rationale behind surveying non-intervention/non participant households is to control for the counter factual that might be experienced by the intervention char dwellers. Since baseline information is not available, recall method used to collect some baseline information (for 2005) for both groups, so that some kind of matching between the two groups can be done. It should be noted here that the information of 2005 is intended to represent the pre-intervention status of the households. Selection of Respondents Initially, within each Upazila, Cluster villages comprising Voluntary Organizations (each VOs consist of 30 households) were identified and demarcated and from each VO, sample households were selected in systematic procedure from the list or frame. Sample households respondents were head of the households, adult male earning members belonging to landless poor families. In addition, from every fifth households one adult female (preferably wife of head of household) was selected randomly. The table below specifies the distribution of sample households and respondents by Intervention (Both Participants and part participants merged) and Comparison/control and also by gender. Table 1: Distribution of samples by Intervention/Participants, Part Participants and Comparison/Non Participants’ Samples: Households and Respondents

Intervention area: Boyer Char (Participants and Part Participants merged)

Control/Comparaison area : Noler Char and Ziar char (Non

Participants

Total: Intervention/ & Comparaison/Control :

Respondents Respondents Respondents

Districts: Noakahli Upazilas: Hatiya and Subarna Char Upazila

Households

Males

Females Total Households Males Femal

es Total

Households Males Females

Total 2300 2300 460 2760 1150 1150 230 1380 3450 3450 690 In summary: Total sample households: 3450 (project area 2300; control area 1150): 115 VOs (30 households per VO X 115 = 3450 households. Respondents: 4140 (project area 2760; Comparison area 1380) Male: 3450 (project area 2300; control area 1150) Females: 690 (project area 460; control area 230) Qualitative Investigations: Following Methods were applied for Qualitative Investigations

Review and assessment of PCR, Evaluation Reports etc. Brief format for Pre survey for selection of participant and non participant sample. PRA per 4 VOs or per 120 households: Total 20 PRAs with males only with ‘Participants

& Part Participants’/Intervention Sample: persons per PRA 15 males. Additional, 10 PRAs with Females: one per 8 VOs or per 240 households (comprising 4 to 6 cluster villages: persons per PRA 12 females.

3 FGDs (in Boyer Char: Intervention Area) with opinion leaders, formal leaders only with Participants’/Intervention Sample: participants per FGD 6 (male and female)

Intensive Interviews with:

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• Officials and field personnel of 6 agencies: 6 agencies x 10 persons = 60 4 NGO personnel and field agents: 6 NGOs X 4 = 24 Personnel of Community level organizations, like Water Management Organizations,

Social Forestry Groups, Farmer Forums, Labor Contracting Societies and VOs etc. : 60 persons

Local Level Workshop in one of the project area: to obtain opinions of the stakeholders and beneficiaries regarding project effectiveness and efficiencies of implementation.

Observations: Physical Verifications/Sample Checks of Project Components

corresponding to Participants/Intervention Sample (matching the clusters of Participants samples)

Universe Sample Methods of

Verifications 1. Protection from climate change: with the following two sub-components 1a. BWDB: Water Management – implemented by the Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB).

Protect land from tidal and storm surges, and improve drainage: 18.87 km of coastal embankments; sluice gates, and 63.135 km of khals (drainage channels).

improved O&M via formation of about 31 Water Management Groups and apex organizations

Sample checks will be done for 1/4th of the total components

• 4.71 km of coastal embankments and sluice gates

• 15.78 km khals (drainage channels

• 8 Water Management Groups

1b. Social forestry – implemented by the Forest Department. To complement embankments, established on chars protective

plantations of trees on mud flats, foreshores (200 ha) and embankments (28.5 km) using a social forestry approach. It has been shown that such a protective “green belt” can significantly reduce damage from cyclones – both to the embankment itself and to the surrounding area.

In addition planting mangroves (500 ha) on mudflats accelerates accretion of new land.

120 km Feeder Road strip plantation, 490 Social Forestry Groups with 11,025 members in 52 villages.

Sample checks will be done for 1/4th of the total components

• Plantations on embankments 50 ha and 7 km

• 125 ha mangroves • 30 km strip feeder

road plantations with 2756 members in 13 villages

2. Climate-resilient infrastructure: with the following two sub-components: 2a. Internal infrastructure – implemented by the Local Government Engineering Department (LGED). Infrastructure for communications, market access and cyclone protection would be built on chars.

66 km of rural roads, 37 bridges/culverts, 20 cyclone shelters-cum schools, dug 50 ponds

Where possible work would be undertaken by Labor Contracting Societies (LCS) which would channel income directly

to some of the poorest women, and it is planned to form a total of 194 LCS with 3360 members.

Sample checks will be done for 1/4th of the total components

• 16 km of rural roads, 9 bridges/culverts, 5 cyclone shelters-cum schools, dug 12 ponds

• Contracting Societies (LCS) of the poorest women: 48 LCS with 840 member

Investigators trained to check qualitative sample components will visit the cluster villages with these components and use a guideline to physically check the components The roads and physical structures will be checked to determine the current functioning and use status in terms of volumes of use of vehicles and transportation costs

2b. Water and sanitation – implemented by the Public Health Engineering Department (DPHE) The shallow aquifer in the coastal chars is saline so there is a need to provide more expensive deep tube wells (DTW) to tap fresh water at a greater depth. Each DTW would be shared Between 15 to 20 households (total 600 DTW) with rainwater collection ponds or other schemes in locations where the deep aquifer is saline. The project also provided a hygienic latrine for all households: 8500 single pit latrines, 20 public toilets and 47 community ponds with PSFs constructed Sample checks will be done for 1/4th of the total components

• 150 DTWs • 2125 pit latrines • 5 public toilets • 12 community

ponds

Investigators trained to check qualitative sample components will visit the cluster villages with these components and use a guideline to physically check the components The water and sanitation facilities will be checked to determine the current functioning status

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Universe Sample Methods of Verifications

3. Land settlement and titling: implemented by the Ministry of Land. CDSP will aim to get secure land titles granted to 9500 households. This involved a plot-to-plot survey to identify parcels of land and their current occupiers, followed by a six step process for registration of title. 144 Twin houses for landless constructed. 3000 landless families rehabilitated Sample checks will be done for 1/4th of the total components

2375 Title deeds 36 Twin houses

for landless 750 landless

families rehabilitated

During the pre survey for constructing the sample frame and also during household survey from among the Participant samples the deeds will be checked

4. Livelihood support: with the following two sub-components: 4a. Agricultural Support – implemented by the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE). This will aim to enable farmers to make better use of land resources. DAE will form 288 farmer groups and implement a programme promoting agricultural technologies that are adapted to saline conditions and resilient to climate change. This will involve technology identification and farm level testing, demonstrations, training of staff and farmers, and follow-up through DAE field staff. Established 576 demonstration plots. Sample checks will be done for 1/4th of the total components

• 72 farmer groups 144

Demonstration plots

Investigators trained to check qualitative sample components will visit the cluster villages with these components and use a guideline to physically check the components The measurement of agricultural productions will be done during household survey with farmer families determining the level of crops produced per bigha compared to current and past periods of project implementation and also in terms of price of the crop[s produced: net price earned after inflation

Data Collection The Study was implemented by READ in 5 months or 20 weeks from the date of signing of Contract. The study was implemented in Noakhali District, 2 Upazilas, 60 Villages/Somaz (for both Intervention and Comparison samples) comprising a total sample households of 2760 (male; 2300, female; 460) from the intervention samples and an additional 1380 (male; 1150, female; 230) households from the Control samples with 4140 respondents. READ implemented the study in the following steps:

Development of Questionnaires/Guidelines and Checklists: Following nine types of data collection instruments were developed for the study and also reviewed during training through field pretest by the investigators and Technical Committee and Steering Committee of IMED and approved by concerned authority of IMED.

• Form 1: Respondent Selection Form at Household Level • Form 2: Household Survey Questionnaires: Intervention sample • Form 3: Household Survey Questionnaires: Control sample • Form 4: PRA Guideline • Form 5: Intensive Interviews with Officials and field personnel of six agencies • Form 6: Intensive Interviews with NGO personal and field agents • Form 7: Intensive Interviews with Selected personnel of community level organizations • Form 8: FGD Guidelines at upazila level • Form 9: Observation Checklist: (BWDB, Ministry of land, LGED, DPHE, DAE, Forest

Department)

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Training of Survey Teams: Total 35 survey manpower (Supervisors and Investigators) in divided two stages/groups. Training of the first group (Pre-survey, PRA and observation team) conducted for 3 days and second group (Household survey and Intensive interviews) conducted for 5 days, of which 1 day was for field practices combined with pre-testing of data collection instruments: survey questionnaire and qualitative guidelines. The training was conducted from 21st March 2012 to 25th 2012 and 27th march 2012 to 2nd April 2012 the field pre-test was conducted at Kamranggir Char, Dhaka. Focus (content) of Training: • Orientation on Agricultural production, water logging, tree plantation, water borne

diseases, income generation, employment opportunities, women development and poverty alleviation;

• Orientation on project objectives, scope, target; • Understanding (participatory discussions, question and answers and sharing of ideas

and views) and use of data collection instruments and role play; special emphasis will be given on in-depth interviews;

• Understanding of sampling and data collection methodologies: reading, recording and comprehending data collection instruments: Questionnaires, Guidelines, and intensive interviews; and

• Orientation on PRA Methods: Selection of PRA clients, used Social and Wealth Mapping, Charts and Venn Diagrams

Data Collection Status: Data for the study were collected from March to April 2012. The data collection status is as follows: Quantitative Household Level Survey: Hundred percent of the household level quantitative data collection (beneficiaries interpersonal interviews) was completed: 2760 respondents from the Intervention samples and 1380 respondents from the Control samples of Noakhali districts, Hatiya and Suborno Char Upazilas, 60 villages/somaz areas in the following distribution as shown in the table below: Table 2: Distribution of samples by Intervention/Participants, Part Participants and Comparison/Non Participants’ Samples: Households and Respondents

Intervention: Boyer Char of Hatiya Upazila of Noakhali District

Comparison/Non participants: Noler Char of Hatiya Upazila and Ziar char of Subarna Char Upazila of Noakhali District

Total: Intervention/ Control & Comparaison:

Respondents: 2760 Households: 1150

Respondents: 1380 Respondents Households: 2300

Males: 2300 Females: 460

Chars HHs

Males Females

Total

Participants

Part Participants

Participants

Part Participants

Participants

Part Participants

Chars

Households

Males

Females

Total

Boyer 2300

2300 460 2760

1361

939 1361 939 295 165 Noler Cahr

575 575 115 690 Noler 575 575 115 690

Ziar Char

575 575 115 690 Ziar 575 575 115 690

Total 1150 1150 230 1380 Total 3450

3450 690 4140

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Qualitative: • Reviewed and assessed PCR, Evaluation Reports etc; • Observation Checklists was completed for all the available infrastructures in the sample

BWDB: Water Management Ministry of Land Local Government Engineering Department (LGED) Public Health Engineering Department (DPHE) Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) Forest Department.

• Conducted Pre survey for selection of participant and non participant sample. • 30 (100%) PRAs with males (20) and females (10) only with Participants & Part

Participants’/Intervention Sample were completed • 3 (100%) FGDs, with opinion leaders, formal leaders only in Intervention Sample were

completed • Intensive Interviews with:

24 (40%) Officials and field personnel of 6 agencies Interviews were completed out of 60

24 (100%) NGO personnel and field agents Interviews were completed out of 24 60 (100%) Personnel of Community level organizations, like Water Management

Organizations, Social Forestry Groups, Farmer Forums, Labor Contracting Societies Interviews were completed

• A Local level Workshop was conducted in Boyar Char at Hatiya Upazila, Nohakhali on 12 April 2012

Data Control and Quality

Research/survey data quality was ensured through:

• Quality of data collection instruments: instrument validity and reliability was ensured by effective design and thorough pretests of the instruments;

• Comprehensive Training of the data collection personnel; • Effective and timely supervision and monitoring of data collection; and • Editing and efficient consolidation of data prior to analyses.

Monitoring, Supervision and Quality Control: Each Field Team headed by one Field Supervisor, who was carrying one mobile phone for constant and regular contact with Focal Point cum Evaluation Specialist and or Field Coordinator in READ office to report on day to day basis on the progress of data collection at respective Unions. The field supervisor in each team was responsible for ensuring supervision and management of each team at the field level by assigning and taking stock of team’s day’s work by individual interviewers; arrange and accommodation, coordinate with local influential and maintain regular liaison with READ office at Dhaka. The Field Supervisors, in addition to their functions of supervision and field management ensured quality control checks through random interviews. Quality control of filled in questionnaires was ensured by the Consultants and the Supervisors through random checks of selected questions of the filled in interviews.

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Data Processing and Consolidation Data analysis comprised following steps:

• Consolidation of the report on local level stakeholders and beneficiary workshop • Editing of the filled in questionnaires to resolve unanswered or irrelevant answers • Coding numerical data • Translation and sifting of qualitative data findings of literature reviews • Entry of data in the Computer using D-base, SPSS, Fox pro, EPI soft wares • Cleaning data and consistencies checks to resolve skipping or related errors • Classification of variables and organizing data tables (frequencies—one, two or

multiple way). Data Analyses: Approach and Methods Randomization and using large samples (4140 interviews in 3450 number of households segmented by Participants’ (2760 interviews in 2300 households exposed to project interventions) and Non Participants’ (1380 interviews in 1100 households not exposed to project interventions) samples facilitate data analyses capturing the variability of the sample populations in the following dimensions by: • Socio Demographic Characteristics: age, education, occupation, land holdings and

engagements in farming and gender; • Socio Economic Characteristics: Land less, marginal and landed farmers, by family

income; • Those exposed to project interventions, i.e., Participants and Part Participants samples

considered as Intervention Samples; and without exposures to project interventions, i.e., Non Participants’ considered as Comparison/Control samples and

• Comparing pre (prior to 2005) and post project (2005 till current) effectiveness in terms inputs, output and outcome status improving the lives of the Char landless populations reducing their vulnerabilities (or alternatively enhancing their safety security and quality of life) to natural/coastal hazards of flood, cyclones, erosions, salinity etc. and alleviation of poverty.

The comprehensive model for analyses of data: • Focus on Inputs reflecting Project Efficiencies level Assessments comprising

interventions by six development departments of GOB • Focus on Outputs reflecting Project Efficiencies level Assessments comprising: assess

and physically verify available project components through sample checks (observations) from the cluster villages where household survey will be conducted

• Focus on Outcome reflecting Project Effectiveness level Impact comprising: evaluation beneficiaries: Household Surveys, PRAs, FGDs & Intensive Interviews: compare participants & non participants exposure to project Interventions

The data analyses (using SPSS: Analyses of Variance and Log Logistics Regression Analysis) focus on the following major interpretations: • Assess the change over time at comparatively between Participants’ (households

exposed to project interventions) and Non Participants’ (households not or partly exposed to project interventions) Samples;

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• Measure the changes or improvements if any among those exposed to project interventions over the same achieved in the Comparison areas or with the Non Participants’ samples; and

• While assessing such changes statistical analyses will control (capture) the effects of confounding factors by population and aerial characteristics.

Data analyses integrate findings of all the methods of data collections (quantitative and qualitative) and also targeting the varied samples: members in the households/farm families/ women, Key informants—members of community (leaders) and the officials. Combined interpretations of the findings are done using appropriate statistical tools/soft wares both bi and multivariate analysis including regression statistics in order to estimate the net effects of the project inputs on the outcome separating the confounding factors. In addition, the data analysis will cover the following aspects/concerns and issues:

Financial analysis: Assessed the efficiencies and effectiveness of project budget

allocation and expenditures as per PCR; Assessment of the Projects physical components, their qualities of operations

(coverage and access) and use by the target population and lastly the status of maintenance including participation of the community to measure sustainability of the project interventions;

Assessment of both direct and indirect impacts, particularly those on landless poor, women development, development of agriculture and forestry, enhanced income and reduced vulnerabilities of the landless poor in the char areas; and

Last but not the least is to assess the outcome of project interventions in terms of increased income and employment generations and impact on the environment.

Analyze the projects strengths and weaknesses and evolve recommendations for future sustainability of comparable projects.

The expected outcome statuses measured include the following; Landless people settled in the chars; maximized agriculture outputs and increased family income and improved living conditions Improved livelihood conditions by economic development through improved agricultural productions for the char dwellers. Enhanced security of the lives and properties of the people living at the char from natural disaster; rehabilitate families to be self reliant. Improved communication enhancing local trading and transport environment

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Chapter lll Analyses of Findings

A. Summary Findings of PCR Project Time Frame: The initial project period of 45 months (1st October 2005 to lsl July 2009), was extended twice: first 18 months to 1st January 2011; and then another two months to bridge the gap to CDSP IV. The total project period therefore became 65 months. Budget and Expenditures: The GOB allocation was 1957.60 lakh taka, of which up to February 28-02-2011, the expenditure was 1808.53 lakh taka (92%). The table reflects the agency wise expenditures.

GOB Allocations and Expenditures in Lakh taka

Name of Agency

Amount as per RDPP-2 (GoB)

Expenditure upto 28th

February 2011 Expenditure in %

BWDB 821.99 756.81 92LGED 507.54 505.56 99 DPHE 74.35 69J5 93 MoL 516.00 443.90 86 DAE 13.67 9.20 67 FD 24.05 23.71 99 Total 1957.60 1808.53 92

Out of a total commitment of the Government of the Netherlands (TA Financial Assistance) 9220.00 lakh taka, upto 31st July 2011, an amount of Tk 8374.26 (95%) was recommended for reimbursement by the TA Team Reimbursement position (Financial Assistance) as on 31st July 2011

Taka in Lakh Sl.no.

Agency

Revised PP amount (RPA)

Claimed Amount

Recommended amount

Amount nol yet disposed

01 BWDB 4412.07 4217.78 4212.78 5.00 02 DAE 66.50 61.04 61.04 0.00 03 FD 535.43 380.00 379.84 0.16 04 LGED 2910.00 2785.72 2785.59 0.1.1 05 DPHE 800.00 699.10 686.38 12.72 06 MoL 496.00 259.73 248.63 11,10 TOTAL 9220.00 8403.37 8374.26 29.11

The total for O&M expenditure under GoB for all the agencies is 663.217 lakh taka (90%) against a provision of 740 lakh taka. The average quality of works is satisfactory. The latest Technical Assistance budget amounted to Euro 2,685,342. At the end of the project period this whole amount was spent.

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Poverty Reduction: The PCR records decline of the very poor households’ proportion from 90% during pre project period to between 39% and 56%. Despite the overall reduction, there remains a significant proportion (10% to 16%) of households facing a chronic food shortage.

Registration: At the close of the project 19 WMGs (out of 53) were registered and seven WMAs (out of 8) were registered. A standard bye-law was prepared with Guidelines for Participatory Water Management and Cooperative Rules of 2004. Status of Project Supervision: The shortage of staff for the project from BWDB side existed. Actual supervision of Extension Overseers was first done by members of the Technical Assistance team, which was gradually shifted to the AEO. But higher levels in the Directorate of Water Management did not supervise nor monitor the work of the BWDB extension team in CDSP. The Project Director submitted to BWDB a proposal to shift the supervision to the Executive Engineer, Noakhali O&M Division. However, a decision on that proposal was never taken. Strengthening links between Communities, Local Government Institutions: The problem in Boyer Char throughout the project period has been the uncertainty of the administrative borders, the question whether the area belongs to Hatiya Upazila or to Subarna char Upazila being at the heart of the problem. Consequently, there never was an elected Union Parishad. In 2009 the government appointed an Administrator and six persons as administrative members. An important linkage between the settlers, local government and government was formed by the Benefit Sharing Agreements with regard to social forestry. These agreements stipulate the allocation of benefits derived from the selling of produce of the forestry plantations. These agreements are signed by members of the Social Forestry Groups, Union Parishad, Forestry Department and the department to which the land is allotted (BWDB or LGED). Maintenance Status: In Boyer Char, practically all public infrastructures were constructed during the CDSP III period. Maintenance was as yet not felt as a dominant issue. However, the draft Maintenance Plans with regard to works of BWDB, LGED. DPHE and the Ministry of Land were prepared by the Water Management Organizations of Boyer Char. These Maintenance Plans form the kingpin of the relations in future between the communities and the implementing agencies. The Maintenance Plans and the Benefit Sharing Agreements on forestry structured the relations within the triangle of community, local government and implementing agencies. There are of course numerous instances where there are interactions between the three parties. Capacity Building--Training: Six internalization training modules, one for each agency, were developed. DPHE, Forest Department, LGED and BWDB have used the training modules. Farmer-training played a vital role in the process of motivating farmers to adopt a certain technology. It is an essential event in all extension activities. DAE organized two types of formal training; i) farmer training and ii) staff training. Training topics had been identified based on farmers' demand and appropriate training modules were prepared. The trained officials conducted participatory training sessions, including theoretical and practical aspects of crop production. In the training activities of DAE, 9,095 persons were involved: 9,040 farmers (6,780 male and 2,260 female) and 55 DAE-staff members.

Training was a key component of the Social Forestry activities. The training program aimed to link all the activities and to make them as an integrated whole. The program covered a

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wide range of intertwined social issues and practical skills. The participants were SFG members, members of Water Management Groups and Farmer Forums, local elite, Forest Department staff, staff, from other agencies and NGOs. The emphasis in the training of officials of Noakhali Division of the Forest Department was on social aspects of social forestry project implementation. With the aim of capacity building among Forest Department staff were involved in two workshops and four training courses. In total, 29 training courses for SFG members were organized by the Forest Department and the TA team, with a total of 1,139 participants (739 male and 400 female). Ministry of Land: The Government conducted settlement of khas land in accordance with the Agricultural Khas Land Management and Settlement Policy of 1997. The policy states that khas land will be distributed to (a) households, which have no homestead and cultivable land, but depends on agriculture; or (b) agriculture dependant households having a homestead up to 10 decimals of land. Stages of settlement activities Progress as on 28/2/2011

Target as per Plot to Plot Survey 9500

Khatian distribution 6185

Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB): As per the revised PP (2nd revision), BWDB had to accomplish the following main components: sea dyke and interior dyke (18.87 km); sluices (3 nos.); closures (2 nos.); individual guide dyke (3 km); excavation/re-excavation of drainage canals (38 km); excavation/re-excavation of shortcut channel (6.655 k.); re-excavation of river (10 km). BWDB achieved 99.8% progress as per 31st December 2010 and 100% by 1st March 2011, though some small rectifications are still necessary. In general, the quality of the work is satisfactory. In future, BWDB has to monitor the erosion problem of Gabtoli sluice and also the proper operation of drainage through the gate. Necessary protective measures on the R/S of Gabtoli sluice shall have to be taken immediately. Local Government Engineering Department (LGED): The construction programs for LGED were: multipurpose cyclone shelters (20 nos.), bridges/culvert (70 nos.), rural road-paved/earthen (73 km), bus stand (1 no.) and community ponds (49 nos.). LGED fully implemented all activities and thus accomplished 100 % progress. The quality of the structures is in general very satisfactory. Department of Public Health Engineering (DPHE): DPHE accomplished the following components: deep tube wells (600 nos.), test tube wells (18 nos.), sanitary latrines (8,500 nos.), public toilet (20 nos.), pond sand filter (47 nos.), rain water harvesting scheme (60nos.). DPHE achieved almost 97 percent progress. Department of Agriculture Extension: Family size varied from only husband and wife with an average of seven. About 68% of the respondents are farmers, while 17% agricultural labourers; and 80% of the occupied land is used for crop production. Seven dominant cropping patterns were identified. Percentage of the area that is covered by single, double and triple crops are 58.8%, 26.6% and 14.5% respectively. The cropping intensity at the time was 155.7%. The organization of field days is a very effective method for dissemination of information on technology. Field days have been an integral part of technology demonstration. A total of 140 field days were organized at the demonstration plot sites or nearby places during the project period.

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Social Forestry: Social Forestry organized 128 groups with 1942 males and 1230 females. For the village afforestation program, no SFGs were formed. In each of the selected village, average 182 households were participating, with a total of 3,655 participants. One fifth was destitute women or women of women headed households. The agreements described the rights, responsibilities, and short- and long term benefits of the SFG members. All short term benefits (intercropping, pruning; see below) go to the SFGs. The long term benefits are the revenues at the end of the period of the agreement, by selling the wood of the trees, when they are mature. Sharing Arrangements for Long term Benefits: Agencies/Programs /Groups

Road& embankment plantation %

Mangrove- and foreshore plantation %

Forest Department 10 25 LGED, BWDB 20 SFG members 55 45 For Tree farming 10 10 UP 5 0 Land Owners 0 20 The roadside plantation program was formally started on 23rd May 2006 at AH Bazaar cyclone shelter, Boyer Char. As per original DPP, a total of 60 km road (120 km seedling- or plantation km) and 14 km embankment (28 km seedling- or plantation km) was planted. For the embankment plantation 93,250 seedlings were used and for the road side plantation 60,000 seedlings. Each km. of road length contained 1,000 seedlings, 500 at each side. To ensure better survival of planted seedlings in embankment, caretakers were appointed accordingly to project provision. The caretakers/watchers were selected among Boyer Char dwellers. This program directly generated 61,110 person days of employment. Boyar Char has about 42 villages or samaj. With a view to increase the productivity of the homesteads in the villages, vacant and under utilized land was used for village afforestation program. This component was initiated by the Forest Department under CDSP III in 2006. A total of 20 villages were brought under the village afforestation program with different fruit, timber and fodder species. Initially, it was planned to cover a total of 1,000 households. In practice, with the same resource allocation, 3,655 households were supported. An average of 182 households were involved in each village.

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B. Physical Verifications/Sample Checks of Project Components: Infrastructures Table below specifies the outcome of the sample checks of the infrastructures established under CDSP III (through on the spot physical verifications) under six ministries/agencies. Analyses of the findings by agencies underscore the following broad outcome:

BWDB: Total embankment is in place. Of the 3 sluice gates, 1 (33%) needs repair approximately out of 16km length or 10 khals, 4 khals (40%) need re-excavation.

Ministry of Land: All sample khatians (2375) are executed and received by the

beneficiaries; of 36 sample twin houses, 20% need repair and twin houses hardly accommodate a family of 5 as the inside space too inadequate; all sample 750 families rehabilitated inside the embankment.

LGED: Of the four major components, ponds are 100% in use; 1 cyclone shelter (20%)

needs repair; 50% of the roads need further construction; these are katcha; 1 bridge is in good condition but 50% of the culverts have katcha approach roads and difficult to use.

DPHE: 86% of DTWs (129) are in good condition; 98% of the latrines in the house are in

use (2083); 1 out of 4 public toilets need repair; 50% of the community ponds are dried, rest 50% are in good use.

DAE: All sample demonstration plots are used properly; farmers are trained and supplied

with hybrid seeds.

Forest Department: 60% of the plantations are good and protected.

Universe Sample Samples observed and Findings BWDB: Protect land from tidal and storm surges, and improve drainage: 18.87 km of coastal embankments; sluice gates, and 63.135 km of khals: drainage channels.

• 4.71 km of coastal embankments

• 3 sluice gates • 15.78 km khals:

drainage channels

• Total 4.71 km observed and it is in place • Total 3 sluice gates: 2 are functioning and 1 is now being

repaired (broken apron-side walls of sluice gates) • Observed 16km Khals (6): overall all the khals are in good

condition except 4 khals, such as Chatlar, Majhirao, Hatya, and Joar kahli Khals need re-excavations

Ministry of Land: land titles granted to 9500 households; involved a plot-to-plot survey; 144 Twin houses for landless constructed. 3000 landless families rehabilitated

2375 Title deeds 36 Twin houses for

landless 750 landless

families rehabilitated

2375 houses confirmed that they have title deeds and the deeds are registered in the name of both husband and wife: land allocated per family is .03 to 1.5 acre; those who are awarded less than an acre, 100% use the land for houses for living; but those who are awarded close to 1.5 or 1.5 acre, 80 are using the land for houses and farming

All twin houses observed and 20% need repairs of windows and doors; most of the families have 5 or more members, hence the living area is very inadequate; everyone is using the ponds around the twin house

Of the 750, only 2% was awarded with land cash money; the rest were awarded with land and technical support farming and fishing

LGED Climate-resilient infrastructure implemented: 66 km of rural roads, 37 bridges/culverts, 20 cyclone shelters-cum schools, dug 50 ponds.

• 16 km of rural roads,

• 9 bridges/culverts • 5 cyclone shelters-

cum schools • 12 ponds

• Observed 18.2 km most of roads are in good condition, but 9.7km being katcha has holes and are broken;

• 8 culverts and 1 bridge observed: most of the culverts and bridge is in good condition, but in cases of 4 culverts the approach roads are katcha and difficult to be used

• Observed all 5 Cyclone shelters observed, only in one shelter roof, windows and doors are broken: all cyclone shelters are also being used as schools/madarashas

• 12 ponds observed al are in good condition: these are used for pisciculture. Domestic use and for poultry

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Universe Sample Samples observed and Findings DPHE: 600 DTWs, 1 per 15 to 20 households; provided 8500 single pit latrines, 20 public toilets and 47 community ponds with PSFs constructed

• 150 DTWs • 2125 pit latrines • 5 public toilets • 12 community

ponds

• 150 DTWS observed and 129 (86%) are functioning and the rest 21 non functioning and the problems are: in some DTWs suck sands, some suck saline water and some are in need of repair

• 2083 (98%) of the latrines are being used now; 48 (2%) are not in use: slabs and rings are broken

• 4 public toilets are functioning and 1 non functioning (broken in Tankir Bazaar) and there is no committee to supervise

• 2 community ponds are used for fish culture; 6 ponds are dried up; 4 are good but used for poultry and domestic use

DAE: Established 576 demonstration plots

144 Demonstration plots

All plots observed: Hybrid seeds are supplied of vegetables, paddy and oil seeds;

provided technical support including training (seed storage, sowing, nursery, fertilizer use), crushing machine,

for irrigation established deep tube wells (bamboo structured) and

also awarded cash money was given as stated by some Forest Department: Social forestry established on chars protective plantations of trees on mud flats, foreshores (200 ha) and embankments (28.5 km); in addition planting mangroves (500 ha) on mudflats accelerates accretion of new land; 120 km Feeder Road strip plantation,

• Plantations on embankments 50 ha and 7 km

• 29 ha mangroves (pcr)

• 30 km strip feeder road plantations with 2756 members in 13 villages

• Total 7km observed: 17,750 plantations are planted and 80% plants trees are in good condition: women’s groups take care of the trees

• PCR specifies only 20 Ha mangroves: observed 8 Has; flood in 2007 destroyed 50% and the rest 50% are now in place

• 30 km observed: 15000 trees planted; 50% in good condition

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C. Participatory Rapid Assessments (PRAs): PRAs are conducted with poor landless population who are exposed to project interventions (participants’ samples) in order to: estimate the extent of efficiencies and effectiveness of project components in changing or improving the living conditions of the Char people; and understand strengths and weaknesses of the project, programmatic or societal (management constraints) and determine the outcome effects of the project on the people in terms of financial wealth (income); social wealth (skills achieved) and community resilience developed or vulnerabilities reduced. Ranking exercise was used participatory approaches to understand the characteristics of different wealth groups identified by the community people through their own definition; their self-assessment on poverty situation and changes occurred due to involvement. One PRA per 4 VOs or per 120 households was conducted with 15 males per PRA (total 20 PRAs) and additional 10 PRAs with Females: one per 8 VOs or per 240 households (comprising 4 to 6 cluster villages: Participants per PRA 12 females. Designed and used detailed PRA guidelines (separately for males and females) with focus on wealth and social ranking (Venn diagram) with specific focus on the levels of exposure to project interventions and the net benefits accrued by the participants’ samples on aggregated basis. Findings: Socio economic background: Age: Mean age of the males is 50 years and that of the females, it is 39 years. Mean education is observed to be comparable by males (grade III) and females (grade III). Mean length of stay in the char is one year more in cases of males (9 years) than the females (8 years); meaning that the male member of the family arrived in the char little earlier than the females. Comparative Economic Status (Monthly Family Income) of the people in the Cluster/Area-- Previous Prior to CDSP III (2005) and current: 2012: According to male estimates, the monthly family income rose from Tk. 4025 (hard core poor status) at pre project period to Tk. 7220 (poor status) currently, showing an income rise per family by 79% (much above the double digit inflationary effects). Females estimated little higher income than the estimates given by the males; obvious reasons could be either the females over estimated family income or they did not share their part of the income fully with their male counterparts (husbands). Rise in the monthly income has been observed systematically by socio economic status, among the hardcore poor, poor and the non poor. The major finding is that majority of the char population were hardcore poor (by income indicator) at pre project period, but at the post project (CDSP III) period (currently), the majority has been lifted to ‘poor’ status. Table 3: Comparative Economic Status (Monthly Family Income) of the People in the Cluster/Area

Hardcore Poor Poor Non Poor Total Previous Current Previous Current Previous Current Previou

s Current

Location and

Gender % Mean

Tk % Mean

Tk % Mean

Tk % Mea

n Tk % Mean

Tk % Mean

Tk Mean Tk Mean

Tk For all Males

88 3750 15 5000 10 5250 70 7000 2 10000 15 15000 4025 7220 (+79%)

For all Females

80 3750 15 5000 16 5000 60 7000 4 10000 25 13500 4200 8325 (+ 98%)

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Family Assets: Comparative possessions of family level assets shown in the table below also indicate that the socio economic status of the char population improved substantially between the periods: pre and post project CDSP III. On five important items, such as House on own (Khas) land; Trees in living areas; Pit latrine; Farm land and Mobile phone, the proportions of families’ possessions rose from 0 to more than 90% to 100%. On Savings and Cycle/Rickshaw/Van, the family possessions rose from 0 to more than 50%; and the situations on the possessions of Cot and Domestic animals also improved additionally by about 50 to 60%. Table 4: Average possessions in Percent of PRA participants: male estimates (average per 4 cluster villages)

Selected Items Current Possessions: % Previous Possessions: % House on own (Khas) land 100 0

Trees in living areas 100 0 Pit latrine 100 0

Domestic animals 100 53 Cot 98 40

Farm land 93 0 Mobile phone 93 0

Savings 60 0 Cycle/Rickshaw/Van 53 0

Sewing Machine 10 1 Boat 7 0 TV 5 0

Tube well 5 0 Twin house 3-4 0

Radio (Mobile phone serves the purpose)

0 0

Comparative Occupations: In case of the males, the major shifts in the level of occupation have taken place comparatively between the pre and post project periods on the statuses of: • Farming on own Land which has increased from 0 to 85%; while • Day laborers have reduced from 65% to 5%. In case of the females, the major shifts in the level of occupation have taken place comparatively between the pre and post project periods on the statuses of: • Poultry raising/kitchen gardening has increased from 8% to 70%; while • Only Housewives have reduced from 99% to 30%.

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Table 5: Distribution of Occupations by Gender and Current and Previous: %

Male Female Occupations Previous Current Previous Current

Share croppers 0 10 Farming on own land 0 85 5 2

Farming in unauthorized Khas land 25 5 Day laborers 65 0

Development Field worker 0 3 0 2 Fishermen 0 3

Transport worker 0 3 Petty Business 3 5 0 2

Beggars 5 0 Health worker 0 3

Teachers 0 3 Tailors 0 3

Housewives 99 30 Poultry raising/kitchen gardening 8 70

Educational Institutions: On average per 120 households, currently there are 2 primary schools; previously it was only 1. However attendance to schools rose from mere 10% to 85% currently. Previously there were no trained teachers, now there are 3 trained teachers. Table 6: Distribution of Education Institutional Components by Current and Previous

Educational Components Previous Current Primary school 1 2

Attendance of students 10% 85% Teachers 1 (untrained) 3 (trained)

Community Facilities: Per 4 cluster villages (average households 120), PRA estimates of males (assumed to be more reliable) show that there are on average: • Water Board infrastructures: 2.5 Embankment for flood protection; 3 sluice gates and

closures; • Ministry of Land: Twin house--1 settlement (32 families); 20 Community Ponds for

Pisciculture • LGED infrastructures: 4km of Road (pucca) connected with Upazila; 4.5 km of Rural

road; 3 Culverts; 2 markets; and 1 Cyclone shelter; • DPHE: Tubewells functioning--25 or per 36 households (several Tube wells are non

functioning); 3 Community latrine: functional; 1 Dysfunctional community latrine; • Forest Department: 5km Social Forestry; • NGOs: 2 Primary school/Madrasa (held in Cyclone shelter); 2 Satellite clinics.

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Table 7: Distribution of Community Facilities by Areas (cluster villages: average households 120 per 4 cluster villages): Male Estimates

Community Facilities Average of per PRA: one PRA was conducted per 4 Cluster Villages (CV)

Twin house 1 settlement (32 families) Cyclone shelter 1 Social Forestry 5km

Dysfunctional community latrine Per 10 CV: 1 Community latrine: functional 2

Culverts 3 Road (pucca) connected with Upazila 4km

Rural road 4.5km Embankment for flood protection 2.5 km

Markets; 2 Primary school/Madrasa 2

Community Ponds for PiscIculture 20 Tubewells functioning 25 or per 36 households (several Tube wells are non

functioning) Satellite clinic 2

Membership in Various Development Groups Most of the male and female participants, males and females, mentioned that belong to WMG and in the Farmers forums; and a meager proportion mentioned about membership in NGO groups. Table 8: Status of Membership in Development Groups by Male and Female in %

Areas: Cluster villages

WMG Farmers Forum

Labor Contractin

g Society

Social Forestry Group

Others: NGOs

Males: Average % 52 40 0 0 2 Females: Average %: 31 36 0 0 4

Employment opportunities created due to project interventions: Male: Development of agricultural sector has taken place creating scope and opportunities for fishing and farming, which has been possible for construction of Embankment. Poultry rising as an engagement of women have been expanded; people have become benefited and economical self reliant by social forestry investments (tree plantations). Roads constructed by LGED, accelerated communications leading to expansion of business. Female: Social Forestry created job opportunities in Nursery; Activities on poultry raising increased; Improved Communications facilitated contacts with urban areas and opened job opportunities; Livelihood scope expanded through engagements in the transport sector: rickshaw, van and CNG; Vegetable productions increased resulting to increased income and consumptions by then family; Fish productions increased; Embankments protected farming lands from salinity and resulting to 3 crop productions Scope of Loans and Savings: Male: NGOs, namely BRAC, Hashi, Deep Unnayan, Grameen Bank and Sagarika are currently working in the area; improved communications net work has facilitated influx of NGOs’ participation in the area. Participants ascertained that they received micro credits from these NGOs and they could invest in petty enterprises and were able to invest money

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over time and have become economically solvent; and they also could save some money, which are now deposited with the NGOs. Female: NGOs, namely BRAC, Hashi, Deep Unnayan, Grameen Bank and Sagarika are currently working in the area; improved communications net work has facilitated influx of NGOs’ participation in the area. Participants ascertained that they received micro credits from these NGOs and they could invest in petty business and agricultural enterprises and they also could save some money. Sources and Status of Khas Land: Male: The participants unanimously identified CDSP as the source of awarding kahatians on khas land to them. In the midst of a serious discussions (sometimes turning to be heated arguments), the participants resolved that about 98% of the Khas land allotted to them is still being owned by them; only a bare 2% could have lost ownership to the rich and powerful. In some rare cases (reported in 2 to 3 instances) the owners of khas land had to obtain their possessions by spending money up to Tk. 20,000 to Tk. 30,000. All the participants ascertained the khas land allotted to them are usable for farming: chili, lintels, soyabeans, mustard seeds, vegetables, fruits, peanuts and paddy. Besides, they also dug ponds for fish cultivation, poultry raising, social forestry and lands were used to raise houses for living. Use of khas land helped improving their financial status (economic turnovers) through marketing of their products. Female: The participants unanimously identified land ministry and CDSP as the sources of awarding kahatians on khas land to them. All the participants ascertained that the khas land allotted to them are now owned by them and are usable for farming: chilis, lintels, soyabeans, mustard seeds, vegetables, fruits, peanuts and paddy. Health Care Services: Male: Prior to implementation of the CDSP, health services were in a very poor condition; people used to consume sea water collecting the same during high tide and that caused diarrhea leading to fatalities in many cases. To obtain health services, people had to travel a long distance and while traversing the route to health center, they had to break their journeys quite often for resting and consequently, in some cases, a serious patient would collapse on the way. Currently, in the cluster (Tankir Khal 2) there is health center; only village doctors (quakes) are delivering indigenous health services located in the market. With the improvements of the communication system now, people can easily travel long distance to carry serious patients to a modern health center. Some of the NGOs runs FP centers but that also is not easily available. Female: Hanshi an NGO is now working in the health sector in the area. Many pharmacies are also operating in the area. With the improvements of the communication system now, people can easily travel long distance to carry serious patients to a modern health center. Some of the NGOs run FP centers but that also is not easily available. Prior to implementation of the CDSP, health services were in a very poor condition; people used to consume sea water collecting the same during high tide and that caused diarrhea, itching, dysentery and in many instances females suffered roughness in their hair and loss of hair too. To obtain health services, people had to travel a long distance and while traversing the route to health center, they had to break their journeys quite often for resting and consequently, in some cases, a serious patient would collapse on the way. Currently, in The cluster (Tankir Khal 2) there is health center; only village doctors (quakes) are delivering indigenous health services located in the market.

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Tortures of Women: Male: Family conflicts, violations and divorces were rampant previously. Women were scared to travel outside being at threats from the robbers and pirates. In many instances coerced marriages also happened due to force applied by the robbers and pirates. Now the situation has changed a lot as the law and order system improved with support of the community people. Due to improvements of the economic conditions (poverty alleviations), family level conflicts declined and so also tortures on women. Because social threats by the robbers and pirates, parents used to indulge in early marriages of their daughters almost in hundred percent of the cases; now that the law and order situation has improved, threats to women security declined and incidences of early marriages are gradually coming down. Female: Prior to CDSP, tortures and divorces by husbands were rampant and polygamy was also a practice in the community. Mothers on divorce used to loose their rights to their children. Currently an NGO (Bita) is working in the area and raising consciousness of the community against women tortures and violations. Some women even now approach courts for stopping women tortures. Early marriages, polygamy, divorces, practices of giving dowries have declined. CDSP launched orientation programs with religious leaders, marriage registers and community leaders on prevention and harmful consequences of early marriages; some women were oriented on laws related to women tortures—orientation programs continued for a month. Tortures on women also declined due to joint ownership of khas land by men and women. Overall Communication Network: Male: Absence of good communication system previously, patients could hardly be reached to health centers without hazards. Marketing of agricultural products were also very arduous, for which people used to sell their products at the time when they were sowing the seeds on the ground at a cheaper price. LGED improved the road communications, which facilitated marketing of products effectively and distance, is no longer an obstacle carry the patients to health centers. Female: Previously roads were muddy soaked; consequently anybody going on a journey would often carry two sets of clothes in order to replace the soiled and dirty clothes. Currently, rickshaws and tempos are almost available at the doorsteps. Marketing of goods and obtaining of health services improved due to good road connections created by LGED efforts as part of CDSP. Development/Benefits out of Social Forestry: Male: Char as usual was exposed to cyclones and tornados causing severe damages to properties including houses. Social forestry now opened up following socio economic and environmental dividends for the community: • Trees protect the land from flooding and cyclones; • Erosion of land prevented • Trees planted on embankments also protect the same • Trees also contribute to a better breathing environment • Social forestry as per their estimates provided earning opportunities to the women, who

would ultimate have share of the forestry resources (gain of net values) to the tune of 45%.

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Female: Char life was endangered by drought and extreme dry weather conditions with accompanying cyclones and tornados causing severe damages to properties including houses. As a result people of char were exposed to different diseases. Social forestry now opened up following socio economic and environmental benefits: • Trees protect the land from flooding and cyclones; • Erosion of land prevented • Trees planted on embankments also protect the same • Trees also contribute to a better breathing environment • Social forestry as per their estimates provided earning opportunities to the women, who

would ultimate have share of the forestry resources (gain of net values) to the tune of 55%.

Water Supplies Status: Male: The problem of drinking water has been solved by installations of tube wells by DPHE—every 20 to 30 households own and share a deep tube well. Fresh water ponds provides for fishing and limited irrigational facilities for production and undertaking of kitchen gardening by the women. Female: Previously scarcity of drinking water caused diarrhoea, dysentery, jaundice, typhoid, skin diseases; women faced difficulties to take bath. Currently, use of tube wells solved the problems of drinking water. Sanitation: Male: Practices of open area excreta disposal were again rampant. Now pit latrines have been installed in almost all the houses. Female: Practices of open area excreta disposal were again rampant. Now pit latrines have been installed in almost all the houses. Result is decline of water borne diseases and physical environment also improved; health practices like use of shoes and washing hands with ashes have also increased. Leadership in the WMA in this area is given by two ladies, who are the president and secretaries of the combined male female WMA. Assessment of the impact of CDSP in alleviation of poverty: Male: Unemployment rates declined primarily because of improvements of the communication system. Transports, like rickshaw and CNGs (which fills Gas from Maizdi—a distance of about 20 Km); and transportation of goods have increased substantially. CNGs even ply up to Tankir Khal (hire charge of CNG amounts to Tk. 150 for 5 passengers from Bhuar hat (a distance of 7 Km). People are now involved in petty business of particularly marketing agricultural products in the markets/hats. Often area laborers can travel a distance up to district town and nearby markets (Hatiya bazaar, Bhuar hat bazaar) to look for employments. Now people can produce multiple crops in their land and also multiple times (at least two crops per year). Fishing practices and fruits gardening increased resulting to people’s nutrition by self consumption and also increased earning through marketing. Female: women engagements in income earning opportunities and job creations occurred in the following areas: in the farming of crops, vegetables and fruits; can produce indigenous useful cottage crafts like mats, caps, hand fans, bamboo made tools, raises poultry, undertakes kitchen gardening and sewing of quilts.

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Assessments of specific components of the Project of six agencies of the Government: Water Board: Construction of embankments, sluice gates and closures by the Water Board primarily protected the char land being inundated by from frequent floods and salinity, which in turn greatly contributed to the growth of agriculture, enhancement of livelihood opportunities, expansion of plantations and improvement of communication. Construction of sluice gates particularly regulates inflow of saline water and protection of rain water and also drawing of sweet water from the rivers and this accelerates both fish culture and agriculture. Previously char was land of one crop area with growth of paddy only; now people grow multiple crops and multiple times. Dug community ponds facilitating irrigation for vegetable productions and also for use of domestic needs and practice fishing Ministry of Land: It constructed of twin houses, established of cluster villages and distributed of khas lands to rehabilitate the poor landless families (men and women) in the Char area. Many families were living outside (boundary line) of embankments exposed floods and inundations of salinity; now khas land has been allotted to families inside (protected) the embankments. Families now live in their own houses and farm their own land. Allotment of land has been awarded to both the spouses (husband and wife) resulting to socio economic empowerment of women and relieving the families from their destitute status to a more secure life and living conditions. People were also awarded with cash money (Tk. 8000 to 10000) to even move their properties movable and immovable and help them to be rehabilitated within (inside) the areas protected by embankments. LGED: Constructed bridge culverts and roads which improved transport movements and communication network. During construction of LGED supported infrastructures local men and women were engaged as laborers. Improved communication opened the business opportunities for the local people, who can easily transport their goods to the markets and gaining profits as they are enjoying the benefits of accruing fair and appropriate price for their goods and products. Communication improvements facilitated to great extent use of health and educational centers. Constructed roads, bridges, sluice gates (protection from salinity) and embankments which were improved transport movements and communication network. Also constructed cyclone shelter for protection from floods and cyclones and in normal times the shelter is used as local primary school and hold community meetings. Bus stand was constructed with no bus plying now. DPHE: Constructed public toilets. Tube wells were almost non existent in the char areas and consequently people had to transport with much difficulties and indulging higher costs to fetch drinking water from a distance. Many were drinking water open channels (canals and water holes) resulting to severe diarrhea epidemics in the area. DPHE has established tube wells and deep tube wells for which coverage of safe water in char area is almost universal. Mortality and morbidity due to diarrhea and dysentery has declined substantially. Prior to CDSP, people used to defecate in open places; now every family has a pit latrine resulting to again improvement of both environment and health of the people. DPHE has though established many community latrines, but some of those are dysfunctional, yet people are enjoying limited facilities of the public toilet. DAE: Irrigation improvements contributed by DAE prevented salinity in the farm land resulting to increased production of crops. DAE has supplied agricultural implements, fertilizers, improved seeds and insecticides to help accelerate the growth of agriculture in the char area. By organizing Farmers’ Forums, DAE also launched orientation programs and demonstration sites in order make the farmers skilled and knowledgeable about improved farming. DAE organized incentives/rewards for model farmers to encourage model farming practices.

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Forestry: They use fire woods and also can market the same. Forest Department (FD) distributed saplings, particularly coconut saplings to people free of costs. Many families gained financially by selling coconuts and fire woods. The system evolved by FD ensures 55% of the profits accrued or to be accrued due to expansion of forests; and as a result in future each family will gain or accumulate large sums of cash money under the system. Forest expansion has reduced incidences of cyclones, land erosions and balancing of environment/climate effects. Women are given lead in providing security and maintenance of the growth and expansion of forests. Assessment of and demands/expectations from CDSP III: • Targeted activities of CDSP III are now need to be completed by CDSP IV; • Currently only khatians on land allocations have been given; the need is to complete the

registration of land • Many canal digging work is incomplete • Bus stand is constructed, but buses do not ply • A ferry ghat is constructed but no river transport operates • Road repairs and maintenance are needed; also the canals and ponds need to re-

excavated as these over time become dry • In some cases, infrastructures twin houses were allotted without proper verifications • Arrange for electricity for the area • Organize and operate health centers: previously NGO workers were providing limited

health services; CDSP III is terminated from Boyer char and CDSP IV is not operation in Boyer char, resulting to discontinuation of the services by the NGOs

• The various forums and groups mobilized under CDSP III are not registered • At the moment there is no high school, Krishi bank, college, technical training center,

police station in Bayer Char. The CDSP III project is terminated; but some activities are incomplete inappropriately undertaken, e.g., toilets adjacent to the twin houses are not functional; according to the females in the PRAs, the contractors misused the allotted funds of Tk. 72,000 per twin house as the walls of the houses are cracked and are facing natural demolition.

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D. Findings of Focus Group Discussions (FGDs): CDSP III Three FGDs were conducted with total 18 participants (6 per FGD) and the participants were community leaders, particularly the members of the project associations and forums: WMA, Farmers Forums, Social Forestry Group, NGO group. Occupations for livelihood: Previously, before initiation of the CDSP (prior to 2005) the males were predominantly engaged in agricultural activities and the females were primarily housewives. During post project period, males in addition to their engagements if agriculture are involved as transport workers, and good proportions are engaged in petty business and some also travel outside the char area to work in the urban factories, while the women are additionally engaged in cattle and poultry raising, cottage crafts (sewing, making caps and bamboo products) and are engaged in social forestry as laborers. Opportunities and scope for loans and savings at post project period: A number of NGOs, namely Sagarika, Deep Unnayan, Upama, NARS are functioning in the project areas. These NGOs operate and manage micro credit programs and the loans are given individually and also in group. Particularly these NGOs, award loans to establishing pit latrines at the households level and also for meeting expenses of the WMAs. Status of Land Allotments: All the families did not get land allocations. Some families after obtaining land have sold it, as they failed to sustain loans and debts falling on them. After selling the land, they have moved to a different Char (e.g. Noler Char, Langulia and Caring Char). Here it may mention that during household level interviews, it is hardly reported that ownership of land has been transferred, but the Community leaders divulged such incidents. Those who indulged in such practices moved to a Char, where CDSP IV has just started; and it is presumed that these families did so on the expectations that they will obtain new allocations of land in the char they migrated to. Some adverse information regarding land allotments and subsequent transfers are: • Some destitute families (as a result of loans and debts) become victims of the rich and

powerful and hand over their land; • Some of these people are also victims of NGOs’ loan recovery adversities, in which

situations, when some families can not clear their NGO loans in time, they face reprisals from the NGOs, which sell their household assets, and besides, these destitute families, as they do not belong as members of NGOs (groups), they do not get the facilities of tube wells and latrines.

An estimate has been obtained from the FGD participants on the proportions currently owning the Khas land awarded:

• Tankir Khal area: 70% families were awarded with khas land, still own their land; • Hatiya Bazar area: 60% families were awarded with khas land and they still own

their land; • Mohammadpur area: 60% families were awarded with khas land and they still

own their land; • Nabinagar area: 70% families were awarded with khas land and they still own

their land; and • Gabtali area: 40% families were awarded with khas land and they still own their

land.

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Use of Khas Land and Economic Impact: Lands have been primarily used for: • Construction of Houses (Residences); • Farming: In farming the people are undertaking multiple and new crops for economic

gains: chilies, paddy, soyabeans, bananas, Coconuts, mangoes, jack fruits, potatoes including sweet potatoes; pea nuts, lintels, Corns, Trees for woods and for medicine purposes; and

• Established shops for petty business. Use of land for farming also reduced their previous scarcity of food requirements; helped them to undertake business enterprises, which impacted directly and positively earned income. Project Impact on Social Development: • On health: Previously health services were almost non existent in the area; when

people faced great difficulties to travel and reach Health centers, resulting to fatalities. Currently, pharmacies are operating in the markets; NGOs render FP services, village doctors provide some health services. Besides, people can travel to hospitals due to improvements in the communication net work.

• Previously school attendance was hardly 10% by the eligible children; now it has increased to about 85% at the primary school level only. Besides, previously there was no trained teacher, but now there are trained teachers.

Tortures on Women: Previously, 85% women were victims of family level tortures or tortures inflicted by robbers and pirates; this rate has now come down to 40% due to NGO orientation programs on community mobilization. Besides, the system evolved by CDSP on joint husband and wife ownership of the Khas Land empowered the women (wives),which impacted on reduction of family level conflicts. Situations of Early Marriages: prior to CDSP, early marriages were commencing approximately at 60%; and now it has declined to 40%; reasons are increased income opportunities of women; women empowerment through ownership of land; participation women as laborers in social forestry; launching of orientation programs by NGOs, which raised the consciousness of the women on the values of education and benefits of good health including harmful effects of early marriages. Water and Sanitation: Previously, availability of safe water in the area was below 20%; now the coverage of safe water is 85%, because of the expansion and availability of tube wells established under the project by DPHE; in some places, there are also sweet water ponds. Previously, people used open places for excreta disposal; only 5% of the families used to own any latrine in their houses; now pit latrines have been established in 85% of the households. Law and Order Situations: Previously, threats to security of property and life were a severe problem; the participants rated law and order status at previous situations existed at only 10% level. The perpetrators were the robbers, land grabbers and pirates. Now the law and order situation has improved to about 85% level; women as they were exposed to various sorts of crimes and violations, now they feel secure.

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Assessments of Six Agencies Development Interventions: • BWDB has constructed embankments, dug canals, constructed sluice gates/closures

which reduced water salinity and protected land from being flooded. • Land Ministry: Allotment of Khas land has rehabilitated many destitute and homeless

people previously living in sub human and land less status, now they have their own houses, including some families are enjoying the benefits of twin houses.

• LGED has constructed roads, bridges, culverts and Cyclone Shelter resulting to

improvements of communication net work and security of people at the time of natural disasters, and also use of shelter for school and other community gatherings.

• DAE organized and implemented training programs (demonstration plots) and distributed

seeds and allied implements; these contributed to a virtual agricultural boost in the char areas raising the livelihood status of the people.

• Forest Department has been successful in creating social forestry which besides,

improving environment and protecting land, has created employment for the women. Social forestry also encouraged tree plantations at household levels.

Recommendations for future strengthening of the Project interventions and their use: • Emphasized on regular repair and maintenance and monitoring of the project

components advocating increased and smooth use of the facilities; • Absence of particular mention of health and educational services in the project document

somehow thwarted full development of these two facilities; health centers with full medical services are not yet available; people have to travel to obtain improved and modern medical facilities and over and above there is no high school and may be in future, there would be need for a college too.

• Many facilities are planned but are not yet completed, like deep tube wells and latrines,

digging of canals and twin houses constructed but not allotted; these need to be completed.

• Establishment of Krishi bank in the area would create opportunities for agricultural loans. • Area certainly need a post office; bus stands are needed, but one bus stand that has

been established, this is not in use because buses do not yet ply in the area.

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E. Findings of Intensive Interviews with the Officials and field Personnel involved in CDSP III: Total 24 officials and staff were interviewed: • Ministry of Land: 3 Union level Assistants • BWDB: 6: 2 Sub Assistant Engineers; 2 Extension officers; 1 Sub divisional Engineer; 1

Executive engineer • Forest Department: 5 personnel: 2 Area (bit) forest persons; 1 Deputy Range Officers; 1

Forester; Assistant Conservator of Forest • LGED: 3 personnel: 2 Sub divisional Assistant Engineers; 1 Assistant Engineer • DPHE: 2 personnel: 1 Executive Engineer and 1 Sub divisional Assistant Engineer • DAE: 5 personnel: 3 Sub Assistant Agriculture Officers; 2 Specialists grain productions Findings BWDB: • The respondents affirmed that total allocated finds for the Water Management

component of the CDSP III was received and spent • Supervision was very intensive of the infrastructures and it was done according to fixed

plan target • Activities completed on Flood control: constructed embankments; excavation of new

canals and re-excavation of old canals; constructed sluice gates and closures • No problems faced during project implementation as the local people were very

cooperative • No environmental problems encountered • Participation of women were ensured at the level or maintenance of the project

components • Strengths: People are protected (both life and property) from possible devastations of

natural disasters; water salinity declined and accelerated grain productions and increased job opportunities and trade and commerce;

• Weaknesses: No electricity, shortages of schools, health centers, NGOs ceased their activities with completion of CDSP III

• Recommendations: Future project should focus on ensuring electricity, schools and health centers; ensure allocations of funds and efforts to repair and maintain the infrastructures; monitor the activities of the NGOs; and ensure follow-up support to Water Management Committees so that the se continue to function on completion of the project

Ministry of Land: • The respondents affirmed that total allocated funds for the land component of the CDSP

III was received and spent • Supervision and monitoring on land allocation was very intensive and every family was

allocated with land after thorough verifications • Every Twin House is now under possessions of the owners • Land allocations (khas land was completed as per targets • No problems faced during project implementation as the local people were very

cooperative • No environmental problems encountered • Strengths: People got their own houses and farming lands • Weaknesses: No electricity, shortages of schools and health centers

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• Recommendations: Future project should focus on ensuring electricity, schools and health centers; in the project clusters of villages can be settled in a homogenous area (ensuring physical proximity between the clusters)

LGED: • The respondents affirmed that total allocated funds for LGED Infrastructures of the

CDSP III was received and spent • Supervision and monitoring was very intensive of the infrastructures and it was done

according fixed plan target • To improve communication networks in the Char, LGED constructed roads, bridge,

culverts, cyclone shelters and ponds • Primary level education increased a lot because the cyclone shelters are operating as

schools/madrashas and there is remarkable improvement of the road communications • Women get equal opportunities like men in all the project activities under LGED • Strengths: Communication network improved, facilitating trade and commerce creation of

jobs; cyclone shelters are the centers for protection to people during natural disasters • Weaknesses: Emphasis of education and health services not prioritized and future

allocations for repair and maintenance not taken care of • Recommendations: Ensure allocations of funds for repairs and maintenance of the

project infrastructures in future DPHE: • The respondents affirmed that total allocated finds for DPHE Infrastructures of the CDSP

III was received and spent • Supervision and monitoring was very intensive of the infrastructures and it was done

according fixed plan target • Construction of pit latrines and DTWs were completed as per targets • According to the respondents incidence and prevalence of water borne diseases

currently have declined by about 80% • With the women Tube Well User groups have been formed • Strengths: Coverage of safe drinking water has been ensured almost hundred percent;

People are increasingly using pit latrines and have abandoned open defecting practices, consequently diseases have declined substantially

• Weaknesses: There is no fund for repair and maintenance of the tube wells for which dysfunctional tubewells are hardly maintained

• Recommendations: Field level Water Management, NGO groups need to be more motivated to work for repair and maintenance of the infrastructures and components of CDSP III

DAE: • The respondents affirmed that total allocated funds for DPHE Infrastructures of the

CDSP III was received and spent • Supervision and monitoring was very intensive of the infrastructures and it was done

according fixed plan target • Farmers have been trained; demonstration fields mobilized and with all the agricultural

inputs, productions have accelerated; training also focused on income earning interventions, like poultry, kitchen gardening, seed storage, special training on vegetables fruits and grains

• In every intervention, participation of 25 to 30% women were ensured

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• Strengths: Overall agricultural yields in the char area have increased; quality of production of grains have also increased; agriculture has been modernized

• Weaknesses: Lack of monitoring the activities of the Farmers Groups; field depots are absent for which supply of agricultural commodities to the farmers sometimes get obstructed

• Recommendations: Training of the farmers responsible for demonstration fields has to be a continuing practice; need to establish remote area agricultural centers (Depots)

Forest Department: • Out of 5 respondents, 3 (60%) mentioned that funds received were not spent totally,

funds were refunded: funds allocated for growth of mangroves 200 ha could not be utilized; on 80 ha nothing could be completed; only on 85 foreshore dykes and mangroves on 35 ha completed

• Supervision and monitoring was very intensive of the project components and it was done according fixed plan target

• On social forestry, participation of the women were ensured through labor contracting societies and the women discharged the functions of guarding and maintenance of the plantations

• Strengths: The vacant land of char is now full of trees; this protects the area from the onslaught of natural disasters; social forestry increased employment opportunities for the women who will entitled in future a profit up to 55% after the trees are full grown and felled

• Weaknesses: Land allocated for social forestry is under control of DCs and the Ministry Land as a result Forest Department can not prevent land occupations by the grabbers; no funds are allocated for maintenance of plantations

• Recommendations: Ensure additional funds for protection and maintenance of forests and strengthen local group involvement; launch motivational programs among the people and the groups to ensure protection of forests; coordination between BWDB, LGED and Forest Department need to be strengthened for future protection and maintenance of plantations on embankments and roads

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F. Findings of Intensive Interviews with the selected Personnel of Community Level Organization in CDSP III: Intensive interviews with 60 persons (members) of six Field level groups/associations of CDSP III have been interviewed. Table 9: Distribution of Respondents by Community Level Organization/ Groups

Name of the community level organization/ groups Total personnel Water Management Organizations (WMO) 16

Farmer Forums 12 Labor Contracting Societies (LCS) 11

Social Forestry Groups(SFG) 10 NGO-groups 7

Colony management committee(CMC) 4 Total: 6 Agencies 60

Major Functional Responsibilities: • Members of Water Management Organizations (WMO) supervised the status of current

operational effectiveness and also the need for repairs and maintenance of embankments, Canals, Closures, Bridge, Culverts.

• Members of the Farmers Forums organize orientation programs on any new technological

interventions being used for farming; and supervise and ensure maintenance of the Demonstration Plots; assist in the programs on poultry raising, ketchen gardening.

• Members of the Labor Contracting Societies (LCS) ensure supply of laborers for any

developmental enterprises either for CDSP III of any other outside comparable activities. • Members of the Social Forestry Groups (SFG) primarily ensure guarding and maintenance of

the plantations on the embankments. • Members of NGO-groups oversee the management and implementations of the micro credit

system in the area; they also work for advancing education and health activities. • Members of the Colony management committee(CMC) (Twin House Committee)

supervise and ensure maintenance of all the establishments, such as tube wells, ponds (including fishing) status houses; and in addition also function as the authority for arbitration of any conflicts among the residents of the twin houses.

All these groups claimed they receive technical support through monitoring and supervision primarily by the field offices of CDSP III and BWDB. Follow-up Activities on Termination of CDSP III: • Each group/Association has their own office structures at the field level. Every

association has generated funds through self contributions and the money is used for maintenance and also for support (as loan) to individuals in times of need and crisis.

• Social Forestry group (each member) used to receive honoraria to the tune of Tk. 2000 per month; but this is suspended for last three months; even then the group through earned deposits still operating and fulfilling their functional responsibilities.

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Use of Khas Land, as affirmed by all the respondents is ensured through following interventions (outcome) • For residential purposes: construction of individual houses • Construction of Twin Houses with priorities to land less families, particularly those living

outside the embankments • For under taking farming of paddy, vegetables, fruits, oil seeds and pea nuts • For digging ponds, and undertaking fishing • For plantation of trees • Also for other infrastructures for public use: embankments, canals, roods,

bridges/culverts and cyclone shelters Improvement of Socio Economic Status: All the members of the groups claimed that tremendous economic advancements have been achieved, as the families in Char area grossly enhanced their net income (by about 60 to 70%) through different opportunities: • Use of khas land: primary contribution is that previously the char population at large was

land less; now almost every one has a house and an address • Use improved communication net works: has primarily accelerated trade and commerce

within and outside char; previously there was no scope of transporting any product now this has been advanced with increased business enterprises

• Protection from floods, • Prevention of water borne diseases through availability of safe drinking water and use of

pit latrines: achieved reduced health costs/expenditures and enhancement of adult productivity; however, in the Char area there is acute shortages of the health centers; people transport their patients to far away places, which has been possible for improved communication

• Opening of job opportunities, for both men and women particularly due to initiatives on social forestry and acceleration of farm productions, which have also been enhanced due to reduction of water salinity

• Different training and motivational activities helped in mobilizing the char population as an homogenous people, who have resisted the tortures of pirates and the land grabbers; people have become more skilled on farming;

• Primary schools are being operated in the cyclone shelters which is certainly a cause for development of the future generations, but there is demands for high schools and colleges

About 10% of the members stated that in the initial stages of CDSP implementation problems were created by local robbers/pirates and land grabbers, which has been now eliminated. Weaknesses: • There is no specific fund available through CDSP for continuing with the repair and

maintenance activities of the CDSP infrastructures and establishments. • The groups are functioning as loose association until they are formally registered under

the Cooperatives Act. • Supply of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers are often impeded due to absence of field

centers to connect the remote areas in time • Continuous training is a necessity to enhance the skills of the people on farming, but it is

not ascertained whether there is any future provision for the same • Continuation of NGO activities is uncertain

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• CDSP did not particularly planned or the project component specifically did not cover the activities on health and education, which for development of the people now and in future is very vital

Recommendations • First and foremost demand of the people as they have experienced the initial fruits of

development is the availability of electricity in the area; and such programs can be initiated through evolving of solar energy, a scope to be opened for individual households

• People also demand establishments of high schools and later college • Functioning of proper Health centers under skilled personnel (possibly an MBBS doctor)

is essential • Regular repairs and maintenance of the CDSP infrastructures, particularly those created

and established for public use is necessary • Operations of full fledged agricultural office in the area is again very vital to ensure the

momentum achieved already in the fields of agriculture both by CDSP and the local people

• NGOs may be encouraged to continue their activities, particularly to keep the field level associations and groups are sustained, trained and motivated to pursue char development for a long term basis

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G. Findings of Local Level Workshop on Sharing Opinions with the Local Level Participants (beneficiaries) The workshop was organized and conducted by READ with technical support from IMED on 12 April in the CDSP Office located in Boyer Char under Hatiya Upazila of the District of Noakhali. Important guests involved in the project were: Begum Ayesha Huq, DC Ministry of Land; Mr. Habibur Rahman, Executive Engineer, BPUB; Mr. Sadequl Islam, Deputy Team Team Leader, CDSP IV; Mr. Mohamamd Rowshan Alam, Executive Engineer, DPHE; Mr. Khaled Chowdhury, Executive Engineer, LGED; Mr. Shahi Alam, DFO, Department of Forestry; and Mr. Golam Mostafa, Chief Project supervisor, DAE. Below is the list of the participants (beneficiaries) in the workshop: Table 10: Distribution of Participants in the Local Level Workshop Participants’ Identity Total Male Female

6 agencies 10 9 1 CDSP field and office personal 7 6 1 NGO personal 2 0 2 Water management group 7 4 3 Farmers forum 4 4 0 Beneficiary 6 4 2 READ Officials: Consultant, Deputy Director 3 3 1 Total Participants 39 30 10

Ms. Sharmin Akther, Coordinator READ welcomed the participants after completion of the registration of the Participants. She also explained the objectives of the Impact Evaluation Survey, its scope and methods in details. She also urged the participants to assess the performances of the CDSP project III by the participants with an open mind. During the session on Sharing Opinions on the Project performances by the Participants, Mr. Ferdous Rahman and Mr. Nazrul Isalm of READ moderated the discussions. Table below gives in details the major components pertinent to the project performances raised and discussed during the opinion Sharing Session. Table 11: Distribution of Infrastructures Completed by Agencies

Agencies CDSP-lll Total (CDSP-l,ll,lll) BWDB Construction of Embankment (KM) 18.87 80.87 Construction of sluices (no.) 3 18 Construction of closures (no.) 2 4 Construction of individual guide dyke (KM) 3 3 Excavation and re-excavation of drainage canal (KM) 8 176 Excavation/ re-excavation of secondary canal (KM) 38 100 Excavation and re-excavation of shortcut channel (KM) 6.655 6.655 Re-excavation of river (KM) 10 10 MOL Twin houses (no.) 128 128 Cluster village with pond/ house platform (no.) 31/616 31/616 Land settlement Ander MoL 8650 25899 Land distribution among landless households 6185 18516 LGED Multipurpose Cyclone Shelter (no.) 20 64 Bridge/ cultvert (no.) 70 228 Rural road (paved/earthen) (KM) 73 384 Bus stand (no.) 1 1 Community ponds (no.) 49 49

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Agencies CDSP-lll Total (CDSP-l,ll,lll) DPHE Deep Tube well (no.) 600 920 Test Tube well (no.) 18 28 Sanitary Latrines (no.) 8500 11364 Public toilet (no.) 20 20 Pond with sand filters 47 47 Rain Water Harvesting Écheme (no.) 60 60 DAE Demostration Farms 576 652 Organization Field day 140 153 Motivation Tours 32 38 Crop cut Demonstration 1152 1203 Farmers Forum 35 50 Farmers Training 288 450 FD Mangrove Forest 500 ha 500 ha Foreshore Plantation 200 ha 200 ha Embankment Plantation 29.50 km 29.50 km Road plantation 120 km 120 km Village Afforestation 52 nos 52 nos Training (Persons) 1800 nos 18oo nos

Table 12: Distribution of Field Level Institution (FLI) Name of field Level institution (FLI) CDSP-lll Water Management organization: WMG – WMA 10 and 1 Farmers Forum 35 Social Forestry Group 130 NGO Group 998

• At pre project period of CDSP III (prior to 2005), the people living in the area faced difficulties and the livelihood there was arduous.

• At pre project period, people used to live temporary sheds built with local materials (Chans: long grasses). Land grabbers were most active, security to life was at stake; basic needs of life like availability of drinking water were scarce or absent. Road network was non existent, health services were unavailable, school (primary) did not exist; employment opportunities were hardly available, farming facilities and scopes were unavailable.

• Project (CDSP III) primarily aimed at allotment of Khas land and rehabilitate the landless population.

• After implementation of CDSP III, the area underwent significant transformation in terms of development. CDSP III undertook following project interventions for the benefits of target population (land less poor, women and disadvantaged):

Allotted Khas land; Constructed and allotted Twin Houses; Re-excavation of rivers; Water and Sanitation: pit latrines, deep tube wells Constructions: embankments, bridges and culverts, slice gates, closures Digging of channels (khals); Construction of Cyclone Shelters; Construction of roads for improvements of communication net work; Settling population in cluster villages Implement programs on social forestry

• All the interventions undertaken by the project targeted to improve the livelihood of the Char population, especially creating economic opportunities for them.

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H. Findings of Household Level Beneficiaries Section 1: Sample Characteristics Socio- demographic and Economic Data Age: Average age of the respondents is comparable; and for: • male participants (mp), it is 44 years and for female participants (fp) it is 39 years; • male part participants (mpp), it is 44 years and for female part participants (fpp) it is 39

years; and • male non participants (mnp), it is 42 years and for female non participants (fnp) it is 38

years. Table 13: Distribution of respondents by their age: in %

Participants N=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

M F M F M F Mean 44 39 41 39 42 38 Minimum 22 20 20 18 22 18 Maximum 85 75 80 70 85 70 The average completed education of all the three categories of respondents by gender is only grade 1; while the minimum education level is 0. But the maximum education level: i. for the male participants and also non participants is 16th grade completed, while for the part participants, it is grade 12; and ii. for the female participants, it is 10th grade completed and for part participants and also for the non participants, it is grade 8. Table 14: Distribution of respondents by their education: in %

Participants N=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

M F M F M F Mean 1 1 1 1 1 1 Minimum 0 0 0 0 0 0 Maximum 16 10 12 8 16 8 Hundred percent of all categories of respondents are currently married. Average number of living children per family, irrespective of the categories of respondents, is 4, minimum being 1 and maximum being 8-10 children. And the average size of the family in the char area is 6, which is higher by 1 member than the national average; however PCR reported (data of 2010) 7. The minimum size of the family is 2 to 3, while the maximum size of the family being 12. Occupations The table below shows the comparative distribution of 3 most frequently held jobs in the past (before 2005) and currently by three categories of respondents (participants, part participants and non participants) and also by gender. • Share croppers proportions have systematically declined during currently over the past

among all three categories of male; on the contrary, farming on own land has increased currently over the past for all categories of respondents; and such changes have

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occurred in case of the Participants’ samples at a much higher proportions compared to two other respondents – part participants and non participants;

• Among the participants’ and part participants’ samples there are also substantial changes (increased currently) in petty business;

• Proportions of day laborers have declined among the participants samples currently, while it has slightly increased in case of non participants samples;

• Proportions of females being engaged in income earning activities within households and in the surroundings have increased in cases of all categories respondents; and

• Proportions of housewives have declined again in all the three categories of respondents.

Table 15: Distribution of respondents by occupations

Male Female Participants

n=1656 Part

Participants N=1104

Non Participants

n=1380

Participants n=1656

Part Participants

n=1104

Non Participants

n=1380

Responses

Before Current

Before Current

Before Current

Before Current

Before Current

Before Current

Farmer (share croppers) 48 1 36 25 19 14 19 0 15 0 0 6 Farmer (Farming in own land)

17 70 7 15 28 35 2 0 1 0 0 16

Petty business 7 11 13 22 7 7 2 1 5 9 3 3 Day labor 12 8 28 21 15 22 0 0 2 1 1 5 Engaged in other income earning activities: kitchen gardening/social forestry/cottage crafts

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 0 35 0 15

Only Housewives 0 0 0 0 0 0 72 68 68 55 94 41 Income and Expenditures (report on male estimates only) PCR reported income increase by a proportion of about 39 to 56%; similar increase in the income has been reported by the household level respondents; but in cases of the project intervention samples, particularly among the participants, the increase is by 50% and for the part participants, it is by 37%. As a result of such increase in income, households in the interventions areas have moved from the status of hardcore poor to poor. Although the non participant respondents have experienced income increase (by 30%), but such increase did not impact on their shifting from the hardcore status. Table 16: Distribution of respondents by their monthly family income during pre and post project period (during period of 2005 and current): in Taka

Male Female Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380 Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Mean Tk. 4961 7463 4615 6337 4137 5458 4577 6861 4767 6646 4469 5257 % increase in current over before

50 37 30 50 39 18

Minimum 1000 2000 1000 2000 1500 1500 1000 2000 1500 2000 1000 1500 Maximum 20000 30000 10000 20000 10000 14000 15000 20000 12000 15000 10000 10000

The level of expenditures commensurate to the income has also registered systematic increase, but such increase is evident much more in case of the Participants’ samples, followed by Part Participants and non participants’ samples in that order.

42

Table 17: Distribution of respondents by their monthly family expenditure during pre and post project period (during period of 2005 and current): in Taka

Male Female Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380 Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Mean Tk. 4651 6719 4625 5965 3912 4884 4696 6262 4216 5941 4230 4947 % increase in current over before

44 29 25 33 41 17

Minimum 1000 2000 1000 2000 1500 1500 1000 2000 1000 1000 1500 1500 Maximum

15000 30000 15000 15000 25000 13000 15000 20000 10000 15000 9000 9500

Among the males, the proportions currently holding memberships of community level project supported groups range from 25% among the participants’ samples to 15% among the part participants; while among the females, it is 12% and 8% respectively. Among the non participants such membership is negligible (1%) or 0. Section 2: Benefits, ownership and Use of Land (Khatians) obtained from the Ministry of Land Status of receiving Land: PCR reports about two thirds of the land less family (6185 out of total of 9500: 65%) have been rehabilitated with khas land awarded by the Ministry Land. Female estimates (68%) of the findings of the household survey match with the findings of PCR; male estimates are higher (75%) than that of the females. Only one sixth of both the males (15%) and the females (16%) said that they paid some amount charged for value of the land. Each of the Participant family (awarded with land) received on average 105 (female estimates) or 106 (male estimates) decimals. Hundred percent of the Participants (awarded with land) said that they still own the land; but findings of PRA indicate that some of the people awarded with land do not own the land (about 15 to 16%); if they have pawned the lands against some loans; they still own the land, and moreover according to the Ministry of Land, Khas land awarded is strictly non transferable. Use of Land for farming Overwhelming majority (both males: 83% and females: 87%) of those receiving khas land (Intervention samples: participants) from the Ministry of Land claimed that they use the khas land for farming compared to only 40% males and 10% females of the Non participant samples (Control area). Many of the Char population where CDSP have not yet awarded land, practice farming in the khas land without receiving any award, which was also a practice among the population in Boyer char prior to CDSP III. Major yield of crops in cases of the Participants’ samples are paddy, Chilies, Pea nuts, and Potatoes; while in the control areas people produce only potatoes (Table 18).

43

Table 18: Distribution of respondents by status of utilizing land for farming: in %

Participants n=1656

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

M F M F Status of use of land for farming: yes 83 87 40 10 Utilized land for farming in different crops Paddy 59 72 4 1 Chili 56 57 0 0 Pea-nut 37 34 0 0 Potato 25 26 10 0 Corn 4 4 0 0 Lintels 1 5 0 0 Banana 1 0 0 0

Multiple responses About three fourths of the Participants’ samples (both males: 73% and females: 74%) claimed that farming has contributed to the increase in their income; while only 1% of the Control sample claimed the same. Twin House Only about a quarter of the Participants’ samples (male: 23% and female: 21%) were awarded with a twin house. And almost all of them (male: 96% and female 100%) use the pond around the Twin House. And about two thirds (61%) of the male samples and more than three fourths (78%) of the female samples claimed using the ponds for fishing practices. And about half of male (45%) and female (50%) respondents claimed that fish cultivation in the ponds around twin houses have contributed to their income. Exposure to BWDB Public Infrastructures: About two thirds of the males (63%-65%) and about half of the females (56-63%) from among the Participants and Part Participants claimed exposures to and use of the following Public Water Management and Distribution systems: (Table 19). Respondents in the Control areas do not have such exposures. Table 19: Distribution of respondents by status of exposures and use of public infrastructures for water distribution and management (by BWDB): in %

Participants n=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants

n=

Responses

M F M F M F Status exposures and use 65 59 63 56 0 0 Specific infrastructures Excavated Khal 48 56 56 72 Sluice gate 52 68 54 61 Box Culvert 12 10 13 11 Embankment 17 15 14 8 Bridge 12 10 11 10

Multiple responses Nearly two thirds of the males (60%) and one third of the females (35%) from among the Participants’ samples claimed that the BWDB public infrastructures reduced water salinity. About two thirds of the males (64%) and females (60%) from among the Participants’ samples claimed that the infrastructures helped irrigating their farm lands. About half of the

44

males (48%) and females (54%) of the Participants’ samples also affirmed that the infrastructures impacted on accelerating farm productions (Table 20). Almost all the Participants (male: 98% and female: 95%) and Part Participants (male: 96% and female: 93%) claimed that they were benefited by the embankments for flood control. On the issue of whether or not the respondents gained financially due to interventions of the referred infrastructures: • More than three fourths of the Participants’ (male: 76% and female:82%) samples said

that they gained financially; while • In case of the Part Participants (male: 52% and female: 58%), the gain claimed was by

little more than half. Table 20: Distribution of respondents by types of impact of public infrastructures for water distribution and management (by BWDS): in %

Participants n=1656

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

M F M F Increase crop production 48 54 0 0 Reduce salinity 60 35 0 0 Irrigated farm land 64 60 0 0

Multiple responses Section-3: Safe Water and Sanitation Proportions claiming ownership of both tube wells and latrines in the households both in cases of Participants’ and Part Participants’ samples comparatively increased by manifolds from pre to post project periods; while in case of the Non Participants’ samples, the situation is very miserable (both the facilities are non existent). About 5-8% of the pit latrines in the Project Intervention areas are not usable currently (Table 21). Table 21: Distribution of respondents by status of ownership of Tube well and Pit Latrine and exposure to pond: in %

Male Female Participants

N=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380 Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Tubwell 14 100 17 89 0 1 9 100 16 97 0 0 Pit latrine 11 99 8 96 0 1 12 100 15 98 0 1 % non usable pit latrine now

5 10 100 7 8 100

Pond in own house

62 100 17 100 5 14 67 100 40 100 3 22

About a third of the respondents from among the Participants’ (male: 29% and female: 27%) and Part Participants’ (male: 28% and female: 35%) Samples claimed that they have a Deep Tube well in the vicinity of their homesteads; while those from the Control areas do not have such facility in their area. On average there is 1 community toilet per area (public places: markets) in the project araes. Section-4: Social Forestry Social forestry practices at homestead level is universal (100%) in case of the participants and part participants, irrespective of gender; on the contrary, in case of the non participants, such practices exist at 39% and 56% respectively for males and females. Though

45

proportionally slightly less, yet the practices of planting trees on embankments and on road side are quite common; and again such practice in the Control areas is very rare (see Bar Graphs below). Bar Graph 1: Participation to forestation: in %

100 100 100 100

3956

2 0

65 61 61 60

0 0

92979799

0102030405060708090

100

Male Female Male Female Male Female

Participants Part Participants Non Participants

Households Plantations: yesPlantations on embankment and road side: YesMangrove: Yes

About two thirds of the participants and part participants, irrespective of gender practiced mangrove plantations. Plants most commonly used are the coconut, bananas, betel-nuts, guava, Mahegoni, koroi, mangoes, papaya and kalo korai in that order (Table 22). Table 22: Distribution of respondents by status of homestead plantations: in %

Participants n=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Responses: yes

M F M F M F Coconut tree 66 61 31 44 0 0 Banana tree 41 35 20 32 3 9 Bettle nut treei 36 17 39 26 7 4 Guava tree 28 32 20 19 0 0 Mehegoni 27 27 26 17 0 0 Koroi 23 0 1 0 14 9 Mango tree 21 29 12 12 3 7 Papaya 10 8 6 7 8 26 Kalo kori 8 34 0 0 1 0 Others : Wood-nut, Date tree, Korai, Upon, Rain tree, Kodom, Jack-fruit tree, Litchi tree

14 25 14 18 3 1

Multiple responses Less than one tenth (5-9%) of the community people were involved as laborers in social forestry endeavors at public sites. Less than half of the participants (male: 44% and female: 40%) and about a third of the part participants (male: 29% and female: 30%) affirmed that they gained financially due to their involvement in the overall social forestry programs. Both the participants and the part participants ascertained following socio economic benefits due to social forestry in the char communities: Improved Environment in quality; reduced soil deficiency; Created job opportunities and Protected Char from cyclone (see table 23 in next page).

46

Table 23: Distribution of respondents by status of socio economic improvements due to social forestry programme: in %

Participants n=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

M F M F M F Improved Environment in quality 54 62 50 45 0 0 Reduced soil deficiency 24 28 31 29 0 0 Created job opportunities 15 3 18 6 0 0 Protected Char from cyclone 10 19 7 8 0 0

Section-5: Communication System: LGED Overwhelming majority of the respondents from among the Participants’ and Part Participants’ samples (90-100%) assessed roads, bridges, culverts and markets as in good condition during post project period. Table 24: Distribution of respondents by the status of road, bridge-culvert and markets comparatively by pre and post project period (during period of 2005 and current): in %

Male Female Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380 Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non

Participants n=1380

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Road Good 0 90 0 97 0 0 0 95 0 92 0 0 Not good 100 10 100 3 100 100 100 5 100 8 100 100 Bridge/culvert Good 0 98 0 95 0 0 0 94 0 95 0 0 Not good 100 2 100 5 100 100 100 9 100 5 100 100 Market Good 0 96 0 98 0 0 0 98 0 100 0 0 Not good 100 4 100 2 100 100 100 2 100 0 100 100

About two thirds of the respondents (participants: male--69% & female --68% and part participants: male-- 69% & female --64%) ascertained that they gained financially due to improvements of communication network. Hundred percent of the respondents (participants and part participants) are aware of the existence of the cyclone shelters; but less than half assessed these to be adequate in numbers. More than 80% of these respondents used the cyclone shelter individually. About half of the respondents mentioned that the cyclone shelters are used either as primary schools or as madrashas (Table 25). Table 25: Distribution of respondents by status and use of cyclone shelters: in %

Participants

n=1656 Part

Participants N=1104

Non Participants

n=1380

Responses

M F M F M F Adequacy of the number of cyclone shelter: Yes 42 39 45 48 0 0 No 58 61 55 52 100 100 Status use of cyclone shelter For individual use for shelter during cyclone: % used

91 86 94 83 0 0

Primary school 67 41 65 47 0 0 Madrasa 45 64 32 54 0 0

47

The types overall benefits accrued due to communication network are: Communication developed (easier to travel and less time needed); Economical opportunities increased: increased trade and commerce; Social security enhanced; and Improved Environment (Table 26). Table 26: Distribution of respondents by status of improvements in the livelihood due to communication networks: in %

Participants n=1656

Part Participants N=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

M F M F M F Communication developed 75 86 70 81 4 1 Economical opportunities increased: increased trade and commerce

27 10 34 26 6 2

Social security enhanced 12 22 18 15 0 0 Improved Environment 1 0 1 1 0 0

Multiple responses Section 6: Impact of Agriculture (DAE) Demonstration Plots Demonstration (in farming plots) is an important extension method to disseminate modern technologies to the target farmers. The DAE has extensive experience in setting up various types of demonstrations, such as crop variety, use of fertilizers, crop diversification, modern cultivation practices, pest management and use of equipments etc. To reach the project goal, HYV crops and their management packages are required to be demonstrated at the farmer’s field to motivate them to adopt the technology. In this project, 576 numbers of demonstrations (plots) were conducted in farmer’s fields by DAE. This study has investigated the extent of demonstrations received by target sample group members. Pie charts below show (estimates of male respondents) that 20% male participants and 3% male part participants received demonstration trials from Char Development & Settlement Project-III. Whereas, 100% of the non participants said that they did not receive any demonstration from DAE. Pie Charts: Distribution of participants and non participant’s respondents (male estimated) received Demonstration from DAE: in%

Participants: Male

20%

80%

Yes No

Part participants: Male3%

97%

Yes No

Non participants: Male0%

100%

Yes No Those respondents who received demonstration, they were directly benefited through establishment of demonstration in their own field with inputs (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides) and technological support from projects. The non target (neighboring) farmers also benefited by the outcome of demonstration the plots. As a result, technologies dissemination will accelerate and in turn crop production will be increased. This may be possible due to intervention of project. Respondents reported that most demonstration subjects were related to HYV rice, pulses (Mug bean, Lentil), Soya bean, Chili etc. production technologies.

48

Extent of Training Received from DAE Training is one of the most important means of human resource development. The DAE organized informal and formal training, mainly for dissemination of crop production technologies for the farmers groups. DAE imparted 288 numbers of farmer’s technological training under Char Development & Settlement Project-III. In this study, an attempt has been made to determine the extent to which formal training organized by DAE was received by the sample group members. Findings show that 25% male and 16% female of the participants’ samples and 10% male and 8% female of the part participants’ samples received training form DAE under the project. Whereas, 99% respondents of non participants opined that they did not receive any agricultural training. These results clearly indicate that DAE need to be more focused to strengthen the training on farming technologies. Otherwise, dissemination of crop production technology may not reach the farmer’s level effectively. About one fifth (21%) to more than half of the males (55%) of participants’ samples, while among the females one tenth to a quarter have received training on different areas of agriculture. Similarly, one tenth to less than half of the males (45%) of part participants’ samples, while among the females less than one tenth (5%-8%) have received such training (see the bar graphs below). Bar Graph 2: Different areas of agricultural training from DAE

Areas of training: %

55

4540

3528 27

21 2015

10 12

2025

20

12 12

4540

3532

22 2114

105

8 8 7 6 58 8

05

1015202530354045505560

Modern cropcultivationmethods of

HYV

Fertilizermanagement &

interculturaloperation

Groupmanagement

Vegetablesproduction inhomesteadgardening

Pest anddisease

management

Post harvest &preservation of

seeds

Tree plantation Poultry rearingand

management

Participants Male Participants Female Part Participants Male Part Participants Female

Food Production Majority of the respondents from among the Participants’ (male: 90% and female: 83%) and Part Participants’ (male: 71% and female: 69%) samples opined that food production increased after intervention of projects. On the contrary, only 35% male and 27% female of non participants’ sample (outside project areas) agreed the same opinion. This finding clearly indicates about the direct impact of project intervention. Per hectare rice yield during pre and post project is shown in Bar Graphs below. The study finding shows that per hectare rice yield were more in the project areas over the non project areas (by above 2 metric ton). After implementation, the project areas produced rice per hectare above 4 m. tons, and non participants (control) produced rice per hectare only above 2 m. tons. This comparison of the yield of rice scenario clearly indicates the significant effects of project interventions on agriculture.

49

Bar Graph 3: Per hectare rice yield during pre and post project period (before project 2005 and after project 2012)

Male respondents: Mean yield / ha (m.ton)

1.53 1.45 1.5

4.5 4.3

2.4

012345

Participants Part Participants Non Participants

Before Current

Female respondents: Mean yield / ha (m.ton)

1.55 1.52 1.45

4.1 3.8

2.35

012345

Participants Part Participants Non Participants

Before Current

Market Price of Rice: Almost all of the respondents of both project (participants’ samples: male: 99% & female: 98% and Part participants’ samples: male: 99% and female: 98%) and outside project areas (non participants’ samples: male: 98% and female: 97%) unanimously said that per maund price of increased currently over the past (before project). Table 27 shows that before project, average market price per maund of rice was taka 250 to 300 and present average market price is more than double. Table 27: Paddy market price difference between pre and post project

Male Female Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380 Participants

n=1656 Part Participants

n=1104 Non Participants

n=1380

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Mean price per mond (TK.)

329 673 286 687 265 665 278 726 274 692 270 670

Majority of the respondents of project areas (participants’ sample: male--85% & female-- 77% and Part participants’ sample: male--79% & female--85%) ascertained that their income have been raised after implementation of project. Whereas, in the control areas, 53-55% respondents expressed that their income did not increase. Present Adopted Agricultural Program Interventions on agricultural given by DAE is presented in Table 28. The major areas of interventions are: training (40-56%), provisions of fertilizers (34-50%), HYV crop seed (30-40%), improved irrigation facilities (17-23%) and farming equipments (5-8%). The non participants (Control) hardly expressed any opinion in favor of (5%) training and (3%) fertilizer program. Table 28: Distribution of respondent’s by their opinions on interventions given by DAE

Participants n=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Adopted agricultural program

M F M F M F Training 56 44 52 40 5 1 Provided fertilizer 50 39 35 34 3 0 Provided HYV crops seed 40 35 31 30 0 0 Developed irrigation system 20 17 23 19 0 0 Farming equipments 5 4 8 5 0 0

Multiple responses

50

Farmers Group Formation More than 50% of the respondents of participants (male: 53% and female: 58%) and part Participants (male: 51% and female: 54%) said that farmer’s groups were formed. Whereas, almost all the respondents of non participants (male: 93% and female: 100%) expressed that farmers group formation have not been done. Bar Graph 4: Distribution of respondent’s opinion on farmer’s group formation: in %

53 5851 54

70

47 4249 46

93100

0102030405060708090

100

Male Female Male Female Male Female

Participants Part Participants Non Participants

Yes No

Among the participants’ samples, about one fifth males (20%) and less than one fifth females (15%) are the members of farmers’ groups. Similarly, more than one tenth of the part participants (males: 18% and females: 12%) are members of farmers’ groups. Whereas, only 7% males of the non participants expressed that they are members of the farmers group. Different activities were performed by farmers groups. The most important activities performed by the farmers groups are: water management, technological training, exchange of seed, solve the local problems (Table 29). Table 29: Distribution of activities performed by farmers groups: in %

Participants n=1656

Part Participants n=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Activities

M F M F M F Water management 60 50 65 54 10 0 Group meeting 54 48 57 50 2 Provided technological training to group members

26 24 25 21 0 0

Exchange of Seed 22 20 23 18 0 0 Solve the local problems 16 14 15 16 0 0

Availability of sweet water ponds and fish cultivation Majority of the respondents from among the Participants’ (male: 67% and female: 66%) and Part Participants’ (male: 65% and female: 60%) samples mentioned that there are sweet water ponds in their areas. Whereas, only 2% male and 1% female of non participants’ samples expressed that they have sweet water ponds. Majority of the respondents of participants’ samples (male: 87% and female: 83%) and part participants’ samples (male: 62% and female: 65%) said that they cultivated fish in sweet water pond.

51

Poultry Distribution and Income Only 22% and 32% female respondents of participants’ and part participants’ samples respectively have received poultry support from the Government. Majority of the female respondents (participants: 88% and part participants: 84%) expressed that their family income from poultry increased due to poultry farming. On the contrary, none of the respondents from the Control (non participants) either received any poultry support or gained any income raise for that. Section-7: Impact on Health and Education Health Status and Practices: Estimates of Female Respondents have been considered; as in many surveys, like BDHS, female estimates are comparatively reliable than the estimates of the males. On average, about a third (31% Participants and 35% Part Participants) of the population in the Project Intervention area (Boyer Char) is exposed to the incidences of the overall water borne diseases (combined 8 types of diseases). Comparatively, about a half (46% non participants) of the population in the Project Control areas (Nolar and Ziar Chars) are exposed to the incidences of the overall water borne diseases (combined 8 types of diseases). But in cases of cholera, dysentery and skin diseases, the difference on the incidences of the population exposed varies by a very large margin between Intervention (20-23% Participants and 32-35% Part Participants) and the Control areas (57-80% non participants). On diarrhea, the situation, in cases of the Participants’ samples (51%), it is comparatively much less than those among the Part Participants (81%) and the Non Participants (87%). Bar Graph 5: Proportion of female respondents reporting incidences of waterborne diseases (by types) currently: in %

23 21 20

51

38

21 19

4

3132 32 35

81

32 31

133

35

8068

57

87

35 32 30

7

46

0102030405060708090

100

Choler

a

Dysen

tery

Skin di

seas

e

Diarrh

ea

Enteric

feve

r

Jaun

dice

Para-t

ypho

id

Helmint

hes

Mean

Participants Part Participants Non Participants

Multiple responses More than two thirds to three fourths (in some case 100%) of the respondents from the Intervention areas ascertained that incidences of water borne diseases have reduced currently over the past (pre project period); contrarily, only 5% or none claimed such reduction of the incidences from the Control areas.

52

Bar Graph 6: Proportion female respondents reporting reduction in the incidences of waterborne diseases (by types) currently over the past (pre project): in %

100 98 95 95 98

86

70 73

05

0 0 0 0 0 0

98 97 9687

6965

8598

0102030405060708090

100

Cholera Diarrhea Skindisease

Para-typhoid

Entericfever

Dysentery Helminthes Jaundice

Participants Part Participants Non Participants

On average, following sickness outcome per family have been experienced comparatively by the Intervention and the Control Area Samples: (Bar Graph 7)

Table 30: Estimates of female responses on status of sickness and the impact in last one year: in mean number

Participants Part Participants Non Participants Responses

F M C T F M C T F M C T Person sick 1 1 1 3 1 1 2 4 1 1 3 5

Total day for sick 12 12 16 40 14 17 18 49 18 20 21 59 Can not work (can not

got to school for children) for the

reasons of sickness (mean day)

13 13 19 45 13 15 20 48 22 22 25 49

Sought treatment from Modern sources (clinics/hospitals): in

%

96 98 100 98 83 97 100 93 5 12 15 11

Health status outcome per family

3 4 3 5

4049 44

59

98 93 96

11

05101520253035404550556065707580859095100

Participants Part Participants Total Intervention Control area

Persons sick (mean number) Work Days lost % Sought Modern Treatment

53

Education Again estimates of the female respondents have been considered. On average, both the participants and the Part Participants estimated that there operates one Primary School in their respective (schools operate in the Cyclone Shelter) locality; whereas, there is none in the control area. Previously (prior to 2005), irrespective of the Project Intervention or Control areas, none of the eligible male or female children (per family) were attending school. Currently, in the Project area, all the eligible children, boy or girl, are attending primary schools; while on the contrary, from the Control area, 50% of the eligible boy child currently attends school, but none of the eligible girl child attends school. Table 31: Distribution of respondents by status of information about the education of the children pre and post project period (during period of 2005 and current): in %

Participants N=1656

Part Participants N=1104

Non Participants n=1380

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Qualified children in the family (Boy) 1 2 1 2 2 2 Children goes to school (Boy) 0 2 1 2 0 1 Qualified children in the family (girl) 2 2 1 1 1 1 Children goes to school ((girl) 0 2 0 1 0 0

Section-8: Strengths, Weaknesses and Recommendations Strengths Project initially identified Poverty alleviation as the core intervention through the provision of a land title to landless families; followed by improvements in water management, sanitation (latrines) and agricultural practices, leading to higher farm incomes. Following findings on income rise due to project interventions strongly hold such assumption of the project: the monthly family income of the land less Char Families in the Boyer char increased currently over the pre project period through project interventions by: • PCR: 39 to 56%; • PRA: hardcore poor, poor and non combined by 79%; for the hardcore poor by 33%; for

the poor by 33% and for the non poor by 50% • Household (beneficiaries) findings by 50% in case of Participants’ samples, 37% in case

of Part Participants samples, and in case of non participants (control) by 30%. As a result of such increase in income, households in the interventions areas have moved from the status of hardcore poor to poor. Although the non participant respondents have experienced income increase (by 30%), but such increase did not impact on their shifting from the hardcore status. Household level findings also confirmed that agricultural productions (paddy) increased to 4.3-4.5 m. tons currently compared to 1.45-1.53 m. tons previously in the Project areas (an increase by 2.97 metric tons). On the contrary, in the Control areas, the yield of paddy production also increased from over one m. ton (1.50) in the period prior to 2005 to 2.40 m. ton currently (an increase by 0.9 metric tons). The price increase per maund of paddy gained by the farmers both in the project and in the control areas in the post project period over the pre project period is comparable.

54

Following statistical analyses indicate the rise in income and allied indicators factoring the rise of income by accelerated farm productions as significant. A statistical Analysis (paired samples t test) for a few macro variables (in the project as well as control areas) Project area We conducted a statistical test to justify whether some important variables such as family income, family expenditure, paddy production per bigha, and paddy price per maund for which data have been collected in the study have increased substantially during the current time compared to “before” with the help of the well known paired samples t test. We see in the table below, that the t-values of all the four variables mentioned above are reported along with the corresponding degrees of freedom (df) and the significance levels (p-values). The t values indicate that all the four variables (family income, family expenditure, paddy production per bigha and paddy price per maund) have increased significantly over the reference period in the project area, as dictated by the corresponding p-values. These four variables are indicated by pair 1, pair 2, pair 3 and pair 4 respectively inside the table. All the t values appear with negative signs because the differences of the averages are taken as “before” – “after”. Because the current (after) income value is larger than the corresponding previous (before) value, therefore, the negative values are well justified mathematically. However, it does not really matter whether the t value is negative or positive, what matters is whether it is statistically significant or not. The paired samples t test is defined below:

nsyxt

d /−

= with (n-1) degrees of freedom

where, for example, =x average family income of the respondents in the project area during previous time (“before”), y = average family income of the respondents in the project area during current time (“after”), sd = standard deviation of the n differences in the present context, n = sample size covered. Pair 1 in the table below, for example, gives the t-value of the differences of the mean family income during the two periods. The results suggest that the mean family income during the current period is substantially higher than that during the previous period. The test becomes highly significant. Similarly, for the three other variables such as average family expenditure, paddy production per bigha and paddy price per maund, the above t test becomes highly significant indicating that also these variables have increased over the period. Table 32: Paired Samples T Test for the Project Area

Paired Differences t Df

p-value

Mean Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper Pair 1 v13a -

v13b -2176.341 2089.679 39.776 -2254.335 -

2098.346 -54.714 2759 .000

Pair 2 v14a - v14b

-1823.188 2026.797 38.579 -1898.836 -

1747.541 -47.258 2759 .000

Pair 3 v41ab - v41ap -6.560 5.396 .120 -6.795 -6.325 -54.725 2025 .000

Pair 4 v42ab - v42bp -211.177 110.812 2.470 -216.021 -206.334 -85.503 2012 .000

55

Control area The same statistical test (the paired sample t test) has been conducted also for the two macro variables such as family income and family expenditure for the respondents of the control area. The degrees of freedom column indicates a smaller sample size covered in this case. Pair 1 and pair 2 state here the differences of the two macro variables, family income and family expenditure respectively in Table 33. As in case of Table 32, the variables in the control area also turn out to be statistically highly significant. This indicates that both family income and family expenditure have increased substantially and significantly over the time also in the control area, where little or no government intervention was available. For the same reason, both the t values appear negative also in this case. This increase of the two macro variables is due to the natural positive market trend. Table 33: Paired Samples T Test for the Control Area

Rise in income currently in the Control areas (adjacent chars to Boyer char) is less than that in the intervention areas; one may wonder how such rise is possible without interventions; the response is that these areas being adjacent, the development facilities in the intervention areas have started to impact on these localities through diffusion effects. However, it is reiterated that the income rise in the Control area has not been enough to move the population from their hardcore status to poor status. In Boyer char (project intervention area), the majority has moved from the hardcore poor status to poor status by monthly family income. Process efficiencies: Project implementation Strengths as per PCR: Financial: Over 90% of both GOB and TA allocations have been spent during the project period. Physical: PCR also states that over 90% of the targeted facilities have been implemented and are in place and are being used by the beneficiaries. Large numbers of farmers (9095) were trained on modern techniques of farming. Tow thirds (6185) of the landless families (65%), out of a target of 9500 families have been awarded Khatians (khas land). Weaknesses as in PCR: Supervisory and monitoring system not fully implemented and maintenance of the infrastructures in Plan Document was not considered as a major issue. Pending decisions on whether Boyar char would be officially within Hatiya or Subarna Char Upazila, UP elections are not held; GOB has appointed administrator. Project also did not make provisions for electricity, operations of educational and health systems. BWDB: • The total allocated finds for the Water Management component of the CDSP III was

received and spent • Activities completed on Flood control: constructed embankments; excavation of new

canals and re-excavation of old canals; constructed sluice gates and closures

Paired Differences t df p-value

Mean Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower Upper Pair 1 v13a -

v13b -1231.696 1102.676 29.683 -1289.924 -1173.467 -41.495 1379 .000

Pair 2 v14a - v14b -948.442 1417.839 38.167 -1023.314 -873.570 -24.850 1379 .000

56

• No problems faced during project implementation as the local people were very cooperative

• No environmental problems encountered • Participation of women were ensured at the level or maintenance of the project

components • Strengths: People are protected (both life and property) from possible devastations of

natural disasters; water salinity declined and accelerated grain productions and increased job opportunities and trade and commerce;

• Weaknesses: No electricity, shortages of schools, health centers, NGOs ceased their activities with completion of CDSP III

• Recommendations: Future project should focus on ensuring electricity, schools and health centers; ensure allocations of funds and efforts to repair and maintain the infrastructures; monitor the activities of the NGOs; and ensure follow-up support to Water Management Committees so that these continue to function on completion of the project

Ministry of Land: • The total allocated funds for the land component of the CDSP III was received and spent • Supervision and monitoring on land allocation was very intensive and families were

allocated with land after thorough verifications • Every Twin House is now under possessions of the owners • Land allocations (khas land was completed as per targets • No problems faced during project implementation as the local people were very

cooperative • No environmental problems encountered • Strengths: People got their own houses and farming lands • Weaknesses: No electricity, shortages of schools and health centers • Recommendations: Future project should focus on ensuring electricity, schools and

health centers; in the project clusters of villages can be settled in a homogenous area (ensuring physical proximity between the clusters)

LGED: • The total allocated funds for LGED Infrastructures of the CDSP III was received and

spent • To improve communication networks in the Char, LGED constructed roads, bridge,

culverts, cyclone shelters and ponds • Primary level education increased a lot because the cyclone shelters are operating as

schools/madrashas and there is remarkable improvement of the road communications • Women get equal opportunities like men in all the project activities under LGED • Strengths: Communication network improved, facilitating trade and commerce creation of

jobs; cyclone shelters are the centers for protection to people during natural disasters • Weaknesses: Future allocations for repair and maintenance not taken care of • Recommendations: Ensure allocations of funds for repairs and maintenance of the

project infrastructures in future DPHE: • The total allocated finds for DPHE Infrastructures of the CDSP III was received and

spent • Construction of pit latrines and DTWs were completed as per targets • According to the respondents incidence and prevalence of water borne diseases

currently have declined

57

• With the women, Tube Well User groups have been formed • Strengths: Coverage of safe drinking water has been ensured almost hundred percent;

People are increasingly using pit latrines and have abandoned open defecting practices, consequently diseases have declined substantially

• Weaknesses: There is no fund for repair and maintenance of the tube wells for which dysfunctional tubewells are hardly maintained

• Recommendations: Field level Water Management, NGO groups need to be more motivated to work for repair and maintenance of the infrastructures and components of CDSP III

DAE: • The total allocated funds for DPHE Infrastructures of the CDSP III was received and

spent • Supervision and monitoring was very intensive of the infrastructures and it was done

according fixed plan target • Farmers have been trained; demonstration fields mobilized and with all the agricultural

inputs, productions have accelerated; training also focused on income earning interventions, like poultry, kitchen gardening, seed storage, special training on vegetables fruits and grains

• In every intervention, participation of 25 to 30% women were ensured • Strengths: Overall agricultural yields in the char area have increased; quality of

production of grains have also increased; agriculture has been modernized • Weaknesses: Lack of monitoring the activities of the Farmers Groups; field depots are

absent for which supply of agricultural commodities to the farmers sometimes get obstructed

• Recommendation: Training of the farmers responsible for demonstration fields has to be a continuing practice; need to establish remote area agricultural centers (Depots)

• Also for other infrastructures for public use: embankments, canals, roods, bridges/culverts and cyclone shelters

Forest Department: • 60% respondents mentioned that funds received were not spent totally, funds were

refunded: funds allocated for growth of mangroves 200 ha could not be utilized; on 80 ha nothing could be completed; only on 85 ha dykes and mangroves on 35 ha completed

• On social forestry, participation of the women were ensured through labor contracting societies and the women discharged the functions of guarding and maintenance of the plantations

• Strengths: The vacant land of char is now full of trees; this protects the area from the onslaught of natural disasters; social forestry increased employment opportunities for the women who will entitled in future a profit up to 55% after the trees are full grown and felled

• Weaknesses: Land allocated for social forestry is under control of DCs and the Ministry Land as a result Forest Department can not prevent land occupations by the grabbers; no funds are allocated for maintenance of plantations

• Recommendations: Ensure additional funds for protection and maintenance of forests and strengthen local group involvement; launch motivational programs among the people and the groups to ensure protection of forests; coordination between BWDB, LGED and Forest Department need to be strengthened for future protection and maintenance of plantations on embankments and roads

58

Strengths and Functions Local Groups: • Members of Water Management Organizations (WMO) supervised the status of current

operational effectiveness and also the need for repairs and maintenance of embankments, Canals, Closures, Bridge, Culverts.

• Members of the Farmers Forums organize orientation programs on any new technological interventions being used for farming; and supervise and ensure maintenance of the Demonstration Plots; assist in the programs on poultry raising, kitchen gardening.

• Members of the Labor Contracting Societies (LCS) ensure supply of laborers for any developmental enterprises either for CDSP III of any other outside comparable activities.

• Members of the Social Forestry Groups (SFG) primarily ensure guarding and maintenance of the plantations on the embankments.

• Members of NGO-groups oversee the management and implementations of the micro credit system in the area; they also work for advancing education and health activities.

• Members of the Colony management committee(CMC) (Twin House Committee) supervise and ensure maintenance of all the establishments, such as tube wells, ponds (including fishing) status houses; and in addition also function as the authority for arbitration of any conflicts among the residents of the twin houses.

All these groups claimed they receive technical support through monitoring and supervision primarily by the field offices of CDSP III and BWDB. Weaknesses: About 10% of the members stated that in the initial stages of CDSP implementation problems were created by local robbers/pirates and land grabbers, which has been now eliminated. • There is no specific fund available through CDSP for continuing with the repair and

maintenance activities of the CDSP infrastructures and establishments. • The groups are functioning as loose association until they are formally registered under

the Cooperatives Act. • Supply of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers are often impeded due to absence of field

centers to connect the remote areas in time • Continuous training is a necessity to enhance the skills of the people on farming, but it is

not ascertained whether there is any future provision for the same • Continuation of NGO activities is uncertain • CDSP did not particularly planned or the project component specifically did not cover the

activities on health and education, which for development of the people now and in future is very vital

Project impact on other social development: Tortures on Women: Previously, 85% women were victims of family level tortures or tortures inflicted by robbers and pirates; this rate has now come down to 40% due to NGO orientation programs on community mobilization. Besides, the system evolved by CDSP on joint husband and wife ownership of the Khas Land empowered the women (wives), which impacted on reduction of family level conflicts. Situations of Early Marriages: prior to CDSP, early marriages were commencing approximately at 60%; and now it has declined to 40%; reasons are increased income opportunities of women; women empowerment through ownership of land; participation women as laborers in social forestry; launching of orientation programs by NGOs, which

59

raised the consciousness of the women on the values of education and benefits of good health including harmful effects of early marriages. Law and Order Situations: Previously, threats to security of property and life were a severe problem; the participants rated law and order status at previous situations existed at only 10% level. The perpetrators were the robbers, land grabbers and pirates. Now the law and order situation has improved to about 85% level; women as they were exposed to various sorts of crimes and violations, now they feel secure. Changes in occupational patterns: Another area which has impacted on development momentum is changes (major shifts) in the occupational patterns, such as Share croppers proportions have systematically declined during currently over the past among all three categories of male; on the contrary, farming on own land has increased currently over the past for all categories of respondents; and such changes have occurred in case of the Participants’ samples at a much higher proportions compared to two other respondents – part participants and non participants. Among the participants’ and part participants’ samples there are also substantial changes (increased currently) in petty business. Proportions of day laborers have declined among the participants samples currently, while it has slightly increased in case of non participants samples. Proportions of females being engaged in income earning activities within households and in the surroundings have increased in cases of all categories respondents. A binary logistic regression analysis has been done to measure the contributions of the project interventions on the major outcome variable: increased family income leading to poverty alleviation The theoretical logit (logistic) model is written as

+==−

= 1)1

ln( βii

ii Z

PP

L iX2β

Where the response (dependent) variable, L, is the log of the odds ratio, Xi are the predictors (the independent variables). In the present case, the response variable is whether the earning status of the respondents’ family has improved due to project interventions: increased trading and commerce; improved communication facilities (roads bridge, and culverts constructed; land for homestead available; land for farming available, educational status; income earning status; and main occupations. The response variable in this case is a binary (yes/no) or (0/1) variable and hence the name binary logistic regression analysis. The list of the independent variables is stated in the first column of the table below (Table No. 34). From the table we observe that all the independent variables are statistically highly significant except only two: increased trading and commerce and educational status of the respondents. The rest others which play a very significant role in explaining the earning status of the respondents’ family are: whether improved communication facilities (roads bridge, and culverts constructed; land for homestead available; land for farming available, income earning status; and main occupations. Neither the status of education nor the current status of trade and commerce seems to be too important in the present context. The p-values denote the level of significance of the individual independent variables. The smaller the p-values, the greater is the significance level of the pertinent variables.

60

A. The response (dependent) variable: Whether the earning status of the respondents’ family has improved due project interventions

Table 34: The logistic regression results for the dependent variable: Whether the

earning status of the respondents’ family has improved due to project interventions

Variables in the Equation 95.0% C.I.for EXP(B) Independent Variables B S.E. Wald df p-value Exp(B) Lower Upper Increased trading and commerce .014 .108 .017 1 .896 1.014 .821 1.253improved communication facilities (roads bridge, and culverts constructed) 2.132 .164 169.812 1 .000 8.434 6.120 11.623

Land for homestead available -.003 .001 9.318 1 .002 .997 .995 .999Land for farming available -.003 .001 4.731 1 .030 .997 .994 1.000Educational status of respondents .018 .020 .811 1 .368 1.018 .979 1.059Income earning status .854 .170 25.380 1 .000 2.350 1.685 3.276Main occupations of respondents -.184 .027 45.783 1 .000 .832 .788 .877

Constant -2.154 .398 29.290 1 .000 .116

B. The response (dependent) variable: Whether food production has increased due

to project interventions

The logistic regression results for this dependent variable have been mentioned in Table 35 below. We discern in this case that all the independent variables (the predictors) are highly statistically significant except the availability and use of demonstration plots (variable). The most significant predictors in this case are: whether any canal/khal dug/excavated for irrigation purposes, whether training on agricultural technologies and methods has been received by the farmers from DAE, and finally, whether any farmers’ association/groups exists in the project area. Whether any assistance on agriculture through demonstration plots has been received by the farmers from DAE does not seem to play any important role in the present context. Table 35: Logistic regression analysis for the dependent variable: Whether food production has increased due to project interventions

Variables in the Equation 95.0% C.I.for EXP(B)Independent variables

B S.E. Wald df Sig. Exp(B) Lower Upper Canal/khal dug/excavated for irrigation purposes .718 .091 62.397 1 .000 2.051 1.716 2.451

Availability and use of demonstration plots -.154 .208 .550 1 .458 .857 .570 1.288

Training on agricultural technologies and methods received by the farmers from DAE

.409 .235 3.033 1 .082 1.506 .950 2.386

Any farmers’ association/groups exists .515 .091 31.966 1 .000 1.674 1.400 2.001

Constant -3.447 .494 48.717 1 .000 .032

61

Conclusion: Sustainability of the Project Interventions and Their Use: The log logistic regression analyses above shows that the two outcome variables, such as increased family income and increased agricultural productions instrumental to alleviation of poverty in the project area have been contributed by the major project interventions and the findings are statistically highly significant. First and foremost demand of the people as they have experienced the initial fruits of development is the availability of electricity in the area; and such programs can be initiated through evolving of solar energy, a scope to be opened for individual households. Operations of full fledged agricultural office in the area is again very vital to ensure the momentum achieved already in the fields of agriculture both by CDSP and the local people. NGOs may be encouraged to continue their activities, particularly to keep the field level associations and groups are sustained, trained and motivated to pursue char development for a long term basis. Demonstration is considered as an effective valuable tool for extension of knowledge and dissemination of modern crop production technologies to the farmers. Consequently, it would be unwise to discontinue this tool. Study findings suggested for increasing number of demonstrations which will accelerate the dissemination of farmers need based appropriate technology; and in turn crop, production will be increased. DAE may need to modified training into more practical oriented and more female participated extending duration of the training period. Each group/Association has their own office structures at the field level. Every association has generated funds through self contributions and the money is used for maintenance and also for support (as loan) to individuals in times of need and crisis. Social Forestry group (each member) used to receive honoraria to the tune of Tk. 2000 per month; but this is suspended for last three months; even then the group continue to earn; deposits are still operating fulfilling their functional responsibilities. Many facilities are planned but are not yet completed, like deep tube wells and latrines, digging of canals and twin houses constructed but not allotted; these need to be completed. Establishment of Krishi bank in the area would create opportunities for agricultural loans. Area certainly need a post office; bus stands are needed, but one bus stand that has been established, this is not in use because buses do not yet ply in the area. Primary schools are being operated in the cyclone shelters, which is certainly a cause for development of the future generations, but there is demands for high schools and colleges. Ministries of Health and Education may be moved to establish respectively the community clinics and the Primary schools in the Boyer char. At pre project period of CDSP III (prior to 2005), the people living in the area faced difficulties and the livelihood there was arduous as most of the population was landless. Previously, health services were almost non existent in the area; when people faced great difficulties to travel and reach Health centers, resulting to fatalities. Currently, pharmacies are operating in the markets; NGOs render FP services, village doctors provide some health services. Besides, people can travel to clinics and hospitals due to improvements in the communication net work. Previously school attendance was hardly 10% by the eligible children; now it has increased to about 85% at the primary school level only. Besides, previously there was no trained teacher, but now there are trained teachers. Use of Khas Land, as affirmed by all the respondents is ensured through following interventions (outcome): construction of individual houses for residential purposes; construction of Twin Houses with priorities to land less families, particularly those living outside the embankments; for undertaking farming of paddy, vegetables, fruits, oil seeds and pea nuts; for digging ponds, and undertaking fishing and plantation of trees. Opening of job opportunities, for both men and women, particularly due to initiatives on social forestry and

62

acceleration of farm productions have been enhanced due to reduction of water salinity. Different training and motivational activities helped in mobilizing the char population as an homogenous people, who have resisted the tortures of pirates and the land grabbers; people have become more skilled on farming. Life and livelihood in Boyer Char (Project intervention) has become relatively much less arduous and people are increased income and are aspirant for further development and prosperity both among men and women. A project of the size of CDSP III, which have been implemented over a period of 65 months involving 5 ministries and six agencies should have been evaluated at mid term for a mid course modifications of the implementation interventions. Ultimately, future project (CDSP IV) must emphasize on creating functional linkages between local project induced associations and groups with the country’s regular local government institutions, i.e., the Union Parishad and Upazila Parishad. Besides, some of the farmers have started savings from their income (the excess income over expenditures observed in this study), and many of whom demanded operationalization of Krishi Bank which would be able to provide loan support to some of the affluent (relatively) farmers. Future budget and plans on CDSP need to ascertain inclusion of additional funds for repairs and maintenance and also provisions for establishment of regular Primary and High schools in the area (CDSP IV provided for land for schools). It is an imperative that to sustain the development process, which has already taken off in the area at a very base level though, both social and economic inputs and outcome must go hand in hand.

63

Reference 1. Standard Request For Proposal (RFP) for the Selection of “Consultant Services For Char

Development & Settlement Project-III” 2. RDPP for Char Development & Settlement Project-III (Ministry of Land, Water

Resources, LGED, DPHE, Forest Department, DAE) 3. A survey of rural livelihood and enterprise development opportunities in the Chars,

Bangladesh; August 2005; Saidhur Rahman and Junior Davis 4. COASTAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY; Water Resources Planning Organization;

February 2006 5. Bangladesh: Char Development and Settlement Project Design Completion Report

Appraisal; Main Report 6. Rural Enterprise Development (Red) Under The Market Infrastructure Development

Project In Charland Regions (Midpcr); February 2006 – September 2013 7. Impact of Char Development and Settlement Project on Improving the Livelihood of Char

Dwellers; Wameq Raza; Anindita Bhattacharjee; Narayan Chandra Das; January 2011 8. Cook T.D., Campbell D.T. Quasi-Experimentation Design & Analysis Issues for Field

Settings, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Dallas. Geneva, III. Hopewell, N.J. Palo Alto. London.

9. Campbell D. T., Stanley J.C. Experiment And Quasi-Experimental Designs For Research, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. Dallas. Geneva, III. Hopewell, N.J. Palo Alto. London, 1963.

10. Alberta Transportation, Culvert Barrel Measurements- Chapter 6, BIM: Bridge Inspection and Maintenance, January 31, 2004.

11. Population Census 2001, National Report (Provisional), Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, Planning Division, Ministry of Planning, July 2003.

12. Rossi P.H, Freeman H.E, Evaluation A Systematic Approach, Third Edition, SAGE Publications, Beverly Hills, London, New Delhi,1985.

13. Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2007, National Institute of Population Research and Training (NIPORT), Dhaka; Mitra and Associates, Dhaka-Bangladesh; Macro International, Calverton, Maryland, USA., March 2009.

14. Monitoring & Evaluation: Some Tools, Methods & Approaches, World Bank Operations Evaluation Department, Evaluation Capacity Development, OED, ECD, The World Bank, Washington DC.

15. National AIDS Councils, Monitoring and Evaluation Operations Manual, The World Bank, UNAIDS, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, August 2002.

16. Marie-Therese Feuerstein Partners in Evaluation, Evaluating Development and Community Programmes with Participants, Macmillan Publishers, 1986.

17. Health Futures in Bangladesh: Some Key Issues and Options, The World Bank. 18. Morse J.M, Qualitative Health Research, SAGE Publications, International Educational

and Professional Publisher, Newbury Park, London, New Delhi, 1992. 19. Mikkelsen B, Methods for Development Work and Research, A Guide for Practitioners,

SAGE Publications, International Educational and Professional Publisher, Newbury Park, London, New Delhi, 1995.

20. Maintaining Momentum to 2015? An Impact Evaluation of Interventions to Improve Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Outcomes in Bangladesh, January 13, 2004, Operation Evaluation Department, Document of the World Bank.

64

Appendix 1

65

Appendix –2: Pictures of Local Level Workshop, Dissemination Workshop and Observed of Project Components at Boyar Char

Female PRA Male PRA

Workshop at Boyar Char Dissemination Workshop Dissemination Workshop

Sluice gate

Tubewell Cyclone shelter Twine house

Twine house and pond Pit latrine Embankment

66

Appendix 3: Detailed Tables of Household Findings Table 1: Distribution of respondents by their status of allotment of land from the Government (Land Ministry): in %

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F M F

Yes 75 68 0 0 0 0 No 25 32 100 100 100 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 2: Distribution of respondents by status of earning income by utilizing land from farming: in %

Participants (n=1656) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F

Yes 73 74 1 0 No 27 26 99 100 Total 100 100 100 100

Table 3: Distribution of respondents by status of receiving twin house from the Government (Ministry of land): in %

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F M F

Yes 23 21 0 0 0 0 No 77 79 100 100 100 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 4: Distribution of respondents by status of cultivating fish in the pond around the twin house: in %

Participants (n=1656) Responses M F

Yes 61 78 No 39 22 Total 100 100

Table 5: Distribution of respondents by types of impact of public infrastructures for water distribution and management (by BWDS): in %

Participants (n=1656) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F

Increase crop production 48 54 0 0 Reduce salinity 60 35 0 0 Irrigated farm land 64 60 0 0

Multiple responses

Table 6: Distribution of respondents by status of community toilets in this area: in mean number

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F M F

Mean (number) 1 1 1 1 0 0 Status of use: Yes 100 98 97 98 0 0

Table 7: Distribution of respondents by status of financial gains earning (income) due to improvement of communication system: in %

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F M F

Yes 69 68 69 64 3 1 Table 8: Distribution of participants and non participant’s respondents received Demonstration from DAE: in%

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F M F

Yes 20 15 3 7 0 0 No 80 85 97 93 100 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

67

Table 9: Distribution of respondents of participants and non participants received agricultural training from DAE: in%

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Types of Training Received M F M F

Modern crop cultivation methods of HYV

55 15 45 5

Fertilizer management & intercultural operation

45 10 40 8

Group management 40 12 35 8 Vegetables production in homestead gardening

35 20 32 7

Pest and disease management 28 25 22 6 Post harvest & preservation of seeds 27 20 21 5 Tree plantation 21 12 14 8 Poultry rearing and management 20 12 10 8

Table 10: Distribution of Participants and non participants’ respondents’ opinion on food production before and after project implementation: in %

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Opinion M F M F M F

Yes 90 83 71 69 35 27 No 10 17 29 31 65 73 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 11: Per hectare rice yield during pre and post project period (before project 2005 and after project 2012)

Male Female Participants (n=1656) Part Participants

(n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380)

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104)

Non Participants (n=1380)

Responses

Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Before Current Mean yield / ha (m.ton)

1.53 4.50 1.45 4.30 1.50 2.40 1.55 4.10 1.52 3.80 1.45 2.35

Table 12: Distribution of respondents’ opinion on increase income after implementation of the project

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Opinion M F M F M F

Yes 85 77 79 85 45 47 No 15 23 21 15 55 53 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 13: Distribution of Respondent’s opinion on fish cultivation in their sweet water pond: in %

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Opinion M F M F M F

Yes 87 83 62 65 0 0 No 13 17 38 35 100 100 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100

Table 14: Distribution of respondents’ opinion on increase income from the received poultry: in %

Participants (n=1656) Part Participants (n=1104) Non Participants (n=1380) Responses M F M F M F

Yes 90 88 80 84 No 10 12 20 16 Total 100 100 100 100

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Appendix 4: Detailed Findings of PRA

Tankir Khal—2: n = about 900 families Tankir Khal—1 Male Female Male Female Participants: 15 males: Mean age: 48 Range 35 to 75 years; mean education: grade III

Participants: 13 Females: Mean age: 41 Range 26 to 65 years; mean education: grade IV (Average Female participants’ education is little higher but both males and females are below primary)

Participants: 15 males: Mean age: 50 Range 28 to 85 years; mean education: grade II

Participants: 12 Females: Mean age: 38 Range 25 to 55 years; mean education: grade II.

Average Length of stay in the Char: 7 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 6 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 6 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 6 to 10 years

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 3500

Current 2012: 20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

35%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 70% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

5%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 3000

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

15%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 4500

Current 2012: 70% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

5%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 12000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

90% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

8%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5500

Current 2012: 80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

2%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 30%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 50% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 12000

69

Male Female Male Female Family assets

• Cot: Previous: prior 2005: 6 Current: 2012: 12

• Radio Previous: prior 2005: 2

• Current: 2012 : 0 • TV:

Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 9

• Cattle: Cow/Buffalos : Previous: prior 2005: 9 Current: 2012: 12

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior 2005: 11 Current: 2012: 7

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005:

1 Current: 2012: 2

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 3

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 13

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

8 Current: 2012: 15

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 14

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 13

• Radio Previous: prior 2005: 9 Current: 2012 : 2

• TV: Previous: prior: 2005: 1 Current: 2012: 2

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 11

• Cattle: Cow/Buffalos : Previous: prior 2005: 7 Current: 2012: 12

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005:

9 Current: 2012: 3

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:

11 Current: 2012:11

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005:

2 Current: 2012:2

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:

2 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005:

3 Current: 2012: 5

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 3

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to

2005:0 Current: 2012: 10

• Savings : Previous: prior to

2005:0 Current: 2012:10

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:1

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 13

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005:

10 Current: 2012: 9

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior 2005: 6 Current: 2012: 9

• Radio Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012 : 0

• TV: Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 14

• Cattle: Cow/Buffalos : Previous: prior to

2005:6 Current: 2012: 12

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005:

8 Current: 2012: 6

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:0

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005:

2 Current: 2012:3

• Boat: Previous: prior to

2005:1 Current: 2012:1

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 8

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005:

1 Current: 2012: 2

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to

2005:0 Current: 2012: 15

• Savings : Previous: prior to

2005:0 Current: 2012:9

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:15

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:0

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 15

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012: 14

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior 2005: 7 Current: 2012: 12

• Radio Previous: prior 2005: 4 Current: 2012 : 0

• TV: Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 0

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 9

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to

2005:3 Current: 2012: 7

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005:

2 Current: 2012: 4

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:

2 Current: 2012:4

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005:

1 Current: 2012:1

• Boat: Previous: prior to

2005:2 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:4

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:1

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to

2005:0 Current: 2012: 6

• Savings : Previous: prior to

2005:0 Current: 2012:11

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:8

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012:3

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current: 2012: 12

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 4

70

Male Female Male Female Occupations

• Share croppers: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 10

Female: 0 • Cropping/farming in

unauthorized khas land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 25 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female; 0 • Farming in own land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 70 Female; 5

• Development Field Worker:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 2

• Day laborer: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 55 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 2

Female: 0 • Beggars:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 5 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Petty business: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 10 Female: 3 Current: 2012: Male: 15

Female: 3 • Fishermen; Previous:

prior to 2005: Male: 5 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 20

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitchen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 7

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 70

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 20 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 60

Female; 10 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 2

Female: 5 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 50 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 5 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty business:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 20 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 20 Female: 10

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 5 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 2 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 15

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitchen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 60

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 90 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 85

Female; 0 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 2 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 5 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 5 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty business:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 5 Female: 2

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 2

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male:2 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 88

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 20

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitchen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 3

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 88 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 85

Female; 0 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 2 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 7 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty business:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 5

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 2 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 2 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male:0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 99

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 20

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitchen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 8

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 70

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

71

Male Female Male Female Current: 2012: Male: 3

Female: 0 • Health worker: Previous:

prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Tailor: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 2 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Tailor: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Tailor: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 2 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 Current 2012: 3

• Attendance of students from the cluster

Previous: prior to 2005: 10%

Current 2012: 85% • Teachers’ Presence

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 3 trained teachers

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 Current 2012: 3

• Attendance of students from the cluster

Previous: prior to 2005: 10%

Current 2012: 85% • Teachers’ Presence

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 3 trained teachers

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 1

Current 2012: 1 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

45% Current 2012: 80%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

3 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 3 trained teachers

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 1

Current 2012: 1 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

45% Current 2012: 80%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

3 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 3 trained teachers

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (3KM), One Cyclone shelter; one dysfunctional community latrine and 2 functional latrines; 4km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 3km embankment for flood protection; markets; Primary school; community Ponds for PiscIculture (5); 30 tubewells functioning; one satellite clinic

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (3KM), One Cyclone shelter; one dysfunctional community latrine and 2 functional latrines; 4km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 3km embankment for flood protection; markets--2; Primary school--1; community Ponds for PiscIculture (5); 30 tubewells functioning; one satellite clinic

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (8.50KM), One Cyclone shelter; one dysfunctional community latrine and 2 functional latrines; 4km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 3km embankment for flood protection; markets--2; Madrasa--1; community Ponds for Pisciculture (3); 17 tubewells functioning; one satellite clinic; Rural road: (3KM); Twin house (4)

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (8.50KM), One Cyclone shelter; one dysfunctional community latrine and 2 functional latrines; 4km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 3km embankment for flood protection; markets--2; Madrasa--1; community Ponds for Pisciculture (3); 17 tubewells functioning; one satellite clinic; Rural road: (3KM); Twin house (4)

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 15 participants; Latrine 10 Participants; Saplings 13 participants; Poultry: 1 Participant

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 13 participants; Latrine 2 Participants; Saplings 3 participants; Twin house: 1; Tube wells: 4

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to 14 participants; Latrine 12 Participants; Saplings 13 participants; Tube wells:2 ; Water tank: 2 participants; Water filter: 1 participants; Agricultural instrument:2 participants;

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to 11 participants; Saplings 11 participants; Tube wells:1 ; Poultry: 1 Participant ;

Membership Status: 3 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 5 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); 1 Participant member of both WMA and FF; 6 participants are not members of any association or forums

Membership Status: 5 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 4 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); Forum of Production: 4;

Membership Status: 9 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 4 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); 1 Participant member of both WMA and FF; 1 participant is not members of any association or forums

Membership Status: 4 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 3 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); 5 participant is not members of any association or forums

72

Chairman Khal: n = about 900 families Chathal khal: n= about 800 families Male Female Male Female Participants: 15 males: Mean age: 47 Range 24 to 58 years; mean education: grade III

Participants: 14 Females: Mean age: 40 Range 25 to 60 years; mean education: grade III

Participants: 15 males: Mean age: 53 Range 38 to 70 years; mean education: grade IV

Participants: 15 Females: Mean age: 37 Range 22 to 40 years; mean education: grade II

Average Length of stay in the Char: 6 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 6 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 8 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 8 to 10 years

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

0: Current 2012: 20%: with

average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 15%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

18%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

2%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 30%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

90% with average monthly family income of Tk. 3500

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

8%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5500

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

2%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 30%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 3500

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

0 Current 2012: 10%: with

average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 9 Current: 2012: 15

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 0

• Current: 2012 : 2 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3 • Mobile Phone:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 13

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005: 8 Current: 2012: 14

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 7

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:9 Current: 2012:11

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:2 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005: 6 Current: 2012: 13

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 2 Current: 2012: 9

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 0

• Current: 2012 : 1 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 0

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 6

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005: 3 Current: 2012: 7

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 6

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:8 Current: 2012:9

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:0

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:2 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005: 3 Current: 2012: 9

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 5 Current: 2012: 15

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 3

• Current: 2012 : 3 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 0

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 13

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005: 6 Current: 2012: 11

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 2 Current: 2012: 7

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:2 Current: 2012:4

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005: 2 Current: 2012: 9

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 10

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 3

• Current: 2012 : 3 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:1

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 5

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:4

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005: 1 Current: 2012: 4

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

73

Male Female Male Female Current: 2012: 6

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to 2005: 1 Current: 2012: 14

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:14

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:15

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 15

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 12

Current: 2012: 7 • Pit toilet:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 12

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:14

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:12

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 12

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 12

Current: 2012: 6 • Pit toilet:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 14

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:15

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:13

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 15

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 12

Current: 2012:2 • Pit toilet:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 8

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:12

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:7

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:7

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 9

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 4

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 15 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 65 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 0 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 4

Female: 0 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 30 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 2

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 1

Female: 0 • Petty businesss:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 2 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male:10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 15 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 65 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 0 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 4

Female: 0 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 25 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 1

Female: 0 • Petty businesss:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 1 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male:10 Female:0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 60 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 5 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 2 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 30 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 2

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty businesss:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male:10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 60 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 5 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 2 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 30 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 2

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty businesss:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male:10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

74

Male Female Male Female Current: 2012: Male: 10

Female: 0 • Only Housewives

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 40

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 40

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 35

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 35

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 5

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 2 • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 2 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

10% Current 2012: 95%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 4 trained teachers (3 male and 1 female)

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 2 • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 2 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

10% Current 2012: 95%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 4 trained teachers (3 male and 1 female)

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 5 • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 0 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

10% Current 2012: 80%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 8 trained teachers (3 male and 5 female)

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 5 • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 0 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

10% Current 2012: 80%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 8 trained teachers (3 male and 5 female)

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (5KM), One Cyclone shelter; 1 functional community latrines; 3km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets (2); Primary school (2); community Ponds for PiscIculture (40); 40 tubewells functioning; one satellite clinic

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (2KM), One Cyclone shelter; 1 functional community latrines; 3km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets--2; Primary school--1; community Ponds for PiscIculture (40); 40 tubewells functioning; 2 satellite clinic

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (14KM); 3 functional community latrines; 6km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets--3; Primary school--5; community Ponds for PiscIculture (6); 35 tubewells functioning; 5 satellite clinic; culvert: 2

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (14KM); 3 functional community latrines; 6km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets--3; Primary school--5; community Ponds for PiscIculture (6); 35 tubewells functioning; 5 satellite clinic; culvert: 2

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 15 participants; Latrine 14 Participants; Saplings 12 participants; Tube wells:1 Participant; Training: 3 Participants

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 12 participants; Latrine 12 Participants; Saplings 10 participants; Do not get any facility: 1; Tube wells: 6

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 14 participants; Latrine 12 Participants; Saplings 8 participants; ; Tube wells: 3 Agricultural instrument:2 participants;

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 9 participants; Saplings 12 participants; ; Tube wells:1

75

Basumajir khal: n = about 850 families Hatiya khal: n= about 800 families Male Female Male Female Membership Status: 8 Participnts are members of Water Management Association WMA; 7 Participnts are members of Framers Forum (FF);

Membership Status: 6 Participnts are members of Water Management Association WMA; 4 Participnts are members of Framers Forum (FF); 4 participant is not members of any association or forums

Membership Status: 11 Participnts are members of Water Management Association WMA; 4 Participnts are members of Framers Forum (FF);

Membership Status: 2 Participnts are members of Water Management Association WMA; 8 Participnts are members of Framers Forum (FF); 2 participant is not members of any association or forums

Participants: 15 males: Mean age: 50 Range 37 to 60 years; mean education: grade III

Participants: 12 Females: Mean age: 38 Range 25 to 60 years; mean education: grade III

Participants: 15 males: Mean age: 25 Range 48 to 62 years; mean education: grade V

Participants: 12 Females: Mean age: 37 Range 22 to 40 years; mean education: grade III

Average Length of stay in the Char: 7 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 6 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 8 to 10 years

Average Length of stay in the Char: 8 to 10 years

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

70% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

30%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005: 0: Current 2012: 20%: with

average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 15%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

18%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

2%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 30%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 4000

Current 2012: 15%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

18%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 65% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

2%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 10,000

Current 2012: 30%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Comparative Economic Status of the people in the Cluster/Area:

• Hardcore Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

80% with average monthly family income of Tk. 3500

Current 2012: 10%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

• Poor Previous: prior to 2005:

20%: with average monthly family income of Tk. 5000

Current 2012: 60% with average monthly family income of Tk. 7000

• Non Poor Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 10%: with

average monthly family income of Tk. 15000

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005:11 Current: 2012: 15

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 4

• Current: 2012 : 2 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 1

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 14

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005:9 Current: 2012: 12

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 7 Current: 2012: 11

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:6 Current: 2012:7

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 2 Current: 2012: 9

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 0

• Current: 2012 : 1 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 0

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 6

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005: 3 Current: 2012: 7

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 6

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:8 Current: 2012:9

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:0

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 15

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 2

• Current: 2012 : 1 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 1

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 14

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005:8 Current: 2012: 12

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005:

10 Current: 2012: 6

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:8

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:9

Family assets • Cot:

Previous: prior to 2005: 4 Current: 2012: 10

• Radio Previous: prior to 2005: 3

• Current: 2012 : 3 • TV:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:1

• Mobile Phone: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 5

• Cattle: Cows/Buffalos : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3

• Cattle: goats and lambs: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 3

• Gold ornaments: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:4

• Sewing machine: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

76

Male Female Male Female • Boat:

Previous: prior to 2005:4 Current: 2012:2

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005:2 Current: 2012: 11

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 6

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 15

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:15

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:14

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:0

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 15

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 15

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:2 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005: 3 Current: 2012: 9

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 7

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 12

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:14

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:12

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: Current: 2012

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 12

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current: 2012: 12

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 9

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 6

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 13

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:14

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:13

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:1

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 15

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current: 2012: 14

• Boat: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012:0

• Rickshaw/Van/Cycle: Previous: prior to 2005: 1 Current: 2012: 4

• Tube Well: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:2

• Pit toilet: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012: 8

• Savings : Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:12

• Trees: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:7

• Twin house: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current: 2012:7

• House on own land: Previous: prior to 2005:0 Current: 2012: 9

• Farm land: Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current: 2012: 4 Occupations

• Share croppers: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 15

Female: 0 • Cropping/farming in

unauthorized khas land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 50 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female; 0 • Farming in own land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 80 Female; 0

• Development Field Worker:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Day laborer: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 30 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 20

Female: 5 • Beggars:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Petty businesses: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 2 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 5

Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 15 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 65 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 0 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 4

Female: 0 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 25 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 1

Female: 0 • Petty businesss:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 1 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 60 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 5 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 2 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 30 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 2

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty businesses:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

Occupations • Share croppers:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Cropping/farming in unauthorized khas land:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 60 Female 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female; 0

• Farming in own land: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 80

Female; 5 • Development Field

Worker: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 2 • Day laborer:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 30 Female: 5

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 2

• Beggars: Previous: prior to 2005:

Male: 0 Female: 0 Current: 2012: Male: 0

Female: 0 • Petty businesss:

Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 3 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

77

Male Female Male Female • Fishermen; Previous:

prior to 2005: Male:10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 45

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitchen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 2 Female: 1

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 5 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 40

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 0

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male:10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 35

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 5

• Fishermen; Previous: prior to 2005: Male:10 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Transport worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 10 Female: 0

• Only Housewives Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 90

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 35

• Engaged in Poultry raising/kitechen gardening/nursery Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 0 Female: 0

• Health worker: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male:0 Female: 0

• Teacher: Previous: prior to 2005: Male: 0 Female: 0

Current: 2012: Male: 3 Female: 5

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 3 • Madrasa:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0

Current 2012: 0 • Attendance of students

from the cluster Previous: prior to 2005:

10% Current 2012: 95%

• Teachers’ Presence Previous: prior to 2005:

1 Current 2012: 3 trained

teachers (2 male and 1 female)

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 2

• Madrasa: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 2

• Attendance of students from the cluster

Previous: prior to 2005: 10%

Current 2012: 95% • Teachers’ Presence

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 4 trained teachers (3 male and 1 female)

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 3

• Madrasa: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 0

• Attendance of students from the cluster

Previous: prior to 2005: 10%

Current 2012: 80% • Teachers’ Presence

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 2 trained teachers (1 male and 1 female)

Status of Educational institutions in the cluster • Primary school:

Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 5

• Madrasa: Previous: prior to 2005: 0 Current 2012: 0

• Attendance of students from the cluster

Previous: prior to 2005: 10%

Current 2012: 80% • Teachers’ Presence

Previous: prior to 2005: 1 teacher non trained recruited from the community

Current 2012: 2 trained teachers

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (7KM), One Cyclone shelter; 2 functional community latrines; 2km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets (2); Primary school (3); community Ponds for Pisciculture (60); 25 tube wells functioning; Two satellite clinic

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (2KM), One Cyclone shelter; 1 functional community latrines; 3km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets--2; Primary school--1; community Ponds for PiscIculture (40); 40 tubewells functioning; 2 satellite clinic

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (5KM); 3 functional community latrines; 6km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets--3; Primary school--3; community Ponds for PiscIculture (3); 40 tubewells functioning; 5 satellite clinic; culvert: 2

Facilities to community: Rehabilitated Inside the Embankment; Social Forestry (5KM); 3 functional community latrines; 6km road (pucca) connected with Upazila Road; 2km embankment for flood protection; markets--3; Primary school--3; community Ponds for PiscIculture (3); 40 tubewells functioning; 5 satellite clinic; culvert: 2

78

Male Female Male Female Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 15 participants; Latrine 11 Participants; Saplings 9 participants; Tube wells:1 Participant; Training: 7 Participants; Demonstration plot: 1 Participant.

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 12 participants; Latrine 12 Participants; Saplings 10 participants; Do not get any facility: 1; Tube wells: 6

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 15 participants; Latrine 13 Participants; Saplings 9 participants; ; Tube wells: 6 Agricultural instrument:2 participants;

Facilities to Individuals: Land allocated to all 9 participants; Saplings 12 participants; ; Tube wells:1

Membership Status: 6 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 7 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); 2 participant is not members of any association or forums

Membership Status: 6 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 4 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); 4 participant is not members of any association or forums

Membership Status: 8 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 7 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF);

Membership Status: 2 Participants are members of Water Management Association WMA; 3 Participants are members of Framers Forum (FF); 7 participant is not members of any association or forums

Table: Comparative Economic Status (Monthly Family Income) of the people in the Cluster/Area

Hardcore Poor Poor Non Poor Previous Current Previous Current Previous Current

Location and Gender

% Mean Tk

% Mean Tk

% Mean Tk

% Mean Tk

% Mean Tk % Mean Tk

Tankir Khal 1 male

90 4000 10 5000 8 5500 80 7000 2 10000 10 15000

Tankir Khal 1 Female

80 4000 30 5000 10 5000 50 7000 10 10000 20 12000

Tankir Khal 2 male

60 3500 20 5000 35 5000 70 7000 5 10000 10 15000

Tankir Khal 2 Female

80 3000 10 5000 15 4500 70 7000 5 10000 20 12000

Chairman Khal male

80 4000 20 5000 20 5000 60 7000 0 0 20 15000

Chairman Khal female

80 4000 15 5000 18 5000 60 7000 2 10000 25 15000

Chatahal Khal male

90 3500 10 5000 8 5500 60 7000 2 10000 30 15000

Chatahal Khal female

80 3500 10 5000 20 5000 60 7000 0 0 10 15000

79

Appendix 5: Data Collection Instruments

(Questionnaire & Giudeline in Bangla)

80

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

Respondent Selection Form at Household Level ‡Rjv: ........................................... ‡KvW bs: .......... Dc‡Rjv: ................................................. ‡KvW bs: ........... BDwbqb/IqvW©: ................................ ‡KvW bs: ......... †gŠRv/MÖvg: .......................................... ‡KvW bs: ......... 1. Lvbv cÖav‡bi bvg : .................................................................................................................................. 2. eqm : .............................. eQi 3. wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv: ............................ (m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk) 4. ‰eevwnK Ae¯’v: 1. weevwnZ 2. AweevwnZ 5. cwiev‡ii ‡gvU †jvKmsL¨vt .................................... Rb 6. cwiev‡ii Mo gvwmK Avq: ....................................UvKv 7. cwiev‡ii gvwmK e¨q : ....................................UvKv 8. DIi`vZv/ DËi`vÎx ‡hme myweav ‡c‡q‡Q Zvi Dci wfwË K‡i aib wPwýZ Ki“Y| (DIi`vZv/ DËi`vÎx wK wK myweav ‡c‡q‡Q Zv wR‡Ám

Ki“Y Ges wb‡gœ Zv D‡j−‡Li wfwˇZ aiY Abyhvqx DIi`vZv/ DËi`vÎx mbv³ Ki“b Ges ZvwjKv ‰Zix Ki“Y)|

K. Lvm Rwg L. UzBb nvDR M. wcU Uq‡jU N. Mfxi bjK~c

O. K…wl cb¨ mvi/exR

P. K…wl cÖwk¶Y/ cÖ k©bx

Q.mvgvwRK ebvqb

R. grm¨ Pvl DcKib

S.Abvb¨ D‡j−L Ki“b: ........

‡KvW ‡KvW ‡KvW ‡KvW ‡KvW ‡KvW ‡KvW ‡KvW 4. Lvm Rwg

†c‡q‡Qb Ges Rwg wbR `L‡j

K…wl Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Qb|

3. Lvm Rwg †c‡q‡Qb Ges Rwg wbR `L‡j Av‡Q Z‡e K…wl Kv‡R e¨envi Ki‡Qb bv|

2. Lvm Rwg †c‡q‡Q wKš‘

Rwg wbR `L‡j bvB|

1. Lvm Rwg cvq bvB|

0. ev¯ÍevwqZ cÖKí n‡Z G‡Kev‡iB

myweav cvq bvB|

‡KvW: 3. myweav †c‡q‡Qb ev DcKiY †c‡q‡Qb | 2.e¨envi Ki‡Qb| 1. ‡c‡q‡Q wKš‘ e¨envi Ki‡Qb bv| 0.cvqwb|

dig-1

81

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development &

Settlement Project-III

Lvbv Rwic cÖkœgvjv cª‡R± m¨v¤ú‡ji Rb¨: †h BDwbq‡b cÖK‡íi AvIZvq 6wU ms¯’vi (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb

Awa`ßi) gva¨‡g Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q

‡Km bs: f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cyb:Lbb, cqtwb¯‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cybtLbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K›`ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv | Avgiv G g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi g~j¨evb gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G‡mwQ|

G cÖm‡½ Avcwb Avcbvi g~j¨evb e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GB M‡elYvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi gZvgZ ïay gvÎ M‡elYvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡e hv Avcbvi GjvKvi Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi †`qv Z_¨ m¤ú~Y© ‡Mvcb ivLv n‡e| Avcbvi AbygwZ †c‡j Avwg mv¶vrKvi ïi“ Ki‡Z cvwi|

wefvM :..................................... ‡KvW bs:.............. †Rjv:..................... †KvW bs:................... Dc‡Rjv:................................. †KvW bs:............. BDwbqb:.................. †KvW bs:................... MÖvg:..................................... WvKNi: ............................................ †KvW bs: .............................. DËi`vZv/`vÎxi aib: 1. cyi“l 2. gwnjv

mv¶vrKvi MÖnYKvixi bvg : ................................................. mv¶vrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL: ...................................... mycvifvBRv‡ii bvg : ................................................. ZvwiL: .......................................................... mv¶vrKvi MÖnY: ïi“i mgq : ............................................. ‡kl mgq: .....................................................

dig-2

82

K. Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae ’v:

DËi`vZv DËi`vÎx 1. cwiev‡ii cÖavb Dc©vRbKvixi bvg

2. ¯vgx/ ¿x bvg 3. eqm ..............................eQi .............................eQi

4. ^vgx/ ¿x eqm ..............................eQi .............................eQi 5. wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv ......................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk) ........................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk)

6. ^vgx/ ¿xi wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv ......................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk) ........................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk) 7. ‰eevwnK Ae ’v (†KvW)

8. RxweZ mš—vb msL¨v 9. cwiev‡ii †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v

‡KvW: 1. weevwnZ 2. AweevwnZ 3. weaev 4. ZvjvKcÖvß 5. c„_K

cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b 10. DËi`vZv/`vÎxi cÖavb †ckv (†KvW)

11. ¯^vgx/ ¿x/ cÖavb †ckv (†KvW) 1. K…wl (A‡b¨i Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i) 2.K…wl (wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i) 3. grm¨ Pvlx 4. wi·v PvjK 5. ¶z ª e¨emv 6. PvKzix 7. M„wnYx 8. †eKvi 9. w`bgRyi 10. wf¶ve„wË 11. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b) ........................... 12. DËi`vZv/DËi`vÎxi †gvU gvwmK Avq :

K. cÖKí c~e© L. eZ©gv‡b †gvU gvwmK Avq : .............................. UvKv †gvU gvwmK Avq : .............................. UvKv

13. cwiev‡ii †gvU gvwmK Avq :

K. cÖKí c~e© L. eZ©gv‡b †gvU gvwmK Avq : .............................. UvKv †gvU gvwmK Avq : .............................. UvKv

14. cwiev‡ii †gvU gvwmK e¨q :

K. cÖKí c~e© L. eZ©gv‡b †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv

15. AbyMÖn K‡i mvaviY mg‡q I Afv‡ei mg‡q Avcbvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv wK ai‡bi Lvevi †L‡q _v‡Kb Zv D‡j−L Ki“b:

K. mvaviY mgq:

Lvev‡ii weeiY Kq‡ejv Lvb

L. Afv‡ei mgq:

Lvev‡ii weeiY Kq‡ejv Lvb

16. MZ wZb w`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv wb‡gœ D‡j −L Ki“b:

w`b KZevi †L‡q‡Qb Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq wK wK Lvevi wQj (†KvW) 1g w`b 2q w`b 3q w`b

†KvW:1. fvZ 2. i“wU 3. wgwó Avjy 4. kvK mwâ 5. Wvj 6. gvQ 7.ïUwK 8. wWg 9. gvsm 10.`ya ev `y‡ai ˆZix Lvevi 11. kvcjv/kvjyK/KPz kvK 13.Kjv 14.†`kxq dj 15. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −L Ki“b) ............. 17. cÖKíc~e© I cÖKí cieZ©x mgq (eZ©gv‡b) wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨¸‡jv Avcbvi wQj?

K. cÖKí c~e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 1. ‡PŠwK/LvU 1. †PŠwK/LvU

2. ‡Pqvi/†Uwej 2. ‡Pqvi/†Uwej 3. Avjgvwi 3. Avjgvwi

83

K. cÖKí c~e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 4. Now 4. Nwo

5. ‡iwWI 5. ‡iwWI 6. ‡gvevBj/†Uwj‡dvb 6. ‡gvevBj/†Uwj‡dvb

7. wUwf 7. wUwf

K. cÖKí c~e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 8. nuvm-gyiMx 8. nuvm-gyiMx 9. Mi“/gwnl 9. Mi“/gwnl 10. QvMj 10. QvMj

K. cÖKí c~e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 11. ‡mjvB †gwkb 11. ‡mjvB †gwkb 12. ^Y©vjsKvi fwi: .............. 12. ^Y©vjsKvi fwi: ..............

13. mvB‡Kj/wi·v/f¨vb 13. mvB‡Kj/wi·v/f¨vb 14. gUi mvB‡Kj 14. gUi mvB‡Kj 15. we y r ms‡hvM †fvë .............. 15. we`y r ms‡hvM †fvë .............. 16. wUDeI‡qj 16. wUDeI‡qj

17. ¯^v ’¨ m¤§Z j¨vwUªb 17. ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z j¨vwUªb 18. wbR evox‡Z cyKzi kZvsk .............. 18. wbR evox‡Z cyKzi kZvsk ..............

19.Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b)......... 19.Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b)............

18. Avcwb †Kvb Mªyc ev `‡ji m`m¨ wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j wbgœ wjwLZ cÖkœmg~‡n DIi w`b:

‡Kvb Mªyc Gi m`m¨? c`ex wK K‡e †_‡K m`m¨ n‡q‡Qb ?

MÖ“‡c Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ wK wK? cÖKí n‡Z wK wK †c‡q‡Qb?

1. Water Management Organizations (WMO)

2. Social Forestry Groups(SFG) 3. Farmer Forums

4. Labour Contracting Socities (LCS) 5. NGO-groups

6. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó Ki“b).............

‡mKkb-1: f~wg I emZwfUv welqK Z_¨

19. Avcbvi wbR ^ emZ wfUv Av‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, emZ wfUvi Rwgi cwigvY:

cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b .........................kZvsk .........................kZvsk

20. Avcbvi wbR¯^ Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg Av‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY:

cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY: ....................kZvsk Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY: ....................kZvsk

21. Rwgi gvwjKvbv : c −U Rwgi cwigvY gvwjKvbv

(†KvW) Rwgi Ae ’vb

(†KvW) e‡›`ve‡¯Íi aib

(†KvW) eM©v n‡j Rwgi gvwj‡Ki evox

(†KvW)

gvwjKvbvi (†KvW): 1.wbR ^ Rwg 2.evMv /KwW evMv 3. †invb /eÜK 4. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −L Ki“b) ............. Rwgi Ae¯’vb †KvW : 1. ‡cvìvi Gi wfZi 2. ‡cvìvi Gi evwn‡i 3. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −L Ki“b) .............

e‡›`ve‡¯Íi aib †KvW: 1. CDSP-lll Gi e‡›`ve¯Í Rwg 2. Ab¨vb¨ miKvix e‡›`ve¯Í Rwg 3. wb‡Ri/ ‰cZ…K 4. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −L Ki“b) ............. Rwgi gvwj‡Ki evox †KvW : 1. ‡cvìvi Gi wfZi 2. ‡cvìvi Gi evwn‡i 3. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −L Ki“b) .............

22. Avcwb wK miKv‡ii (f~wg gš¿Yvjq) c¶ †_‡K †Kvb Rwg eivÏ †c‡q‡Qb? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wK cwigvY Rwg †c‡q‡Qb? ......................... kZvsk L. G Rwg GLbI Avcbvi gvwjKvbvq Av‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv M. bv n‡j, Rwg Kvi Kv‡Q n¯ÍvšÍi K‡i‡Qb? .............................................................................................................................. N. Avcbvi gvwjKvbvq RwgwU _vK‡j wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Qb? (we‡kl K‡i hw` K„wlKv‡R e¨envi nq, Z‡e wK Pvl K‡ib Zvi we¯ÍvwiZ weeiY wb‡Z n‡e).............................................................................................................................................. O. RwgwU cvIqvi ci Avcbvi A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRKfv‡e DbœwZ n‡q‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv

84

P. Rwg K„wlKv‡R jvwM‡q Dc©vRb n‡”Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv Q nu v n‡j, eQ‡i dmj weµq K‡i M‡o KZ UvKv DcvR©b K‡i‡Qb? ..................................................UvKv (AvbygvwbK) 23. cÖ‡Z¨K cwievi Gi KvQ †_‡K Lvm Rwg e‡›`ve¯Í (f~wg gš¿Yvjq †_‡K cÖv&ß)`wjjwU msMÖn K‡i Ges Zv ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wbgœwjwLZ

Z_¨¸‡jv wjwce× Ki“b: K. RwgwU Kvi Kvi bv‡g cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q: 1. ............................................ 2. ...................................................... L. wK cwigvY Rwg cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q: .................................................. kZvsk /weNv/ GKi/†n±i M. †Kvb Zvwi†L cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q: w`b.......gvm...........eQi.............. N. ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb RwgwU cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb: .................................................. O. RwgwUi †Kvb g~j¨ aiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv P. n¨uv n‡j KZ UvKv aiv n‡q‡Q? ...........................................UvKv 24. Avcwb wK miKv‡ii (f~wg gš¿Yvjq) c¶ †_‡K †Kvb UzBb nvDR †c‡q‡Qb? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, K‡e GB Ni ‡c‡q‡Qb? ......................... mb L. K‡e †_‡K wb‡R emevm Kiv ïi“ K‡i‡Qb? ......................... mb M. NiwU †c‡Z †K Avcbv‡K mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb? ........................................................................................................................ N. UzBb nvD‡R KqwU K‡i Ni _v‡K? .................................... wU 25. emZ N‡ii aiY:

weeiY c~‡e© (Dcv`vb †KvW) eZ©gv‡b (Dcv`vb †KvW) †`qvj ‡g‡S

Pvj/Qv` ‡KvW- 1. gvwU 2. euvk 3. cvUKvwV/cvZv RvZxq 4. BU 5. wUb 6. cwjw_b 7. KvV 8. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −&L Ki“b) .............

26. UzBb nvDR wU cvIqvi ci Avcbvi A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRKfv‡e DbœwZ n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK DbœwZ n‡q‡Q/ jvfevb n‡q‡Qb? ...................................................................................................................... 27. UzBb nvD‡Ri mvg‡b cyKzi Av‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl K‡ib wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv L. cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl wKfv‡e K‡ib? 1. GKKfv‡e 2. ‡hŠ_fv‡e M. cyKz‡i gvQ Pvl †_‡K †Kvb A_© DcvR©b nq wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv

‡mKkb-2: wb®‹vkb (‡Wª‡bR) e¨e¯’v, eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY, jeYv³Zv welqK Z_¨

28. Avcbvi GjvKvq wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi K_v D‡j −L Kiyb:

cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b

K. miKvixfv‡e (BWDB KZ©„K) Avcbvi GjvKvq wb®‹vkb (‡Wª‡bR) e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv L. nu v n‡j, Kvh©µg ¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© ejyb: .................................................................................................................................... 29. ’vbxqfv‡e Lvj Lbb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. Lvj Lb‡bi d‡j K…wl‡Z wK cÖfve c‡o‡Q? ............................................................................................................................ L. Lvj Lb‡bi d‡j wK wK Amyweav n‡q‡Q? ................................................................................................................................ M. e„wói cvwb R‡g _v‡K wK? 1. nu v 2. bv N. nu v n‡j, KZw`b? .............................................. w`b 30. miKvixfv‡e (BWDB) Avcbvi GjvKvq jebv³Zv ~ixKi‡Y c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, Avcbvi GjvKvq Rwg‡Z Ges cvwb‡Z jebv³Zv `~ixKi‡Y wK wK c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q?................................................... 31. ¯ −yBm wbg©vY Gi d‡j GjvKvq wK wK DbœwZ n‡q‡Q?

............................................................................................................... K. −yBm wbg©vY Gi d‡j wK wK Amyweav n‡q‡Q? .......................................................................................................................... 32. Avcbvi GjvKvq eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua (†eox euva) Av‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv 33. ‡eox euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j GjvKvq wK wK DbœwZ n‡q‡Q?

........................................................................................................... K. nu¨v n‡j, ‡eox euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j wK wK Amyweav n‡q‡Q? ............................................................................................................ 34. Avcbvi GjvKvq Rwg‡Z wb®‹vkb (‡Wª‡bR) e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Kivq Avcbvi wK A_©‡bwZKfv‡e Dc©vRb e„w× n‡q‡Q ? 1. nu v 2. bv

‡mKkb-3: K…wl welqK Z_¨

85

35. K…wlcY¨ Drcv`b e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb miKvixfv‡e (DAE) KZ…©K †Kvb cÖ k©bx (Demonstration) †c‡qwQ‡jb wKbv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Avcwb †Kvb k‡m¨i cÖ k©bx (Demonstration) †c‡qwQ‡jb? ..................................................................................... 36. Avcbv‡K wK wK †`Iqv n‡q‡Q?

bvg cwigvY 1. bM` UvKv

2. mvi 3. exR

37. miKvixfv‡e (DAE) KZ…©K K…wl welqK cªwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wK wK wel‡q cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb? ............................................................................................................................. 38. ‡gvU KZwU cªwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb? ..........................wU 39. Avcbvi †KvbI Rwg cÖ k©bxi dmj Drcv`‡b e¨envi Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, cÖ k©bxi Rwgi cwigvY KZ? ................................................kZvsk L. cÖ k©bxi Rwg‡Z djb wKfv‡e Ki‡Qb? ............................................................................................................................... 40. cÖKí ev¯—evq‡bi d‡j c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b Lv`¨ Drcv`b †e‡o‡Q wK? 1. n uv 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, cÖwZ weNvq wK cwigvb †e‡o‡Q? c~‡e© t cÖwZ weNvq ...........................gY n‡Zv eZ©gv‡b t cÖwZ weNvq ...........................gY nq

41. cÖKí ev —evq‡bi d‡j c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b gb cÖwZ av‡bi g~j¨ †e‡o‡Q wK? 1. n¨uv 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, gb cÖwZ av‡bi g~j¨ KZ †e‡o‡Q? c~‡e© t cÖwZ gb ...........................UvKv wQj eZ©gv‡b t cÖwZ gb ...........................UvKv 42. Gi d‡j Avcbvi DcvR©b †e‡o‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, K…wl †_‡K Avcbvi evrmwiK Mo Avq ejyb: ......................................UvKv (AvbygvwbK) 43. Pi GjvKvi K…wl Dbœq‡bi wewfbœ Kvh©µ‡gi d‡j wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

.......................................................... 44. Avcbvi GjvKvq K…wl Dbœqb e„w×i Rb¨ miKvi KZ…©K M„nxZ Kvh©µ‡gi K_v D‡j −L Kiyb:

K. cÖKí c~e© L. eZ©gv‡b

45. Avcbv‡`i GjvKvq †Kvb K…lK `j MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv 46. Avcwb †Kvb K…lK `j Gi m`m¨ wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Avcbvi K…lK `j Gi bvg wK? ............................................................................................................................ L. Avcbvi K…lK `‡j †gvU KZRb m`m¨ ? ................................Rb M. Avcbvi K…lK `j wK wK KvR K‡i? ................................................................................................................................. N. cÖKí mgvß nevi ci Gi Kvh©µg eZ©gv‡b wKfv‡e Pj‡Q? .................................................................................................... 47. Avcbvi wgVv cvwbi cyKzi Av‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wgVv cvwbi cyKzi Avcwb wbR Li‡P K‡i‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv L. bv n‡j, †K/Kviv Avcbv‡K wgVv cvwbi cyKzi ˆZix K‡i w`‡q‡Qb?............................................................................................... 48. wgVv cvwbi cyKy‡i gvQ Pvl Kiv nq wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, cyKy‡i gvQ Pvl K‡i DcvR©b †e‡o‡Q wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv 49. Avcwb miKvixfv‡e nuvm-gyiMx †c‡q‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. †c‡q _vK‡j, Zv e¨envi K‡i DcvR©b †e‡o‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

‡mKkb-4: wbivc` cvwbi Drm I Zvi e¨envi Ges cq:wb®‹vmb welqK Z_¨

50. wbivc` cvwb ej‡Z Avcwb wK ‡ev‡Sb?

1. RxevYywenxb cvwb/ jeYgy³ cvwb 2. Av‡m©wbK gy³ cvwb 3. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b)..............................................................

51. cvb Kiv I evoxi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ‡Kv_vKvi cvwb e¨envi Kiv wbivc` e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

1. wUDeI‡qj 2. wis I‡qj (DbœZ Kzqv) 3. cyKzi 4. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b) ...................................................................................

52. miKvixfv‡e (DPHE) Avcbvi evwo‡Z Mfxi bjK~c w`‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

86

K. nu v n‡j, Avcbvi evwo‡Z bjK~c ’vcb Kivq wK wK myweav n‡q‡Q? .......................................................................................... 53. Avcbv‡`i MÖv‡g wbivc` cvwbi wK wK Drm Av‡Q ? (cÖK‡íi c~‡e© Ges eZ©gv‡b Z_¨)

L. msL¨v N. e¨enviKvix cwiev‡ii msL¨v

K. cvwbi Dr†mi bvg

cÖK‡íi c~‡e©

eZ©gv‡b

M. eZ©gv‡b Pvjy / e¨envwiZ msL¨v

cÖK‡íi c~‡e© eZ©gv‡b

O. Gi g‡a¨ †KvbUv Avcbvi cwievi †ekxi fvM mg‡q e¨envi K‡i _v‡K

P. e¨envi msµvšÍ †Kvb mgm¨v Av‡Q wKbv?

1.Mfxi bjK~c 2. wis I‡qj (DbœZ Kzqv) 3. cyKzi

54. miKvixfv‡e (DPHE) Avcbvi evwo‡Z wcU Uq‡jU wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wcU Uq‡jU e¨envi K‡ib wK? 1. nu v 2. bv L. eZ©gv‡b Avcbvi wcU Uq‡jUwU e¨envi Dc‡hvMx wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv M. bv n‡j, †Kb e¨envi Dc‡hvMx bv? ................................................................................................................................ N. Avcbvi KwgDwbwU‡Z/ wfIGm G KqwU wcU Uq‡jU Av‡Q? ......................... wU O. eZ©gv‡b Uq‡jU¸‡jv e¨envi Kiv nq wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv P. bv n‡j, †Kb e¨envi Kiv nq bv? ....................................................................................................................................

‡mKkb-5: mvgvwRK ebvqb I Zvi e¨envi welqK Z_¨ 55. cÖvK…wZK `y‡h©v‡Mi Kej †_‡K DcK~jxq A‡ji Awaevmx‡`i RvbÑgvj i¶vi Rb¨ wbivc` †Kvb e¨e ’v Avcbvi GjvKvq Av‡Q wK?

1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Kviv GB Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q?

...................................................................................................................... 56. Avcbvi GjvKvq g¨vb‡Mªvf ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Kviv GB Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q? .................................................................................................................. 57. iv¯Ívi cv‡k I evua GjvKvq ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Kviv GB Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q?

....................................................................................................................... 58. ebvqb ˆZixi mgq Avcbv‡K Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wK ai‡bi Kv‡R m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb? ........................................................................................................................ 59. Avcbvi evox‡Z Avcwb wK wK MvQ jvwM‡q‡Qb? .............................................................................................................. K. evox‡Z MvQ jvwM‡q A_©‰bwZK mdjZv †c‡q‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv L. nu¨v n‡j, Avcbvi DcvR©b e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv M. nu v n‡j, MvQ †_‡K Avcbvi evrmwiK Mo Avq ejyb: ......................................UvKv (AvbygvwbK) 60. mvgvwRK ebvqb Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb nevi Kvi‡Y GjvKvevmxi Av_©-mvgvwRK wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q

?...................................................

‡mKkb-6: ‡hvMv‡hvM Kvh©µg welqK Z_¨

61. Avcbvi GjvKvq wK bZzb iv¯Ív-NvU, eªxR-KvjfvU© wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, Kviv iv¯Ív-NvU , eªxR- KvjfvU© wbg©vY ev †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb

K‡i‡Q?...................................................................... 62. iv¯Ív-NvU , eªxR- KvjfvU© ˆZixi Kvi‡b cÖKí c~e© I eZ©gvb Ae ’v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ejyb: (‡KvW e¨envi Ki“b)

K. cÖKí c~e© ‡KvW L. eZ©gv‡b ‡KvW M. Avcwb wb‡R ‡Kb e¨envi K‡ib? 1. iv¯Ív-NvU 1. iv¯Ív-NvU

2. eªxR- KvjfvU© 2. eªxR- KvjfvU© 3. nvUÑevRvi 3. nvUÑevRvi

4. evwYwR¨K e¨e¯’v 4. evwYwR¨K e¨e¯’v 1. Lvivc 2. ‡gvUvgywU fvj 3. Lye fvj

63. ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi d‡j Avcbvi DcvR©‡bi †Kvb e¨e¯’v n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, DcvR©‡bi †¶Î m¤ú‡K© ejyb?

............................................................................................................................. 64. cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq †Kvb N~wY©So Avkªq †K›`ª ‰Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n uv n‡j, N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª ¸‡jv ch©vß wK? 1. nu v 2. bv L. Kviv N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª ¸‡jv wbg©vY K‡i‡Q?

......................................................................................................................

87

M. Avcbvi GjvKvq †gvU KZwU N~wY©So Avkªq †K›`ª Av‡Q? .................wU N. y‡h©vM cieZ©x mg‡q N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª ¸‡jv wK Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq?

................................................................................... O. Avcwb wb‡R Ges Avcbvi cwiev‡i m`m¨iv KLbI N~wY©So Avkªq †K›`ª e¨envi K‡i‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv Q. N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª ¸‡jv‡Z GKmv‡_ KZRb †jv‡Ki Rb¨ RvqMv nq? ................. Rb R. N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª e¨env‡i †Kvb Amyweav n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv S. n¨uv n‡j, wK ai‡bi Amyweav n‡q‡Q? ................................................................................................................................. 65. iv¯Ív-NvU, eªxR-KvjfvU©, Avkªq †K›`ª ˆZixi d‡j DcK~jxq Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx n‡q Avcbvi RxebhvÎvi wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j

Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ...........................................................................................................................................................

‡mKkb-7: cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ I wk¶v welqK Z_¨

66. Avcwb Rv‡bb wK, cvwbi gva¨‡g wK wK †ivM Qovq?

1. Wvqwiqv 2. K‡jiv

3. UvBd‡qW 4. c¨vivUvBd‡qW

5. Avgvkq 6. K…wg 7. RwÊm

8. PzjKvwb/†LvumcvPov

9. Rvwbbv 10. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b) ..................................

67. Avcbvi GjvKvq mvaviYZ wK wK cvwbevwnZ †ivM n‡q _v‡K?

3. Wvqwiqv 4. K‡jiv

3. UvBd‡qW 4. c¨vivUvBd‡qW

5. Avgvkq 6. K…wg 7. RwÊm

8. PzjKvwb/†LvumcvPov

9. Rvwbbv 10. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b) ..................................

68. Lvbvq MZ GK eQ‡ii g‡a¨ †ivMe¨vwa m¤úwK©Z we¯—vwiZ Z_¨: (GKRb e¨w³i GKvwaK †ivM n‡j, cÖ‡Z¨K †iv‡Mi ‡¶‡Î e¨w³i bvg I cÖwZwU †iv‡Mi we —vwiZ weeiY c„_K c„_Kfv‡e wjwce× Ki“b)

bvg AmyL/ †ivM

MZ 1eQ‡i KZevi

MZ 1eQ‡i KZw`b Amy¯’ wQ‡jb? (w`‡b)

Amy¯’ _vKvi Rb¨ †gvU KZw`b KvR Ki‡Z cv‡iwb ev

¯‹z‡j †h‡Z cv‡iwb?

wPwKrmv †bqv n‡qwQj wKbv? (1. nu v/2.bv)

Amy ’Zvi Rb¨ kvixwiK †Kvb

weKjv½Zv Av‡Q wKbv? (1.nu¨v/2.bv)

K. eq¯‹ gwnjv‡`i bvg L. eq¯‹ cyi“l‡`i bvg M. ‡Q‡j wkïi bvg (0-14eQi)

N. ‡g‡q wkïi bvg (0-14eQi)

‡iv‡Mi bv‡gi †KvW: 1. Wvqwiqv; 2. K‡jiv; 3. UvBd‡qW; 4. c¨vivUvBd‡qW; 5. Avgvkq; 6. K…wg; 7. RwÊm; 8. PzjKvwb/ †LvumcvPov; 9. ‡Kvb †ivM nqwb; 10. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó Ki“b) ...............

69. c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖ‡Kvc K‡g‡Q wK (cªKí ïi“i Av‡Mi †P‡q)?

‡iv‡Mi bvg MZ 1 eQ‡i MZ 3 eQ‡i 1. K‡g‡Q 2. ‡e‡o‡Q 3. GKB iKg Av‡Q 1. K‡g‡Q 2. ‡e‡o‡Q 3. GKB iKg Av‡Q

1. Wvqwiqv 2. K‡jiv 3. UvBd‡qW

4. c¨vivUvBd‡qW 5. Avgvkq

88

6. K…wg 7. RwÊm

8. PzjKvwb/†LvumcvPov 70. cÖKí ev¯—evq‡bi c‡i Avcbvi GjvKvq RbM‡Yi Kg©¶gZv †e‡o‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, Kg©¶gZv evovi KviY¸‡jv wK wK? 1. Amy ’Zvi cÖ‡Kvc K‡g †M‡Q 2. Mo ¯v‡¯’ i DbœwZ n‡q‡Q 3. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b) ............................... 71. cÖv_wgK ¯v¯’¨ †mev †bevi Rb¨ Avcwb I Avcbvi cwiev‡ii m`m¨iv ‡Kv_vq hvb?

1. m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK 3. GbwRI wK¬wbK 2. miKvix nvmcvZvj 4. cÖvB‡fU wK¬wbK

5. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó Ki“b) .............................................................................................................. 72. cÖv_wgK ¯v¯’ †mev wK Kg Li‡P Avcbv‡`i nv‡Zi bvMv‡j Av‡Q? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, ‡Kb bvB? ..................................................................................................................................................... L. ^v ’ †mev mnRjf¨ Kivi Rb¨ wK wK c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv DwPZ? ..............................................................................................

M. Avcbv‡`i GjvKvq ^v ’ †mev Dbœqb G wK wK Kiv DwPZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ........................................................................ 73. Avcbvi GjvKvq KqwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Av‡Q? .........................................wU 74. cwiev‡i mšÍvb‡`i wk¶v m¤úwK©Z we —vwiZ Z_¨:

1. cÖKí c~e© ‡Q‡j ‡g‡q K. Avcbvi cwiev‡i we`¨vjq hvIqvi ‡hvM¨ KZRb wQj? L. Zvig‡a¨ KZRb we`¨vjq †hZ/ wM‡qwQj?

2. eZ©gv‡b ‡Q‡j ‡g‡q K. Avcbvi cwiev‡i we`¨vjq hvIqvi ‡hvM¨ KZRb Av‡Q? L. Zvig‡a¨ KZRb we`¨vjq hvq/ hv‡”Q?

75. wk¶v e¨e ’v Dbœq‡b Kviv GLv‡b KvR K‡i? ..................................................................................................................... 76. wk¶v e¨e ’v Dbœq‡b Avcbvi I cwiev‡ii Rxe‡b wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ...............................................................

‡mKkb-8: Recommendation 77. cÖKí Avcbviv GjvKvq K‡e †_‡K ïi“ n‡q‡Q? ..................................................... mb 78. K‡e †_‡K cÖK‡íi DcKvwiZv/ dj Avcwb I Avcbvi cwievi cvIqv ïi“ K‡i‡Qb? ..........................................mb 79. cÖK‡íi g~j¨vqb m¤úwK©Z we¯—vwiZ Z_¨:

K. cÖwZôv‡bi bvg L. cÖK‡íi d‡j wK wK DcKvi †c‡q‡Qb ?

M. cÖK‡íi d‡j GjvKvevmx wK wK DcKvi †c‡q‡Q ?

N. cÖK‡íi ¯^v_©K w`K :

O. cÖK‡íi `ye©j w`K :

P. fwel¨‡Z Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wK wK KiYxq/ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i :

1. cvwb Dbœqb gš¿Yvjq / †evW© : (b`x Lvj cybtLbb eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY,

†K¬vRvi, ¯ −y &Bm †MU wbg©vY)

2. f~wg gš¿Yvjq : (f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, UzBb nvDR/ cybe©vmb)

3. Rb¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi : (Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU wbg©vY, cyKzi Lbb)

4. K…wl Awa`ßi : (cÖwk¶Y cÖ`vb, cÖ k©wbi e¨e¯’v, mvi I exR cÖ vb)

5. ’vbxq miKvi cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi : ( eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY,

N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª wbg©vY

6. eb Awa`ßi :( iv —vi cv‡k,euv‡ai Dci e„¶†ivcb, mvgvwRK ebvqb)

(ab¨ev` w`‡q mv¶vrKvi MÖnY †kl Ki“b)

89

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

Lvbv Rwic cÖkœgvjv K‡›Uªvj ‡m¤ú‡ji Rb¨: †h BDwbq‡b cÖK‡íi AvIZvq 6wU ms¯’vi (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb

Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv nqwb|

‡Km bs:

f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cyb:Lbb, cq:wb®‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cyb:Lbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y eva wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K›`ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©mw~P Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj †h ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv | Avgiv G g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi g~j¨evb gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G‡mwQ|

G cÖm‡½ Avcwb Avcbvi g~j¨evb e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GB M‡elYvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi gZvgZ ïaygvÎ M‡elYvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡e hv Avcbvi GjvKvi Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi †`qv Z_¨ m¤ú~Y© ‡Mvcb ivLv n‡e| Avcbvi AbygwZ †c‡j Avwg mv¶vrKvi ïi“ Ki‡Z cvwi|

wefvM :..................................... ‡KvW bs:.............. †Rjv:..................... †KvW bs:................... Dc‡Rjv:................................. †KvW bs:............. BDwbqb:.................. †KvW bs:................... MÖvg:..................................... WvKNi: ............................................ †KvW bs: .............................. DËi`vZv/`vÎxi aiY: 1. cyi“l 2. gwnjv

mv¶vrKvi MÖnYKvixi bvg : ................................................. mv¶vrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL: ...................................... mycvifvBRv‡ii bvg : ................................................. ZvwiL: .......................................................... mv¶vrKvi MÖnY: ïi“i mgq : ............................................. ‡kl mgq: .....................................................

dig-3

90

K. Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae ’v:

DËi`vZv DËi`vÎx 1. cwiev‡ii cÖavb Dc©vRbKvixi bvg

2. ¯^vgx/ ¿x bvg

3. eqm ..............................eQi .............................eQi

4. ¯vgx/ ¿x eqm ..............................eQi .............................eQi

5. wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv .......................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk) ........................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk)

6. ^vgx/ ¿xi wk¶vMZ †hvM¨Zv .......................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk) ........................(m‡e©v”P †Kvb †kªYx cvk)

7. ‰eevwnK Ae¯’v (†KvW)

8. RxweZ mš—vb msL¨v

9. cwiev‡ii †gvU m`m¨ msL¨v

‡KvW: 1. weevwnZ 2. AweevwnZ 3. weaev 4. ZvjvKcÖvß 5. c„_K

c~‡e© eZ©gv‡b 10. DËi`vZv/`vÎxi cÖavb †ckv (†KvW) 11. ¯vgx/ ¿x/wcZvi cÖavb †ckv (†KvW)

1. K…wl (A‡b¨i Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i) 2.K…wl (wb‡Ri Rwg‡Z KvR K‡i) 3. Kj-KviLvbvi kªwgK 4. wi·v PvjK 5. ¶z ª e¨emv 6. PvKzix 7. M„wnYx 8. †eKvi 9. w`bgRyi 10. wf¶ve„wË 11. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó Ki“b) ...........................

12. DËi`vZv/DËi`vÎxi †gvU gvwmK Avq :

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv

13. cwiev‡ii †gvU gvwmK Avq :

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv

14. cwiev‡ii †gvU gvwmK e¨q :

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv †gvU gvwmK e¨q : .............................. UvKv

15. AbyMÖn K‡i mvaviY mgq I Afv‡ei mgq Avcbvi cwiev‡i wK ai‡bi Lvevi ivbœv Kiv nq ev †L‡q _v‡Kb wb‡gœ Zv D‡j −L Ki“b:

K. mvavib mgq: .............................................................................................................................................................. L. Afv‡ei mgq: .............................................................................................................................................................

16. MZ wZb w`‡bi Lv`¨ ZvwjKv wb‡gœ D‡j −L Ki“b:

w`b KZevi †L‡q‡Qb Lv`¨ ZvwjKvq wK wK Lvevi wQj (†KvW) 1g w`b 2q w`b 3q w`b

†KvW:1. fvZ 2. i“wU 3. wgwó Avjy 4. kvK mwâ 5. Wvj 6. gvQ 7.ïUwK 8. wWg 9. gvsm 10.`ya ev `y‡ai ˆZix Lvevi 11. wPbv/KvDb 12. kvcjv/kvjyK/KPz kvK 13.Kjv 14.†`kxq dj 15. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j−L Ki“b): .......................... 17. c~‡e© I eZ©gv‡b wb‡Pi †Kvb `ªe¨¸‡jv Avcbvi Av‡Q?

K. c~‡e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 1. ‡PŠwK/LvU 1. †PŠwK/LvU

2. ‡Pqvi/†Uwej 2. ‡Pqvi/†Uwej 3. Avjgvwi 3. Avjgvwi

91

K. c~‡e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 4. Nwo 4. Nwo

5. ‡iwWI 5. ‡iwWI 6. ‡gvevBj/†Uwj‡dvb 6. ‡gvevBj/†Uwj‡dvb

7. wUwf 7. wUwf

K. c~‡e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v 8. nuvm-gyiMx 8. nuvm-gyiMx 9. Miy/gwnl 9. Miy/gwnl 10. QvMj 10. QvMj

K. c~‡e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v K. cÖKí c~e© msL¨v L. eZ©gv‡b msL¨v

11. ‡mjvB †gwkb 11. ‡mjvB †gwkb 12. ^Y©vjsKvi fwi: .............. 12. ^Y©vjsKvi fwi: ..............

13. mvB‡Kj/wi·v/f¨vb 13. mvB‡Kj/wi·v/f¨vb 14. gUi mvB‡Kj 14. gUi mvB‡Kj 15. we y r ms‡hvM †fvë .............. 15. we y r ms‡hvM †fvë .............. 16. wUDeI‡qj 16. wUDeI‡qj

17. ¯^v¯’¨ m¤§Z j¨vwUªb 17. ¯v¯’¨ m¤§Z j¨vwUªb 18. wbR evox‡Z cyKzi kZvsk .............. 18. wbR evox‡Z cyKzi kZvsk ..............

19.Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b)........ 19.Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b)................

18. Avcwb †Kvb MÖ“c Gi m`m¨ wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv

K. nu¨v n‡j wbgœ wjwLZ DIi ¸‡jv cÖ vb Ki“b:

‡Kvb MÖ“c Gi m`m¨? c`ex K‡e †_‡K m`m¨ n‡q‡Qb ?

MÖ“‡c Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ wK wK?

cÖKí n‡Z wK wK †c‡q‡Qb?

1. Water Management Organizations (WMO) 2. Social Forestry Groups(SFG)

3. Farmer Forums 4. Labour Contracting Socities (LCS)

5. NGO-groups

‡mKkb-1: Rwg I emZwfUv welqK Z_¨

19. Avcbvi wbR¯ emZ wfUv Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, emZ wfUvi Rwgi cwigvY: .........................kZvsk 20. Avcbvi wbR¯ Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwg Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Pvl‡hvM¨ Rwgi cwigvY: .......................kZvsk 21. Avcwb Lvm Rwg †c‡q‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, ‡K/Kviv Rwg cÖ vb K‡i‡Q? .................................................................................................................................

L. bv n‡j, Rwg †c‡j Avcbvi wK wK myweav nZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib? .....................................................................................................

22. Avcwb wK wbR evox‡Z emevm K‡ib? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †hLv‡b emevm K‡ib †mB evox ev RvqMvwU Kvi ? ........................................................................................................

L. c~‡e© †Kv_vq emevm Ki‡Zb (RvqMvwUi bvg D‡j −L Ki“b)? ......................................................................................................

M. GLv‡b emwZ ’vc‡bi KviY wK? ........................................................................................................................................

23. GLv‡b emwZ ’vc‡bi Kvi‡Y Avcbvi RxebhvÎvi gvb Dbœqb n‡q‡Q wK ?..................................................................................

24. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Gi Rb¨ Avcbvi Avi wK wK cÖ‡qvRb? ......................................................................................................

92

‡mKkb-2: wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v, eb¨vwbqš¿Y evuawbg©vY, jebv³Zv welqK Z_¨ t

25. Avcbvi GjvKvq cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi K_v D‡j−L Kiyb:

c~†e© eZ©gv‡b

K. Avcbvi GjvKvq cvwb wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b †K/‡Kvb cÖwZôvb KvR K‡i‡Q? ..............................................................................

26. ’vbxq Lvj Lbb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. Lvj Lb‡bi d‡j K…wl‡Z wK cÖfve c‡o e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ...........................................................................................................

L. Lvj Lb‡bi d‡j wK wK myweav nZ? ......................................................................................................................................

27. Avcbvi GjvKvq Rwg‡Z Ges cvwb‡Z jebv³Zv `~ixKi‡b ‡Kvb c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv `iKvi? ................................................................................................................................

28. ¯ −yBm wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. −yBm wbg©vY Gi d‡j wK wK myweav nZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ...........................................................................................................

29. Avcbvi GjvKvq eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, ‡eox euva wbg©v‡Yi d‡j GjvKvq wK DbœwZ nZ e‡j g‡b K‡ib?.........................................................................................

L. ‡eox euva wbg©vY bv Kivi d‡j wK wK Amyweav n‡q‡Q? ...............................................................................................................

30. e„wói cvwb R‡g _v‡K wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, KZw`b? .............................................. w`b

31. Avcbvi GjvKvq eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva, −yBm wbg©vY, Lvj Lbb Kiv n‡j Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb wKfv‡e djcÖmy nZ:

Kvh©µg K. c~†e© L. eZ©gv‡b

Lvj Lbb

¯ −yBm wbg©vY

eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva

32. Avcbvi GjvKvq Rwg‡Z Ges cvwb‡Z jebv³Zv `~ixKi‡b miKvi wK †Kvb c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡i‡Qb? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK wK Kiv `iKvi e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ........................................................................................................................

33. wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY, jebv³Zv `~ixKi‡b c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡j DcK~jxq Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx wnmv‡e Avcbvi RxebhvÎvi wK wK gvb Dbœqb n‡e e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?...........................................................................................

‡mKkb-3: K…wl welqK Z_¨t 34. K…wlcb¨ Drcv`b e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Avcwb †Kvb cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration) †c‡qwQ‡jb wKbv? 1. nu v 2. bv

K. nu v n‡j †K/ Kviv cÖ k©bx (Demonstration) w`‡q‡Q? ................................................................................................... L. Avcwb †Kvb k‡m¨i cÖ`k©bx (Demonstration) †c‡qwQ‡jb? ............................................................................................. 35. Avcbv‡K wK wK †`Iqv n‡q‡Q?

93

Bvg cwigvb

1. bM` UvKv

2. mvi

3. exR

36. miKvix fv‡e K…wl welqK cªwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. wK wK cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb? ...................................................................................................................................................

L. ‡gvU KZwU cªwk¶Y †c‡q‡Qb? ..........................wU

37. Pi GjvKvi K…wl Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ wewfbœ Kvh©µg Gi Kvi‡b wK wK Dbœqb nIqv `iKvi e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?........................................

38. Avcbvi GjvKvq K…wl Dbœq‡bi/ e„w×i Rb¨ CDSP-lll KZ…©K Kvh©µg Gi K_v D‡j−L Kiyb:

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b

39. Avcbvi GjvKvq †Kvb K…lK `j ev MÖ“c MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 40. Avcwb †Kvb K…lK `j ev MÖ“c Gi m`m¨ wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb bvB ? ..........................................................................................................................................................

41. Avcbvi wgVv cvwbi cyKzi Av‡Q wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. wgVv cvwbi cyKzi Avcwb wbR Li‡P K‡i‡Qb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv L. bv n‡j, †K/Kviv Avcbv‡K wgVv cvwbi cyKzi ˆZix K‡i w`‡q‡Qb? .............................................................................................. 42. wgVv cvwbi cyKy‡i gvQ Pvl Kiv nq wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, cyKy‡i gvQ Pvl K‡i DcvR©b †e‡o‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

L. nu v n‡j, gvQ Pvl †_‡K Avcbvi evrmwiK Mo Avq ejyb: ......................................UvKv (AvbygvwbK)

43. K…wl Dbœq‡bi/ e„w×i Rb¨ miKvi KZ…©K Kvh©µg MÖn‡Y Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx wnmv‡e Avcbvi `vwi`ªZv ~ixKi‡b wK wK A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?.........................................................................................................................................

44. K…wl Dbœq‡bi/ e„w×i Rb¨ wK wK Kvh©µg MÖnY Ki‡j Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx n‡q Avcbvi `vwi ªZv ~ixKi‡b wK wK A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡e e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ........................................................................................................................................................

‡mKkb-4: wbivc` cvwbi Drm I Zvi e¨envi Ges cq:wb®‹vmb welqK Z_¨

45. wbivc` cvwb ej‡Z Avcwb wK ey‡Sb? 1. RxevYy wenxb cvwb/ †h cvwb‡Z †Kvb †ivM RxevYy _v‡K bv/ †h cvwb †_‡K †Kvb AmyL nq bv/jeYgy³ cvwb

2. Av‡m©wbK gy³ cvwb 3. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b).......................................................................................................... 46. LvIqv I evoxi Ab¨vb¨ Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ‡Kv_vKvi cvwb e¨envi Kiv wbivc` e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

1. wUDeI‡qj 2. wis I‡qj (DbœZ Kzqv) 3. cyKzi 4. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b) .........................................................................................................

47. Avcbv‡`i MÖv‡g wbivc` cvwbi wK wK Drm Av‡Q (c~‡e© Ges eZ©gvb Z_¨)?

L. msL¨v N. e¨enviKvix cwiev‡ii msL¨v

K.cvwbi Dr†mi bvg

c~‡e© eZ©gv‡b

M. eZ©gv‡b Pvjy / e¨envwiZ msL¨v

c~‡e© eZ©gv‡b

O. Gi g‡a¨ †KvbUv Avcbvi cwievi †ekxi fvM mg‡q e¨envi K‡i _v‡K

P. e¨envi msµvšÍ †Kvb mgm¨v Av‡Q wKbv?

1.Mfxi bjK~c 2. wis I‡qj (DbœZ Kzqv)

3. cyKzi

94

48. Avcbvi GjvKvq mvaviYZ wK wK cvwbevwnZ †ivM n‡q _v‡K? 1. Wvqwiqv 4. c¨vivUvBd‡qW 7. RwÛm 2. K‡jiv 5. Avgvkq 8. PzjKvwb/†LuvmcvPov 3. UvBd‡qW 6. K…wg 9. Rvwbbv 10. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b) ..........................................................................................................

49. Avcbvi cwiev‡i Kv‡iv cvwbevwnZ †ivM n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n‡q _vK‡j, wK ai‡bi †ivM n‡qwQj/n‡q‡Q ?

1. Wvqwiqv 4. c¨vivUvBd‡qW 7. RwÛm 2. K‡jiv 5. Avgvkq 8. PzjKvwb/†LuvmcvPov 3. UvBd‡qW 6. K…wg 9. Rvwbbv

10. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b) ..........................................................................................................

L. wPwKrmvi Rb¨ ‡Kv_vq wM‡qwQ‡jb? ................................................................................................................................... 50. Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib cÖKí ïi“ nevi ci cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖv ~©fve K‡g‡Q? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb K‡g bvB e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ............................................................................................................................ 51. Avcbvi GjvKvq wbivc` cvwb I cq:wb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi K_v D‡j −L Ki“b:

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b

52. Avcwb wK g‡b K‡ib, wbivc` cvwb I cq:wb®‹vkb Kvh©µg ¸‡jv `xN©¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq c`‡¶c MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ..................................................................................................................

53. wgVv cvwbi cyKzi¸‡jvi Lbb Gi Kvi‡b GjvKvq grm¨ Pvl e„w× †c‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, c~‡e© I eZ©gv‡bi Ae¯’v g~j¨vqb Ki“b:

c~‡e© eZ©gv‡b

54. wbivc` cvwb I cq:wb®‹vmb e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi d‡j Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx wn‡m‡e Avcbvi RxebhvÎvi gvb KZUzKz Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b

‡mKkb-5: ebvqb I Zvi e¨envi welqK Z_¨t

55. cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©v‡Mi Kej †_‡K DcK~jxq A‡j Awaevmx‡`i RvbÑgvj i¶vi Rb¨ wbivc` †Kvb e¨e¯’v Avcbvi GjvKvq Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

56. iv¯Ívi cv‡k I evua GjvKvq ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv 57. ebvqb ˆZixi mgq Avcbv‡K Kv‡R m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. n uv n‡j, wK ai‡bi Kv‡R m¤ú„³ wQ‡jb? ............................................................................................................................ 58. Avcbvi evox‡Z Avcwb wK ai‡bi MvQ jvwM‡q‡Qb? ............................................................................................................ 59. GjvKvq ebvqb Kivi d‡j RxebhvÎvi Dbœqb ev c~bev©m‡bi †¶‡Î wK wK myweav n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b

60. ebvqb Kvh©µg‡K wKfv‡e AviI DbœZ Kiv hvq ? ..............................................................................................................

‡mKkb-6: ‡hvMv‡hvM Kvh©µg welqK Z_¨ t

61. Avcbvi GjvKvq bZzb iv¯Ív-NvU , eªxR-Kvjf©vU wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, Kviv iv¯Ív-NvU, eªxR-KvjfvU© wbg©vY ev †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi Dbœqb K‡i‡Q?...........................................................................

62. iv¯Ív-NvU , eªxR-KvjfvU© ˆZixi Kvi‡b c~‡e© I eZ©gvb Ae¯’v ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ejyb: (‡KvW e¨envi Ki~b):

95

K. c~‡e© ‡KvW L. eZ©gv‡b ‡KvW

1. iv¯Ív-NvU 1. iv¯Ív-NvU

2. eªxR-KvjfvU© 2. eªxR-KvjfvU©

3. nvUÑevRvi 3. nvUÑevRvi

4. evwYwR¨K e¨e¯’v 4. evwYwR¨K e¨e¯’v

1. fv‡jv 2. Lye fv‡jv 3. Lvivc 63. ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi d‡j Avcbvi DcvR©‡bi †Kvb e¨e¯’v n‡q‡Q wK ? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, DcvR©‡bi †¶Î m¤ú‡K©

ejyb?............................................................................................................................... L. GB †¶Î †_‡K Avcbvi evrmwiK Avq m¤ú‡K© ejyb? .............................. UvKv 64. cªvK…wZK `y‡h©vM †gvKv‡ejvq †Kvb Avkªq †K›`ª ‰Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, Avkªq†K› ª ¸‡jv ch©vß wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv L. Kviv Avkªq †K› ª ‡jv wbg©vY K‡i‡Q? ................................................................................................................................. M. Avcbvi GjvKvq †gvU KZwU Avkªq †K› ª Av‡Q? .................wU N. ~‡h©vM cieZ©x Avk&ªq †K› ª ¸‡jv wK Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv nq? ..................................................................................................... 65. †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Gi d‡j DcK~jxq Pi GjvKvq A_©‰bwZKfv‡e wK wK cÖfve

†d‡j‡Q?..................................................... 66. iv¯Ív-NvU , eªxR-KvjfvU©, Avkªq †K›`ª ˆZixi d‡j DcK~jxq Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx wnmv‡e Avcbvi RxebhvÎvi wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j

Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

K. c~‡e© L. eZ©gv‡b

‡mKkb-7: cÖv_wgK ¯^v¯’¨ I wk¶v welqK Z_¨

67. cÖv_wgK ¯v¯’¨ †mev †bevi Rb¨ Avcwb I Avcbvi cwievi wPwKrmvi Rb¨ ‡Kv_vq hvq?

1. m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK 3. GbwRI wK¬wbK 2. miKvix nvmcvZvj 4. cÖvB‡fU wK¬wbK

5. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b) ..............................................................................................................

68. cÖv_wgK ¯v¯’¨ †mev mnRjf¨ I Kg Li‡P Avcbv‡`i nv‡Zi bvMv‡j Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv _vK‡j, ‡Kb bvB? ................................................................................................................................................... 69. cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨ †mev mnRjf¨ I Kg Li‡P Avcbv‡`i nv‡Zi bvMv‡j Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv _vK‡j, ‡Kb bvB? ................................................................................................................................................... 70. ¯^v¯’¨ †mev mnRjf¨ I Kg Li‡P cvIqvi Rb¨ Avcbviv mvavibZ †Kv_vq hvb? .........................................................................

K. Avcbv‡`i GjvKvq ¯v¯’¨ †mev Dbœq‡b G wK wK Kiv DwPZ e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ........................................................................

71. Avcbvi GjvKvq KqwU cÖv_wgK we`¨vjq Av‡Q? .........................................wU K. Avcbvi mšÍvb wK cÖv_wgK wk¶v MÖnY K‡i‡Q? 1. nu v 2. bv

L. wk¶v e¨e ’v Dbœq‡b Kviv GLv‡b KvR K‡i? ....................................................................................................................... M. wk¶v e¨e ’v Dbœq‡b Avcbvi I cwiev‡ii Rxe‡b wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ...................................................................

‡mKkb-8: Recommendation

72. Avcbvi g‡Z cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡j Gi mydj w`K ¸‡jv wK wK? ......................................................................................................

73. cieZ©x‡Z Avcbvi GjvKvq cÖKí Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb n‡j wKfv‡e jvfevb n‡eb? ................................................................................

(ab¨ev` w`‡q mv¶vrKvi MÖnY †kl Ki“b)

96

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

PRA Guideline

f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cybtLbb, cqtwb®‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cybtLbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K›`ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv, G cÖm‡½ Avcbv‡`i KvQ †_‡K wbgœwjwLZ wel‡q wKQy cÖ‡kœi gva¨‡g Z_¨ cÖ v‡bi Aby‡iva Kiv nj :

f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb b`x cybtLbb cqtwb®‹vkb AeKvVv‡gv wbg©vY †m‡KÛvix Lvj cybtLbb eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY †K¬vRvi wbg©vY N~wY©So Avkªq‡K›`ª wbg©vY eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY ¸”QMÖvg ˆZix Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb ebvqb Kg©m~wPi gva¨‡g cwi‡e‡ki Dbœqb K„wl m¤cÖmviY Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqbc~e©K GjvKvevmxi Av_©-mvgvwRK Dbœqb mvab

cieZx©‡Z GB Z_¨ cÖKí Dbœq‡b AviI †ekx djcÖm~ n‡e| djkÖ“wZ‡Z GjvKvi RbmvaviY G Dbœq‡bi avivq AviI †ekx DcK…Z n‡e| msM„nxZ Z_¨mg~n e¨w³MZfv‡e mbv³ bv K‡i Mo wfwËK we‡k −lY Kiv n‡e| G wel‡q K‡Vvi †MvcbxqZv i¶v Kiv n‡e| Avgiv Avkv Ki‡ev †h, Avcbviv mevB GB Av‡jvPbvq mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Avcbv‡`i my®úó gZvgZ w`‡q Avgv‡`i Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb|

Mobilization (First Day)

wbw ©ó GjvKvq (BDwbq‡b) wM‡q, BDwbqb cwil` Awdm, GjvKvi cÖavb nvU Ges VOs (Voluntary Organizations) G wM‡q wewfbœ †kªbxi gvbyl, we‡klZ: f~wgnxb, `wi`ª, cÖvK…wZK y‡h©v‡M AvµvšÍ, feNy‡i hviv cª‡R± Gwiqvi mivmwi DcKvi‡fvMx, Zv‡`i mv‡_ Av‡jvPbv K‡i cÖv_wgKfv‡e GjvKv m¤ú‡K© wKQy aviYv wb‡Z n‡e Ges AÎ M‡elYvi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y© wbgœvwjwLZ wel‡q wKQy Z_¨ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e:

BDwbq‡bi IqvW©Iqvix MÖvgmg~‡ni bvg Ges MÖvg, IqvW© I wfIGm mg~‡ni Ae¯’vb; m¤¢e n‡j, BDwbq‡bi GKwU gvbwPÎ msMÖn Ki‡Z n‡e, A_ev †÷K‡nvìvi‡`i/Z_¨Á e¨w³‡`i mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q BDwbq‡bi

GKwU †¯‹P g¨vc AuvK‡Z n‡e; BDwbqbwU‡Z †Kvb †Kvb MÖv‡g ‡Kvb †Kvb ai‡bi KvR n‡q‡Q †hgb †eox euva, −yBm †MU, iv¯Ív, mvgvwRK ebvqb, ¯v¯’¨‡K›`ª,

UzBb nvDR, ¯‹zj, Avkªq‡K› ª, nvU evRvi, wgVv cvwbi cyKzi, grm¨ Pvl. ¯^v¯’¨‡mev †K›`ª, cÖRbb ¯^v¯’¨‡mev†K›`ª Zv Av‡jvPbvi gva¨‡g wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi GKwU cÖv_wgK aviYv wb‡Z n‡e|

KZUv `¶Zvi mwnZ 6 wU K‡¤úv‡b›U Gi wfwˇZ KvR Kivi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx‡`i RxebhvGvi Dbœqb I cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q, G m¤ú©‡K cªv_wgK aviYv wb‡Z n‡e|

BDwbqbwU‡Z †Kvb †Kvb GbwRI KvR K‡i, Zv‡`i Kvh©µg m¤ú‡K© GKwU cÖv_wgK aviYv wb‡Z n‡e; g~j wcAviG †mkb Gi Rb¨:

dig-4

97

o cyi“l: cÖwZ 4wU VOs (Voluntary Organizations) A_ev cÖ_‡g 120 wU Lvbv †_‡K 15 Rb e¨w³‡`i ZvwjKv Kivi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|

o gwnjv: cÖwZ 8wU VOs (Voluntary Organizations) A_ev cÖ_‡g 240 wU Lvbv †_‡K 12 Rb gwnjvi ZvwjKv Kivi Rb¨ wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e|

g~j wcAviG †mk‡bi Rb¨ ¯’vb wbe©vPb Ki‡Z n‡e (wbw`©ó ¯’v‡bi gvwjK ev KZ…©c‡¶i mv‡_ h_vh_ ZvwiL I mgq Rvwb‡q AbygwZ wb‡q ivL‡Z n‡e) Ges mKj AskMÖnYKvixi I †mkb cwiPvjbvKvix‡`i emvi e¨e¯’v, gvbwPÎ, I †fb WvqvMÖvg A¼‡bi Rb¨ mgZj †g‡S bv _vK‡j †Uwe‡ji e¨e ’v K‡i ivL‡Z n‡e;

GjvKv m¤ú‡K© fvj †LvuR Lei iv‡Lb, Ggb K‡qKRb † ^”Qv‡mex (cyi“l I gwnjv AMÖvwaKvi w`‡Z n‡e) m¤ú©‡K Z_¨ wb‡Z n‡e, hvi g‡a¨ yBRb‡K g~j wcAviG †mk‡bi Rb¨ ’vbxq msMVK (Local Organiser) wnmv‡e `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi Rb¨ wVK Ki‡Z n‡e;

¯’vbxq msMVK‡`i (Local Organisers) -†K g~j wcAviG †mk‡b Zv‡`i `vwqZ¡ m¤ú©‡K weªwds w`‡Z n‡e: o g~j wcAviG †mkb- Gi ZvwiL, mgq I ¯’vb m¤ú‡K© Rvbv‡Z n‡e; o AskMÖnYKvix evQvB I Zv‡`i‡K †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wbw`©ó mg‡q Dcw ’Z _vK‡Z Avgš¿Y Rvbv‡bvi welq eywS‡q

w`‡Z n‡e (wZwb G‡¶‡Î GjvKvi †bZ… ’vbxq †jvKRb‡`i mn‡hvwMZv wb‡eb); o mgMÖ †mkb PjvKv‡j wcAviG †Kv-AwW©‡bUi, gWv‡iUi I †iKW© wKcvi‡K cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZv Kivi K_v

e‡j ivL‡Z n‡e; o AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Avc¨vq‡bi †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq mn‡hvwMZvi K_v e‡j ivL‡Z n‡e; o †mkb PjvKv‡j †mk‡b AwZ Drmvnx KviI cÖ‡ek †iva wKfv‡e Ki‡e Zv eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e|

AskMÖnYKvix Kviv ? ⇒ ¯’vbxq msMVK (Local Organisers)-†`i‡K g~j wcAviG †mk‡b AskMÖnYKvix Kviv n‡eb (cyi“l I gwnjv Avjv`v fv‡e wcAviG

m¤úv`b Ki‡Z n‡e), G wel‡q Aek¨B ¯úó aviYv w`‡Z n‡e, wb‡gœi Q‡K Zv D‡j −L Kiv n‡jv: µwgK

bs †gvU

AskMÖnYKvix* Avw_©K Ae ’v

1. gwnjv (12 Rb m¤¢e n‡j cwiev‡ii DcvR©bKvix) f~wgnxb, `wi`ª, cÖvK…wZK `~‡h©v‡M AvµvšÍ, feNy‡i hviv cª‡R± Gwiqvi mivmwi DcKvi‡fvMx

2. cyi“l (15 Rb cwiev‡ii DcvR©bKvix cÖavb e¨w³) f~wgnxb, `wi ª, cÖvK…wZK ~‡h©v‡M AvµvšÍ, feNy‡i hviv cª‡R± Gwiqvi mivmwi DcKvi‡fvMx

†gvU 27 †hLv‡b wcAviG †mkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ ’vb wbe©vPb Kiv n‡e, †mB ¯’vbwU †mkb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ Dchy³ wKbv †`L‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi Av‡kcv‡ki y-PviRb ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³‡K GB †mk‡bi D‡Ïk¨ I †KŠkj m¤ú‡K© Rvwb‡q ivL‡j fvj nq|

Working Day (Second Day) cÖ ‘wZg~jK KvR:

cÖ‡Z¨K GjvKvi Rb¨ wbgœwjwLZ DcKiY Aek¨B wcAviG cwiPvjbv wU‡gi mv‡_ _vK‡Z n‡e;

Qwe †Zvjvi Rb¨ K¨v‡giv, e¨vUvix I wdj¥; e³e¨ †iKW© Kivi Rb¨ †Uc †iKW©vi I Aš—Z wZbwU K‡i K¨v‡mU; AskMÖnYKvix‡`i †iwR‡óªk‡bi Rb¨ †iwR‡óªkb kxU ev G‡Ub‡WÝ kxU †bvU c¨vW, Kjg/ †cwÝj; m¤ú` gvbwPÎ ˆZix Kivi Rb¨ mv`v is Gi wd¬c PvU©/ †cvóvi †ccvi, KvV †cwÝj, Kv‡jv, jvj I Mvp bxj

(GB wZb) is Gi gvKv©i †cb I mvBb †cb; Wealth Ranking Gi Rb¨ ivLv jvj I Mvp bxj is Ges meyR is Gi gvKv©i †cb I mvBb †cb |

wcAviG ‡mkb cwiPvjbvi wbw`©ó ¯’v‡b AskMªnYKvix‡`i mgq Gi 1 N›Uv Av‡M †cŠuQv‡Z n‡e; wfIGm (Local Organiser) - Gi mv‡_ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i wbw`©ó AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AskMÖnY wbwðZ Ki‡Z n‡e; emvi ¯’vb I emvi e¨e ’v wVK Av‡Q wKbv †`L‡Z n‡e, †Kvb ΓwU _vK‡j Zv `ª“Z ms‡kvab K‡i my›`ifv‡e emvi e¨e ’v Ki‡Z

n‡e; AskMnYKvix‡`i †iwR‡óªkb kxU wKfv‡e c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e Zv wfIGm (Local Organiser) - †K eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e; GjvKvwU cwiågY (Transect Walk) K‡i †`L‡Z n‡e;

g~j †mkb: wcAviG †mkb Gi wbqgvejx AskMÖnYKvix‡`i‡K †Kv-AwW©‡bUi eywS‡q w`‡eb, †hgb:

†mk‡b AskMÖnYKvix mevB cÖwZwU wel‡q K_v ej‡Z n‡e ev gZvgZ w`‡Z n‡e; GK Rb GK Rb K‡i K_v ej‡Z n‡e; GjvKv ej‡Z GLv‡b cyi“l‡`i 4wU wfIGm I gwnjv‡`i 8wU wfIGm †evSv‡e, A_©vr Avgiv wfIGm ¸‡jvi

GjvKvi Ae ’v wb‡q GLv‡b Av‡jvPbv Ki‡ev; Kv‡iv gZvgZ wb‡q A‡nZzK ZK© Kiv hv‡e bv; †mk‡bi ïi“ †_‡K †kl ch©š— Avgiv mevB _vK‡ev; †mk‡bi Av‡jvPbv K¨v‡mU †iKW©v‡i †iKW© Kiv n‡e, Ges †mkb PjvKv‡j mevi Qwe †Zvjv n‡e G wel‡q

AskMÖnYKvix‡`i AbygwZ wb‡q ivL‡Z n‡e;

98

gvbwPÎ AuvKvi mvaviY wbqgvejx AbymiY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges AÎ ÷vwWi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ mvs‡KwZK wPý e¨envi K‡i gvbwPÎ AuvK‡Z n‡e, gvbwPÎ AskMÖnYKvix‡`i w`‡q A¼b Kiv‡Z n‡e;

Wealth Ranking AskMÖnYKvix‡`i w`‡q A¼b Kiv‡Z n‡e; †iwR‡óªkb PjvKvjxb mg‡q mevB‡K Pv w`‡q Avc¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e Ges †mkb †kl n‡j nvév bv¯—v ev jv c¨v‡KU w`‡q

mevB‡K Avc¨vqb Ki‡Z n‡e; mevB‡K ab¨ev` w`‡q †mk‡bi mgvwß †NvlYv Ki‡Z n‡e|

PRA Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Z_¨t

Avq cÖKí n‡Z wK wK †c‡q‡Q?

†Kvb MÖ“‡ci m`m¨?

µwgK bs

bvg wj½

(cyi“l/ gwnjv)

eqm wk¶v †ckv cwiev‡ii †gvU gvwmK Avq

cyiyl gwnjv

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13

14.

15

Issues of PRA Discussions 1. cÖKí cieZ©x bZzb †Kvb Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q wK? 2. FY I mÂq Gi myweav †c‡q‡Q wK? 3. Avcbvi BDwbq‡b eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg Kviv w`‡q‡Q? K. Avcbvi BDwbq‡b eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg hviv †c‡q‡Q Zv‡`i mK‡ji `L‡j Rwg Av‡Q wK? L. mK‡ji bv _vK‡j kZKiv KZR‡bi `L‡j eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg Av‡Q? M. eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg `L‡j bv _vKvi KviY¸wj wK wK? N. Lvm Rwg Pv‡li Dc‡hvMx wKbv? 4. eZ©gv‡b Rwgi e¨envi wKfv‡e Kiv n‡”Q (evox, K…wlKvR Ges Ab¨ †Kvb Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q)? 5. Rwg e¨envi K‡i wK wK A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q? 6. mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK Ae ’vi Z_¨:

Bmy K. cÖKí c~‡e© % L. eZ©gv‡b % K.GjvKvi kZKiv KZfvM cwievi nZ`wi ª/f~wgnxb L. GjvKvi kZKiv KZfvM cwievi `wi`ª/wbgœweË

M. GjvKvi kZKiv KZfvM cwievi m”Qj/ga¨weË/Zvi †P‡q †ekx

7. mvgwMÖK wk¶v e¨e ’vi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : Bmy K. cÖKí c~‡e© L. eZ©gvb

K. cÖv_wgK wk¶v cªwZôv‡bi msL¨v L. QvÎ-QvÎxi Dcw¯’wZ M. wk¶K Dcw¯’wZ

†KvW :1. fv‡jv bq| 2. †gvUvgywU fv‡jv| 3. Lye fv‡jv

99

8. ^v ’ †mevi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb ¯^v¯’¨ ‡mevi Dbœqb Kviv K‡i‡Q?

9. bvix wbh©vZb cªwZ‡iv‡a wK Ae¯’v Pi GjvKvq weivR Ki‡Q? K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 10. evj¨ weev‡ni eZ©gv‡b wK Ae¯’v Pi GjvKvq weivR Ki‡Q? K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 11. iv¯ÍvNvU Dbœq‡bi d‡j Avcbv‡`i Pi GjvKvi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb K. †hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi Dbœqb Kviv K‡i‡Q? 12. mvgvwRK ebvqb Gi d‡j Avcbv‡`i Pi GjvKvi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 13. wgVv cvwbi cyKzi Lb‡bi d‡j Pi GjvKvi K…wl Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb K. K„wl e¨e ’vi Dbœqb Kviv K‡i‡Q? 14. AvBb k„•Ljv cwiw ’wZi Dbœqb Gi Ae ’v K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 15. Mfxi bjK~c, cq:wb®‹vkb , wcU Uq‡jU e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb: K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L.eZ©gvb 16. miKvixfv‡e Gi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb nevi Kvi‡b Pi GjvKvi `vwi ªZv `~ixKi‡bi wK wK cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i‡Q? 17. miKvixfv‡e Gi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb nevi Kvi‡b Pi GjvKvq Dc©vRb e„w× †c‡q‡Q Av‡jvPbv Ki“b (Avjv`vfv‡e mKj

cÖK‡íi Z_¨ wb‡Z n‡e)| Recommendations: 18. GB cÖK‡íi eZ©gvb Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 19. GB cÖK‡íi mgm¨vmg~n m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 20. Avcbvi GjvKvi A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 21. GB cÖK‡íi myweavmg~n we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 22. GB cÖK‡íi Amyweavmg~n we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 23. wKfv‡e cieZ©x cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg AviI †ekx djcÖm~ I DbœZ Kiv hvq? 24. ‡ckv m¤ú©‡K we¯ÍvwiZ Z_¨:

cÖKí c~e© eZ©gvb µwgK bs

†ckv

cyiyl gwnjv cyiyl gwnjv

1. eM©vPvlx

2. wbR Rwg‡Z Pvl

3. Ab¨‡K w`‡q wbR Rwg‡Z Pvl

4. †QvULv‡Uv e¨emv

5. wk¶K

6. ¯^v¯’¨Kgx©

7. DbœqbKgx©

8. w`bgRyi

9. wf¶ve„wË

10. gvQ aivi †R‡j

11. wiKkv /f¨vb PvjK

100

gvbwP‡Î e¨eüZ mvs‡KwZK wPý :

mvaviY mvs‡KwZK wPý (Kv‡jv is e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e) • PRA AbywôZ GjvKvi DIi-`w¶Y, c~e© -cwðg Gi mxgvbv

wba©viY

• cvKv iv¯—v

• KuvPv iv —v

• †mZz/eªxR

• wdWvi †ivW

• †eox evua

• ¯ −yBm †MU

• mvgvwRK ebvqb

• ^v ’ ‡K› ª

• abx †jvK‡`i evwo

• `wi`ª †jvK‡`i evwo

• UzBb nvDR

• Lvj

• wgVv cvwbi cyKzi

• wk¶v cÖwZôvb

• N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª

• gmwR`

• nvU/ evRvi

• cvewjK Uq‡jU

Wealth Ranking-1: Participants Household: (cÖKí c~‡e© jvj is e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e eZ©gvb-G Mvp bxj is e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e)

m¤ú` K. cÖKí c~‡e© L. eZ©gvb

1. ‡PŠwK/LvU 2. †iwWI 3. wUwf

4. †gvevBj †dvb 5. Mi“/ gwnl (KZR‡bi)

6. QvMj/†gl 7. ¦Y©vjsKvi (fwi) 8. †mjvB †gwkb

9. ‡bŠKv 10. wi·v/f¨vb/mvB‡Kj

11. wbR evwo‡Z wUDeI‡qj 12. wbR evwo‡Z m¨vwbUvix/ wcU Uq‡jU

13. Avqea©bKvix cÖwk¶Y †c‡q‡Q KZRb 14. mÂq (GbwRI) 15. mÂq (e¨vsK) 16. mÂq (exgv)

17. wbR evox‡Z MvQ 18. UzBb nvD‡R emevm K‡i KZRb 19. wbR emZwfUv Av‡Q KZR‡bi 20. Pvlvev‡`i Rwg Av‡Q KZR‡bi

21. cÖK‡í KvR †c‡q‡Q KZRb

101

Wealth Ranking-2: Community Wealth: (cÖKí c~‡e© jvj is Ges eZ©gvb-G Mvp bxj is e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e I `wi ª Kv‡jv is Ges `wi ª bq meyR is e¨envi Ki‡Z n‡e)

m¤ú` K. cÖKí c~‡e© msL¨v e¨envi L. eZ©gvb msL¨v e¨envi

`wi`ª `wi`ª bq `wi`ª `wi`ª bq

1. †eox euva (wK:wg:) 2. eo iv¯Ív/cvKv iv¯Ív

3. †QvU iv¯Ív 4. KvjfvU©/ eªxR

5. mvgvwRK ebvqb 5. nvU/evRvi

6. cÖvBgvix ¯‹zj 7. gva¨wgK ¯‹zj

8. ¯v¯’¨‡K›`ª (miKvix) 9. ¯v ’ ‡K›`ª (GbwRI) 10. m¨v‡UjvBU wK¬wbK

11. wUDeI‡qj 12. wgVv cvwbi cyKzi (M„n¯’vjx I

grm¨ Pvl)

13. UzBb nvDR 14. m¨vwbUvix cvewjK Uq‡jU

102

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

Intensive Interviews with Official and field personnel of six agencies

(BWDB, Ministry of land, DPHE, DAE, LGED and Forest Development) f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cyb:Lbb, cqtwb¯‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cybtLbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K›`ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv | Avgiv G g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi g~j¨evb gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G‡mwQ|

G cÖm‡½ Avcwb Avcbvi g~j¨evb e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GB M‡elYvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi gZvgZ ïay gvÎ M‡elYvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡e hv Avcbvi GjvKvi Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi †`qv Z_¨ m¤ú~Y© ‡Mvcb ivLv n‡e| Avcbvi AbygwZ †c‡j Avwg mv¶vrKvi ïi“ Ki‡Z cvwi|

‡Km bs: wefvM :..................................... ‡KvW bs:.............. †Rjv:..................... †KvW bs:................... Dc‡Rjv:................................. †KvW bs:............. BDwbqb:.................. †KvW bs:...................

mv¶vrKvi MÖnYKvixi bvg : ................................................. mv¶vrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL: ...................................... mycvifvBRv‡ii bvg : ................................................. ZvwiL: .......................................................... mv¶vrKvi MÖnY: ïi“i mgq : ............................................. ‡kl mgq: .....................................................

DËi`vZv/`vÎxi aib: 1. cyi“l 2. gwnjv

dig-5

103

1. bvg :..................................................................... ‡dvb bv¤vi: ............................................................................... 2. c`ex: .............................................................................. K. Kg©iZ cÖwZôv‡bi bvg:

................................................... 3. Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K cÖK‡íi Kv‡R Avcwb RwoZ wQ‡jb wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

K. nu¨v n‡j, D³ cÖK‡í Avcbvi f~wgKv/Ae`vb wK wQj? ................................................................................................................

L. Avcbvi cÖwZôvb Pi GjvKvq wK wK cÖKí ev¯Íevqb K‡i‡Q? ........................................................................................................

4. cÖK‡íi KvR eivÏK…Z A‡_© m¤úbœ n‡qwQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb ‡kl nqwb? ...................................................................................................................................................

5. cÖK‡íi KvR PjvKvjxb mg‡q cÖK‡íi KvR m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b/Z`viwK Kiv nZ wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wKfv‡e Kiv nZ? .................................................................................................................................................

6. KqwU UzBb nvDR cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ......................................... wU K. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx UzBb nvDR cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv

L. bv n‡j, †Kb nq bvB? .......................................................................................................................................................

M.Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, UzBb nvDR ¸‡jv †`Iqvi †¶‡Î wK wK welq AMÖvwaKvi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? ..................................................................

N. eZ©gv‡b me UzBb nvDR ¸‡jv evwm›`v‡`i `L‡j Av‡Q wK? . nu v 2. bv O. bv n‡j, ‡Kb `L‡j bvB e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

................................................................................................................... 7. KqwU e‡›`ve¯Í Lvm Rwg cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ......................................... wU K. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx e‡›`ve¯Í Lvm Rwg cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

L. bv n‡j, †Kb nq bvB? .......................................................................................................................................................

M. Lvm Rwg hviv †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i mK‡ji Rwg `L‡j Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

N. bv n‡j, wK Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i `L‡j bvB e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ......................................................................................................

8. KqwU wcU Uq‡jU wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q? K. e¨w³MZ: ......................................... wU L. KwgDwbwU: ......................................... wU

M. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx wcU Uq‡jU wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

N. bv n‡j, †Kb nqwb? ..........................................................................................................................................................

9. KqwU Wxc wUDeI‡qj cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? K. e¨w³MZ: ......................................... wU L. KwgDwbwU: ......................................... wU

M. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx Wxc wUDeI‡qj cÖ`vb Kiv Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

N. bv n‡j, †Kb nqwb? ..........................................................................................................................................................

10. KqwU N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K› ª ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q ? ......................................... wU 11. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq eb¨v wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. eb¨v wbqš¿Y Kivi ‡¶‡Î wK ai‡bi Kvh©µg cÖK‡í ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q? .....................................................................................

12. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq km¨ Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb Drcv`b e„w× nqwb? .......................................................................................................................................

13. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq mvgvwRK ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

104

14. mvgvwRK ebvqb e„w×i Kvi‡Y wK wK myweav n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? .................................................................................

15. mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi ‡¶‡Î wK wK wel‡qi Dci bRi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? ............................................................................................

16. Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, KZ wK‡jvwgUvi ‡eox evua GjvKvq e„¶‡ivcb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ........... wK:wg: 17. ‡eox evua GjvKvq e„¶‡ivcY e„w×i Kvi‡Y wK wK myweav n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

.................................................................. 18. e„¶‡ivcY Kvh©µ‡gi ‡¶‡Î GjvKvevmxi AskMªnY wbwðZ Kiv n‡qwQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 19. nu¨v n‡j, wKfv‡e Kvh©µ‡g GjvKvevmx‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡qwQj?

................................................................................................. 20. Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, cvwb mieivn e„w× I cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb mva‡bi Rb¨ D³ cÖK‡í wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ...................................................................................................................................................................................

21. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡Y cvwb mieivn e„w× I cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e ’vi Dbœqb mvab n‡q‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK Kvi‡Y nqwb e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ......................................................................................................................

22. Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, cvwb evwnZ †ivM mn Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v ~ixKi‡Y D³ cÖK‡í wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ...................................................................................................................................................................................

23. cvwbevwnZ †ivMmn Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Y gvbyl m‡PZb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wbgœwjwLZ welq ¸‡jv ejyb:

welq cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b

1. Wvqwiqv

2. msµvgK †ivM

3. cywónxbZv

4. cªRbb ^v ’

24. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?...........................................

25. cÖK‡í Pi GjvKvq bZzb iv¯Ív wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. KZ wK‡jvwgUvi bZzb iv¯Ív wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q? ................ wK:wg:

26. cÖK‡í Pi GjvKvq cyivZb iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. KZ wK‡jvwgUvi cyivZb iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q? ................ wK:wg:

27. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq ‡hvMv‡hvM Gi †¶‡Î LiP K‡g †M‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, KviY wK e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ..............................................................................................................................

28. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq wk¶v e¨e ’vi Dbœq‡b wK wK Kvh©µg nv‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q? ................................................

29. Avcbvi g‡Z cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †¶‡Î c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b wk¶vi nvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. cÖv_wgK wk¶vi nvi e„w× cvIqvi wK wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib?

............................................................................................

30. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx‡`i‡K wK Avqea©bg~jK cªwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? 1. nu v 2. bv 31. nu¨v n‡j wK wK ai‡bi Avqea©bg~jK cªwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q?

cªwk¶Y Gi bvg cªwk¶Y Gi †gqv`Kvj

1.

2.

32. cªwk¶Y jv‡fi Kvi‡Y wK wK Av_©-mvgvwRK cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib ?.....................................................................

33. cÖKí ev¯—evqbKv‡j mg‡q †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv

105

K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj? ...................................................................................................................................

L. wKfv‡e Zvi mgvavb K‡iwQ‡jb? ..........................................................................................................................................

34. cÖKí e¨e¯’vcbvq †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj wK ? 1.n¨uv 2.bv K. n uv n‡j, wK mgm¨v n‡qwQj ?...........................................................................................................................................

L. wKfv‡e mgvavb Kiv n‡qwQj ? ............................................................................................................................................

35. cÖKí ev —evqbKv‡j ’vbxq RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖnY wQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wK wKfv‡e Zviv AskMÖnY K‡i‡Q ? .........................................................................................................................

36. cÖKí ev¯ÍevqbKv‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi KvQ †_‡K †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv G‡mwQj wK? 1. n uv 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wK ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv G‡mwQj? ..............................................................................................................................

37. cÖKí ev¯—evqbKv‡j gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wKfv‡e? .........................................................................................................................................................

L. bv n‡j, †Kb? .............................................................................................................................................................

38. cÖKí¸‡jv ev¯—evq‡bi d‡j cwi‡ekMZ †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK mgm¨v n‡q‡Q? ............................................................................................................................................

39. cÖK‡íi mdj w`K¸‡jv wK wK? .......................................................................................................................................

40. cÖK‡íi `ye©j w`K¸‡jv wK wK? .........................................................................................................................................

41. ev¯—evwqZ cÖKíwU fwel¨‡Z AviI Kvh©Ki ivLvi Rb¨ Avcbvi gZvgZ ev mycvwik wK?....................................................................

(ab¨ev` w`‡q mv¶vrKvi MÖnY †kl Ki“b)

106

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

Intensive Interviews with NGO personnel and field agents

(BRAC, DUS, HASI, SSUS, UPOMA, NRAS) f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi) Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cyb:Lbb, cq:wb®‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cyb:Lbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y evua wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq‡K›`ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj †h ev¯Íevq‡bi d‡j DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv | Avgiv G g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi g~j¨evb gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G‡mwQ|

G cÖm‡½ Avcwb Avcbvi g~j¨evb e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GB M‡elYvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi gZvgZ ïay gvÎ M‡elYvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡e hv Avcbvi GjvKvi Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi †`qv Z_¨ m¤ú~Y© ‡Mvcb ivLv n‡e| Avcbvi AbygwZ †c‡j Avwg mv¶vrKvi ïi“ Ki‡Z cvwi|

‡Km bs: wefvM :..................................... ‡KvW bs:.............. †Rjv:..................... †KvW bs:................... Dc‡Rjv:................................. †KvW bs:............. BDwbqb:.................. †KvW bs:...................

mv¶vrKvi MÖnYKvixi bvg : ................................................. mv¶vrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL: ...................................... mycvifvBRv‡ii bvg : ................................................. ZvwiL: .......................................................... mv¶vrKvi MÖnY: ïi“i mgq : ............................................. ‡kl mgq: .....................................................

DËi`vZv/`vÎxi aib: 1. cyi“l 2. gwnjv

dig-6

107

1. bvg:.............................................................................†dvb bv¤vi: ..........................................................................

2. c`ex::............................................................................K.Kg©iZ cÖwZôv‡bi bvg: .......................................................

3. Avcbvi GbwRI Pi GjvKvq wK wK KvR K‡i _v‡K? .............................................................................................................

4. Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K cÖK‡íi Kv‡R Avcwb RwoZ wQ‡jb wK? 1. nu v 2. b

K. nu v n‡j, D³ cÖK‡í Avcbvi f~wgKv/Ae`vb wK wQj? ...............................................................................................................

L. Avcbvi cÖwZôvb Pi GjvKvq wK wK cÖK‡íi KvR ev¯Íevq‡b mn‡hvMx cÖwZôvb wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i‡Q?.......................................................

5. cÖK‡íi KvR eivÏK…Z A‡_© m¤úbœ n‡qwQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb ‡kl nqwb? ...................................................................................................................................................

6. cÖK‡íi KvR PjvKvjxb mg‡q cÖK‡íi KvR m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b/Z`viwK Kiv nZ wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wKfv‡e Kiv nZ? ................................................................................................................................................

7. KqwU UzBb nvDR cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ......................................... wU K. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx UzBb nvDR cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv

L. bv n‡j, †Kb nq bvB? .......................................................................................................................................................

P. eZ©gv‡b me UzBb nvDR ¸‡jv evwm›`v‡`i `L‡j Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv Q. bv n‡j, wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

.................................................................................................................... 8. e‡›`ve¯Í Lvm Rwg KqwU cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ......................................... wU K. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx e‡›`ve¯Í Lvm Rwg cÖ`vb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

L. bv n‡j, †Kb nq bvB? ......................................................................................................................................................

M. Lvm Rwg hviv †c‡q‡Qb Zv‡`i mK‡ji Rwg `L‡j Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv

N. bv n‡j, wK Kvi‡Y Zv‡`i `L‡j bvB e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ......................................................................................................

9. KqwU wcU Uq‡jU wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q? K. e¨w³MZ: ......................................... wU L. KwgDwbwU: ......................................... wU

M. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx Uq‡jU wbg©vY Kiv bv n‡j †Kb Kiv nq bvB? ...................................................................................................

10. KqwU wWc wUDeI‡qj cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q? K. e¨w³MZ: ......................................... wU L. KwgDwbwU: ......................................... wU

M. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx wWc wUDeI‡qj cÖ`vb Kiv bv n‡j †Kb Kiv nq bvB? ........................................................................................

11. KqwU N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K› ª ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q ? ......................................... wU 12. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq eb¨v wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. eb¨v wbqš¿Y Kivi ‡¶‡Î wK ai‡bi Kvh©µg cÖK‡í ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ....................................................................................

13. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq km¨ Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb Drcv`b e„w× nqwb? .......................................................................................................................................

14. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq mvgvwRK ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 15. mvgvwRK ebvqb e„w×i Kvi‡Y wK wK myweav n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

.................................................................................

108

16. mvgvwRK ebvq‡bi ‡¶‡Î wK wK wel‡qi Dci bRi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? ...........................................................................................

17. Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, KZ wK:wg: ‡eox evua GjvKvq e„¶‡ivcb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ........... wK:wg: 18. GjvKvi RbMY mvgvwRK ebvqb I ‡eox evua GjvKvq e„¶‡ivcb Kvh©µ‡gi ‡¶‡Î GjvKvevmxi AskMªnb wbwðZ Kiv n‡qwQj wK?

1. nu v 2. bv

19. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK fv‡e Kvh©µ‡g GjvKvevmx‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡qwQj? ............................................................................................

20. Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, cvwb mieivn e„w× I cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb mva‡bi Rb¨ D³ cÖK‡í wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ......................................................................................................................................................................................

21. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡b cvwb mieivn e„w× I cq:wb®‹vkb e¨e ’vi Dbœqb mvab n‡q‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK Kvi‡Y nqwb e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ...................................................................................................................

22. Avcbvi Rvbv g‡Z, cvwb evwnZ †ivM mn Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v ~ixKi‡Y D³ cÖK‡í wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q? ...................................................................................................................................................................................

23. cvwbevwnZ †ivMmn Ab¨vb¨ ¯v¯’ MZ mgm¨v ~ixKi‡Y gvbyl m‡PZb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wbgœwjwLZ welq ¸‡jv ejyb:

welq : cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b

1. Wvqwiqv

2. msµvgK †ivM

3. cywónxbZv

4. cªRbb ^v ’

24. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡b wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ Kiv n‡q‡Q?...........................................

25. cÖK‡í Pi GjvKvq bZzb iv¯Ív wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. KZ wK:wg: bZzb iv¯Ív wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q? ................ wK:wg:

26. cÖK‡í Pi GjvKvq cyivZb iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. KZ wK:wg: cyivZb iv¯Ív ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q? ................ wK:wg:

27. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq ‡hvMv‡hvM Gi †¶‡Î LiP K‡g †M‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, KviY wK e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ..............................................................................................................................

28. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nIqvi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq wk¶v e¨e ’vi Dbœq‡b wK wK Kh©µg nv‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q? .................................................

29. Avcbvi g‡Z, cÖv_wgK wk¶vi †¶‡Î c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eZ©gv‡b wk¶vi nvi e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. cÖv_wgK wk¶vi nvi e„w× cvevi KviY wK wK Av‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ...............................................................................................

30. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx‡`i Avqea©bg~jK cªwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv 31. nu¨v n‡j wK wK ai‡bi Avqea©bg~jK cªwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q?

cªwk¶‡Yi bvg cªwk¶‡Yi ‡gqv`Kvj

1.

2.

3.

4.

32. cªwk¶Y cÖvwßi Kvi‡Y wK wK Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae ’vi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib ?............................................................

109

33. cÖKí ev¯—evqbKvjxb mg‡q †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj? ...................................................................................................................................

L. wKfv‡e Zv mgvavb K‡iwQ‡jb? ...........................................................................................................................................

34. cÖKí e¨e¯’vcbvq †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n uv n‡j, wK mgm¨v n‡qwQj ?............................................................................................................................................

L. wKfv‡e mgvavb Kiv n‡qwQj ? ............................................................................................................................................

35. cÖKí ev¯—evqbKv‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖnY wQj wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wK ai‡bi AskMÖnY wQj ?.......................................................................................................................................

36. cÖKí ev¯ÍevqbKv‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv G‡mwQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 37. cÖKí ev —evqbKv‡j gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wKfv‡e? ............................................................................................................................................................

L. bv n‡j, †Kb? .................................................................................................................................................................

38. cÖKí¸‡jv ev¯—evq‡bi d‡j cwi‡ekMZ †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK mgm¨v n‡q‡Q? ............................................................................................................................................

39. cÖK‡íi mdj w`K¸‡jv wK wK? ........................................................................................................................................

40. cÖK‡íi `ye©j w`K¸‡jv wK wK? .........................................................................................................................................

41. ev¯—evwqZ cÖKíwU fwel¨‡Z AviI Kvh©Ki ivLvi Rb¨ Avcbvi gZvgZ ev mycvwik wK?....................................................................

(ab¨ev` w`‡q mv¶vrKvi MÖnY †kl Ki“b)

110

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

Intensive Interviews with Selected Personnel of Community level organizations

(Farmers’ committees, WMAs, VOs ) f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cybtLbb, cqtwb¯‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cybtLbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K›`ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv | Avgiv G g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi g~j¨evb gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G‡mwQ|

G cÖm‡½ Avcwb Avcbvi g~j¨evb e³e¨ cÖ`v‡bi gva¨‡g GB M‡elYvq Ae`vb ivL‡Z cv‡ib| Avcbvi gZvgZ ïay gvÎ M‡elYvi Kv‡R e¨eüZ n‡e hv Avcbvi GjvKvi Dbœq‡b mnvqK n‡Z cv‡i| Avcbvi †`qv Z_¨ m¤ú~Y© ‡Mvcb ivLv n‡e| Avcbvi AbygwZ †c‡j Avwg mv¶vrKvi ïi“ Ki‡Z cvwi|

‡Km bs: wefvM :..................................... ‡KvW bs:.............. †Rjv:..................... †KvW bs:................... Dc‡Rjv:................................. †KvW bs:............. BDwbqb:.................. †KvW bs:...................

mv¶vrKvi MÖnYKvixi bvg : ................................................. mv¶vrKvi MÖn‡Yi ZvwiL: ...................................... mycvifvBRv‡ii bvg : ................................................. ZvwiL: .......................................................... mv¶vrKvi MÖnY: ïi“i mgq : ............................................. ‡kl mgq: .....................................................

DËi`vZv/`vÎxi aib: 1. cyi“l 2. gwnjv

dig-1dig-7

111

1. bvg : ..................................................................... ‡dvb bv¤vi: ..............................................................................

2. Avcwb GB GjvKvq emevm Ki‡Qb K‡e †_‡K? ....................mb 3. Avcwb GB cÖK‡í AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv 4. nu¨v n‡j, wK Kv‡R/wKfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡iwQ‡jb?

................................................................................................................ 5. cÖK‡íi KvR PjvKvjxb mg‡q cÖK‡íi KvR m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b/Z`viwK Kiv nZ wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wKfv‡e Kiv nZ? ............................................................................................................................................... 6. Avcwb †Kvb MÖ“c ev KwgwUi m`m¨ wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j wbgœ wjwLZ DËi ¸‡jv cÖ vb Ki“b:

‡Kvb Mªyc Gi m`m¨? c`ex K‡e †_‡K m`m¨ n‡q‡Qb ?

MÖ“‡c Avcbvi `vwqZ¡ wK wK?

cÖKí n‡Z wK wK †c‡q‡Qb?

1. Water Management Organizations (WMO) 2. Social Forestry Groups(SFG)

3. Farmer Forums 4. Labour Contracting Socities (LCS)

5. NGO-groups 6. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b).............

7. Avcbvi MÖ“c ev KwgwU ‡iwR‡óªkb cÖvß wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, †Kvb cÖwZôvb n‡Z ‡iwR‡óªkb cÖvß n‡q‡Q? cÖwZôv‡bi bvg: ..................................................................................... 8. wbe©vPb nq wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, wbe©vPb cÖwµqv D‡j−L Ki“Y: ............................................................................................................................... 9. `‡ji Kvh©µg ch©‡e¶Y Gi Rb¨ †Kvb gwbUwis Kiv nq wK bv? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, Kviv gwbUwis K‡i? ........................................................................................................................................... 10. cÖKí cieZ©x `‡ji Kvh©µg wKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ n‡”Q? ........................................................................................................ 11. Avcbvi GjvKvq miKv‡ii (f~wg gš¿Yvjq) c¶ †_‡K †Kvb Rwg eivÏ †c‡q‡Q wK? 1.nu v 2.bv K. nu v n‡j, wK cwigvY Rwg †c‡q‡Qb? m‡ev©”P ......................... †n±i me©wbgœ.................................. †n±i L. Rwg GjvKvi RbMY wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Qb? ......................................................................................................................... M. RwgwU cvIqvi ci A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRKfv‡e DbœwZ n‡q‡Q wK ? 1. nu v 2. bv N. nu v n‡j, wK wK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q? ....................................................................................................................................... 12. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq KZwU UzBb nvDR ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q? ............ wU 13. eZ©gv‡b me UzBb nvDR ¸‡jv evwm›`v‡`i `L‡j Av‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ....................................................................................................................... 14. D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq BWDB KZ©„K ev¯ÍevwqZ Kvh©µg mg~n wK wK t

Kvh©µg mg~n 1. euva ...........................wK: wg: 2. ¯ −yBm ...........................wU

3. †K¬vRvi ...........................wU 4. Lvj cybtLbb ...........................wK: wg:

15. cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi d‡j cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb mvab n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ................................................................................................................... 16. eb¨v wbqš¿Y Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 17. eZ©gv‡b Pi GjvKvq jeYv³Zv ~ixKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ................................................................................................................... 18. BWDB KZ©„K cÖKí ev¯ÍevwqZ nevi Kvi‡Y DcK~jxq GjvKvq mvgvwRK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 19. Avq e„w× ‡c‡q A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 20. miKvixfv‡e (DAE) cÖKí GjvKvq wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q?

Kvh©µg mg~n 1. Demonstration ...............................wU

2. K…lK cÖwk¶Y ...............................wU

112

21. D³ cÖK‡íi AvIZvq km¨ Drcv`b e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb Drcv`b e„w× nqwb? .................................................................................................................................... 22. K…wl †¶‡Î k‡m¨i eûgyLxKiY m¤¢e n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n uv n‡j, wKfv‡e K…wl‡¶‡Î cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ................................................................ 23. Rwgi aib Abyhvqx AvaywbK c×wZ‡Z Pvlvev` Kiv n‡”Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 24. n¨uv n‡j, cÖK‡íi AvIZvq wK wK AvaywbK c×wZ e¨envi n‡”Q? ............................................................................................. 25. K…wl Dbœq‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 26. Avq e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 27. A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb Gi mv‡_ mv‡_ RxebhvÎvi Dbœq‡b wK wK cÖfve c‡o‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b

K‡ib?................................................... 28. miKvi (DPHE) KZ©„K cÖKí GjvKvq wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q Zv D‡j −L Ki“b?

Kvh©µg mg~n 1. Wxc wUDeI‡qj ...............................wU

2. wcU Uq‡jU ...............................wU 3. KwgDwbwU wcU Uq‡jU ...............................wU

4. KwgDwbwU cyKzi ...............................wU 5. †iBb IqvUvi nvi‡fw÷s ¯‹xg ...............................wU

29. cÖKí ev¯Íevqb Gi d‡j DcK~jxq GjvKvq wbivc` cvwbi e¨e¯’v m¤¢e n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 30. cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e ’vi Dbœqb mvab n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb nqwb e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ......................................................................................................................... 31. cvwbevwnZ †iv‡Mi cÖv ~y©fve K‡g‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, eZ©gv‡b Pi GjvKvq cÖv_wgK ¯v‡¯’¨i Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb? ......................................................................................... 32. cvwbevwnZ †ivMmn Ab¨vb¨ ¯^v¯’¨MZ mgm¨v `~ixKi‡Y gvbyl m‡PZb n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wbgœwjwLZ welq¸‡jv ejyb:

welq cÖKí c~e© eZ©gv‡b 1. Wvqwiqv

2. msµvgK †ivM 3. cywónxbZv

4. cªRbb ^v ’ 5. gv I wkï g„Zz¨

33. h_vh_ wbivc` cvwb I cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v `xN© ’vqx Kivi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wK wK c`‡¶c cÖK‡íi gva¨‡g †bIqv n‡q‡Q? ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 34. Rxeb- hvÎvi Dbœqb I A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡b D³ cÖK‡íi wK wK cÖfve c‡o‡Q we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb?

.......................................................... 35. eb wefvM (Forest Department) KZ©„K cÖKí GjvKvq wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q D‡j−L Ki“b?

Kvh©µg mg~n 1. euv‡ai Dci ebvqb ..........................wKt wgt

2. Foreshore ebvqb ..........................wKt wgt 3. wdWvi †ivW ebvqb ..........................wKt wgt

4. g¨vb†MÖvf ..........................wKt wgt 5. mvgvwRK ebvqb ..........................wKt wgt

36. ebvq‡bi Ab¨Zg D‡Ï‡k¨ wQj, DcK~jxq GjvKv‡K cÖvK…wZK `~‡hv©M †_‡K i¶v Kiv, mvgvwRK ebvqb e„w×i Kvi‡Y eZ©gvb Ae ’vi wK

Dbœqb n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ............................................................................................................................

37. mvgvwRK ebvqb e„w×i Kvi‡Y DcvR©b e„w×i †¶‡Î wK wK cÖfve †d‡j‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ............................................................ 38. ebvqb e„w×i Kvi‡Y eb¨v cieZ©x Rwg ¶q †iva n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv 39. grm¨ Drcv`b e„w×i wK wK Kvh©µg e„w× †c‡q‡Q?............................................................................................................... 40. ebvqb e„w×i d‡j grm¨ Drcv`‡b wK wK cÖfve †d‡j‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib?................................................................................ 41. mvgvwRK ebvqb e„w×i Kvi‡Y wK wK myweav n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib? ...............................................................................

113

42. miKvi (LGED) KZ©„K cÖKí GjvKvq wK wK Kvh©µg ev¯ÍevwqZ n‡q‡Q D‡j −L Ki“b?

Kvh©µg mg~n 1. i“ivj †ivW ................................wKt wgt 2. eªxR/KvjfvU© ................................wU

3. N~wY©So Avkªq†K›`ª ................................wU 4. cyKzi ................................wU

43. ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb Gi d‡j e¨emv evwY‡R¨ wK wK cÖfve c‡o‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ...............................................................

44. cY¨ cwienb I †hvMv‡hv‡Mi †¶‡Î LiP K‡g‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n uv n‡j, wK wK KviY Av‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ....................................................................................................................... 45. N~wY©So Avkªq †K› ª ‡jv wK cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b K‡ib? ..................................................................................... 46. N~wY©So cieZ©x Avkªq‡K›`ª¸‡jv wK wK Kv‡R e¨eüZ nq?

..................................................................................................... 47. ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi Dbœq‡bi d‡j Pi GjvKvq wK wK A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb cÖfve †d‡j‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib?

................................... 48. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq Pi GjvKvi Awaevmx‡`i wK Avqea©bg~jK cªwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q? 1. nu v 2. bv 49. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK ai‡bi Avqea©bg~jK cªwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q?

cªwk¶‡Yi bvg: cªwk¶‡Yi †gqv`Kvj: 1. 2. 3.

50. cªwk¶Y cÖvwßi Kvi‡Y wK wK Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae ’vi cwieZ©b n‡q‡Q e‡j Avcwb g‡b K‡ib ?..........................................................

51. cÖKí ev —evq‡bi mgq †Kvb mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK mgm¨v †`Lv w`‡qwQj? ................................................................................................................................... L. wKfv‡e Zv mgvavb Kiv n‡qwQj? ........................................................................................................................................ 52. cÖKí ev —evqb nIqvi d‡j Avcbvi Dc©vRb e„w× †c‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, evrmwiK Mo Avq KZ UvKv? ......................... UvKv (AvbygvwbK) 53. cÖKí ev —evqbKv‡j ’vbxq RbM‡Yi mwµq AskMÖnY wQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wK wK fv‡e Avcbvi GjvKvi RbMY AskMÖnY K‡iwQj ? ............................................................................................... 54. cÖKí ev¯—evqbKv‡j ¯’vbxq RbM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K †Kvb cÖwZeÜKZv G‡mwQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K.nu¨v n‡j wK ai‡bi cÖwZeÜKZv G‡mwQj? ................................................................................................................................ L. †Kb cÖwZeÜKZv G‡mwQj? ................................................................................................................................................. 55. cÖKí ev —evqbKv‡j gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. n¨uv n‡j, wKfv‡e? ............................................................................................................................................................ 56. cÖKí¸‡jv ev¯—evq‡bi d‡j cwi‡ekMZ †Kvb mgm¨v m„wó n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu v 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK mgm¨v n‡q‡Q? ......................................................................................................................................... 57. cÖK‡íi mdj w`K¸‡jv wK wK?

..................................................................................................................................... 58. cÖK‡íi `ye©j w`K¸‡jv wK wK?

...................................................................................................................................... 59. ev¯—evwqZ cÖKíwU fwel¨‡Z AviI Kvh©Ki ivLvi Rb¨ Avcbvi gZvgZ ev mycvwik

wK?.................................................................. (ab¨ev` w`‡q mv¶vrKvi MÖnY †kl Ki“b)

114

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

`jxq Av‡jvPbvi wb‡`©wkKv: cÖKí GjvKvq Dc‡Rjv ch©v‡q

(FGD Guideline at Upazilla Level)

AskMÖnYKvix: cÖKí GjvKvi KwgDwbwU wjWvi, gZvgZ cÖ vbKvix †bZv, wfIGm cÖavb/†bZv, K…lK: f~wgnxb/¶z`ª Pvlx; abx Pvlx I ga¨weË Pvlx, `wi ª I gwnjv †bZv, hye †bZv, ag©xq †bZv

[cÖwZ FGD-‡Z AskMÖnYKvix Kgc‡¶ 6 Rb ] f~wgKv: Avm&mvjvgy AvjvBKzg| Avgiv ixW bvgK M‡elYv cÖwZôvb Ges cwiKíbv gš¿Yvj‡qi AvBGgBwW (IMED) Gi c¶ †_‡K gvV ch©v‡q g~j¨vqb Rix‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ G‡mwQ| Pi †W‡fjc‡g›U G¨vÛ †m‡Uj‡g›U cÖKí-3 (wmwWGmwc-3) kxl©K g~j cÖKíwUi 6 ai‡bi Kvh©µg 6wU ms¯’v (evcvD‡ev, GjwRBwW, wWwcGBPB, f~wg gš¿Yvjq, wWGB I eb Awa`ßi)-Gi gva¨‡g ev¯Íevqb Kiv n‡q‡Q| GB cÖK†íi D‡Ïk¨ wQj, f~wgnxb‡`i g‡a¨ Lvm Rwg eÈb, b`x cyb:Lbb, cqtwb¯‹vkb, KvVv‡gv wbg©vY, †m‡KÛvix Lvj cybtLbb, eb¨v wbqš¿Y euva wbg©vY, †K¬vRvi wbg©vY, N~wY©So Avkªq ‡K› ª wbg©vY, eªxR/ KvjfvW© wbg©vY, iv¯ÍvNvU wbg©vY, ¸”QMÖvg, Mfxi bjK~c ¯’vcb, wcU Uq‡jU weZiY, mvgvwRK ebvqb BZ¨vw` Kg©m~Px Pi GjvKvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv| cÖZ¨vkv wQj cÖKí ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡g DcK~jxq P‡i emevmKvix‡`i Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’vi Dbœqb mvab Kiv | Avgiv G g~j¨vqb m¤ú‡K© Avcbvi g~j¨evb gZvgZ msMÖ‡ni Rb¨ G‡mwQ| cieZ©x‡Z GB Z_¨ cÖKí Dbœq‡b Av‡iv †ekx djcÖm~ n‡e| djkÖ“wZ‡Z GjvKvi RbmvaviY G Dbœq‡bi avivq AviI †ekx DcK…Z n‡e| msM„nxZ Z_¨mg~n e¨w³MZfv‡e mbv³ bv K‡i Mo wfwËK we‡k −lY Kiv n‡e| G wel‡q K‡Vvi †MvcbxqZv i¶v Kiv n‡e| Avgiv Avkv Ki‡ev †h, Avcbviv mevB GB Av‡jvPbvq mwµqfv‡e AskMÖnY K‡i Avcbv‡`i my®úó gZvgZ w`‡q Avgv‡`i Kv‡R mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡eb|

GdwRwW mgšqKvixi bvgt ............................................ mnvqZvKvixi bvgt .............................................. `jxq Av‡jvPbvi ¯’vbt .............................................. ZvwiL: ............................................

`jxq Av‡jvPbvq AskMÖnYKvix‡`i Z_¨t µwgK

bs

bvg wj½ (cyi“l/ gwnjv)

eqm wk¶v †ckv c`ex (m`m¨)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. wb‡`©kbvt wba©vwiZ bg~bv GjvKvq (Dc‡Rjvq) cÖK‡íi AvIZvq †h K‡¤úv‡b‡›Ui KvR ev¯—evwqZ n‡q‡Q ïaygvÎ †mB ‡mB K‡¤úv‡›Ui Ici AskMÖnYKvix‡`i gZvgZ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e|

‡Rjv : ............................................ †KvW bs : .......................... Dc‡Rjv : ............................................ †KvW bs : .......................... BDwbqb :............................................. †KvW bs:........................

dig-8

115

5. GjvKvi (gwnjv I cyi“l Avjv`vfv‡e) gvby‡li cªavb †ckv wK? --- K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 6. cÖKí cieZ©x bZzb †Kvb Kv‡Ri my‡hvM m„wó n‡q‡Q wK? 7. FY I mÂq Gi myweav †c‡q‡Q wK? 8. Avcbv‡`i BDwbq‡b eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg Kviv w`‡q‡Q? K. Avcbv‡`i BDwbq‡b eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg hviv †c‡q‡Q Zv‡`i mK‡ji `L‡j Rwg Av‡Q wK? L. mK‡ji bv _vK‡j kZKiv KZR‡bi `L‡j eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg Av‡Q? M. eivÏK…Z Lvm Rwg `L‡j bv _vKvi KviY¸wj wK wK? 9. eZ©gv‡b Rwgi e¨envi wKfv‡e Kiv n‡”Q (evox, K…wlKvR Ges Ab¨ †Kvb Kv‡R e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q)? 10. Rwgi e¨envi K‡i wK wK A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q? 11. mvgvwRK A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’vi Z_¨:

Bmy K. cÖKí c~‡e© % L. eZ©gv‡b %

K.GjvKvi kZKiv KZfvM cwievi nZ`wi`ª/f~wgnxb

L. GjvKvi kZKiv KZfvM cwievi `wi`ª/wbgœweË

M. GjvKvi kZKiv KZfvM cwievi m”Qj/ga¨weË/Zvi †P‡q †ekx

12. mvgwMÖK wk¶v e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb :

Bmy¨ K. cÖKí c~‡e© L. eZ©gvb

K. cÖv_wgK wk¶v cªwZôv‡bi msL¨v

L. QvÎ-QvÎxi Dcw ’wZ

M. wk¶K Dcw¯’wZ

‡KvW :1. fv‡jv bq| 2. †gvUvgywU fv‡jv| 3. Lye fv‡jv

13. ^v ’ ‡mevi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb K. ¯v¯’¨ †mevi Dbœqb Kviv ev †Kvb cÖwZôvb K‡i‡Q? 14. bvix wbh©vZb cªwZ‡iv‡a wK Ae¯’v Pi GjvKvq weivR Ki‡Q? K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 15. evj¨ weev‡ni eZ©gv‡b wK Ae ’v Pi GjvKvq weivR Ki‡Q? K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 16. iv¯ÍvNvU Dbœq‡b d‡j Avcbv‡`i Pi GjvKvi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb K. ‡hvMv‡hvM e¨e ’vi Dbœqb Kviv K‡i‡Q? 17. mvgvwRK ebvqb Gi d‡j Avcbv‡`i Pi GjvKvi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 18. wgVv cvwbi cyKzi Lb‡bi d‡j Pi GjvKvi K…wl Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb : K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb K. K„wl e¨e ’vi Dbœqb Kviv K‡i‡Q? 19. AvBb k„sLjv cwiw ’wZi Dbœq‡bi Ae ’v: K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L. eZ©gvb 20. Mfxi bjK~c, cq:wb®‹vkb , wcU Uq‡jU e¨e¯’vi Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© ejyb: K. cÖKí c~‡e©, L.eZ©gvb 21. miKvixfv‡e Gi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb nIqvi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvi `vwi ªZv `~ixKi‡Yi wK wK cÖfve we¯Ívi K‡i‡Q? 22. miKvixfv‡e Gi Kvh©µg ev¯Íevqb nIqvi Kvi‡Y Pi GjvKvq Dc©vRb e„w× †c‡q‡Q Av‡jvPbv Ki“b (Avjv`vfv‡e mKj cÖK‡íi Z_¨

wb‡Z n‡e)| Recommendations: 23. GB cÖK‡íi eZ©gvb Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 24. GB cÖK‡íi mgm¨v mg~n m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 25. Avcbvi GjvKvi A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q wK bv? K. nu v n‡j, A_©‰bwZK Dbœqb m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 26. GB cÖK‡íi myweav mg~n we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 27. GB cÖK‡íi Amyweav mg~n we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb| 28. cieZ©x cÖK‡íi Kvh©µg wKfv‡e Av‡iv †ekx djcÖm~ I DbœZ Kiv hvq we¯ÍvwiZ ejyb|

116

Impact Evaluation Study of Char Development & Settlement Project-III

AeRvi‡fkb †PKwj÷(BWDB): evua/¯ −y&Bm †MU/Lvj

cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, Pi GjvKvi emevmKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i bx‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|

†Rjv:............................. †KvW bs:............. Dc‡Rjv:............................... †KvW bs:..........

BDwbqb:.......................... †KvW bs:.............. MÖvg: ...................................... †KvW bs:..........

Pi: 1. eqvi Pi ch©‡e¶YKvixi bvg: ............................ZvwiL: .................................Z_¨cÖ vbKvixi bvg, c`ex I wVKvbv: ...................................

BWDB: Water Management (cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³i KvQ ‡_‡K, e¨enviKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges ch©‡e¶YKvix wb‡R m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki‡eb)

1. cwi`wk©Z euv‡ai bvg:................................................................................................................................ K. ˆ`N© ..................................wK.wg. cÖ ’:.........................................wgUvi L. wbg©vY KvR ïi“...........................................†kl............................................. M. e¨q.......................................................UvKv N. ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q:............................................................................................................ O. eZ©gv‡b euvawU mPj/fvj Ae¯’vq Av‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv P. evua iv —v wn‡m‡e e¨envi n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv Q. euv‡ai cv‡k †Kvb MvQ jvMv‡bv Av‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv R. n¨uv n‡j, Mv‡Qi msL¨v ..................wU S. ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q?........................................................................................................... T. cÖK‡íi MvQ¸wj †eu‡P Av‡Q wKbv: 1. nu¨v 2. bv U. cÖK‡íi MvQ¸wji i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv nq/n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu¨v 2. bv V. Lv‡ji i¶Yv‡e¶Y wbqwgZ Kiv nq wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv W. euva wbg©v‡bi d‡j DcKvi n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv X. euva nIqvi d‡j ‡Kvb Amyweav n‡”Q/n‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv Y. nu v n‡j, wK ai‡bi Amyweavt ....................................................................................................................

2. ¯ −yBm †MBUt K. wbg©vY KvR ïi“........................................... †kl................................................................................ L. e¨q.......................................................UvKv N. ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q?......................................................................................................... O. ‡f›U msL¨v KqwU? ......................wU ‡f›U mvBR ................................. P. eZ©gv‡b ¯ −yBm †MBU mPj/fvj Ae ’vq Av‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv Q. −yBU †MBUwU wbqwgZ i¶Yv‡e¶Y Kiv nq/n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv R. ¯ −yBm †MUwU GjvKvi DcKv‡i Avm‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv O. −yBm †MUwU nIqvi d‡j †Kvb Amyweav n‡q‡Q/n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv P. nu v n‡j, wK ai‡bi Amyweav n‡q‡Q :...........................................................................................................................

dig-9

117

3. cvwb wb®‹vkb Lvj Lbb: ˆ`N© ..................................wKwg cÖ ’: ...............................................wg. K. Lbb KvR ïi“...........................................†kl............................................. L. e¨q.......................................................UvKv O. ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb KvRwU m¤úbœ K‡i‡Q?........................................................................................................................... P. eZ©gv‡b wK Ae ’vq Av‡Q: ...................................................................................................................................... Q. Lv‡ji i¶Yv‡e¶Y wbqwgZ Kiv nq wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv R. Lv‡ji yB cv‡o †Kvb cÖKvi fv½b Av‡Q wKbv 1. nu v 2. bv T. wb®‹vkb Lvj Lb‡bi d‡j DcKvi n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv P. wb®‹vkb Lvj Lb‡bi d‡j ‡Kvb Amyweav n‡q‡Q ev n‡”Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv Q. nu v n‡j, wK ai‡bi Amyweavt ...................................................................................................................................

4. BWDB Gi cÖKí¸‡jv eb¨v wbqš¿‡Y †Kvb f~wgKv ivL‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv K. BWDB Gi cÖKí¸‡jv grm¨ Drcv`‡b f~wgKv ivL‡Q wKbv: 1. nu¨v 2. bv L. BWDB Gi cÖKí¸‡jv GjvKvi DcKv‡i Avm‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv M. BWDB Gi cÖKí¸‡jv ev¯ÍevwqZ nIqvi d‡j ‡Kvb Amyweav n‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv

AeRvi‡fkb †PKwj÷ (f~wg gš¿Yvjq)t Rwg e‡›`ve¯—/UzBb nvDR/ cybe©vmb

cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, Pi GjvKvi emevmKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i bx‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|

ch©‡e¶YKvixi bvg: .......................ZvwiL: ............................Z_¨cÖ`vbKvixi bvg, c`ex I wVKvbv: ............................ (ch©‡e¶YKvix wb‡R ch©‡e¶Y K‡i we¯—vwiZfv‡e Z_¨ wjwce× Ki‡eb)

Rwg e‡›`ve¯— `wjj 1. cwievi Gi KvQ †_‡K Lvm Rwg e‡›`ve¯Í (f~wg gš¿Yvjq †_‡K cÖvß)`wjjwU msMÖn K‡i Ges Zv ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g wbgœwjwLZ Z_¨¸‡jv

wjwce× Ki“b: K. RwgwU Kvi Kvi bv‡g cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q: 1. ............................................ 2. ...................................................... L. wK cwigvY Rwg cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q: .................................................. kZvsk /weNv/ GKi/†n±i M. †Kvb Zvwi†L cÖ vb Kiv n‡q‡Q: w`b.......gvm...........eQi.............. N. ‡Kvb cÖwZôvb RwgwU cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb: .................................................. O. RwgwUi †Kvb g~j¨ aiv n‡q‡Q wKbv? 1. n uv 2. bv P. n¨uv n‡j KZ UvKv aiv n‡q‡Q? ...........................................UvKv 2. RwgwU wKfv‡e e¨envi Ki‡Qb: 1. K…wlKvR 2. emev‡mi Rb¨ 3. fvov †`Iqv n‡q‡Q 4.wewµ K‡i P‡j †M‡Q 5. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`ó Ki“b): .............................................. 3. K…wlKv‡R Rwg e¨envi K‡i _vK‡j we¯ÍvwiZ e¨envi Ki“Y:

.................................................................................................. 4. K…wlKvR Qviv Ab¨Kv‡R e¨envi K‡i _vK‡j Zv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce×

Ki“Y:............................................................................

UzBb nvDR

5. UzBb nvDRwU‡Z KqwU i“g ev Ni i‡q‡Q : ......................wU 6. UzBb nvD‡Ri e¨envi wKfv‡e Kiv n‡PQ : 1.emevm Ki‡Q 2.fvov w`‡q‡Q 7. KZw`b hver GB Ni ‡c‡q‡Qb? ......................... mb 8. K‡e †_‡K wb‡R emevm Kiv ïi“ K‡i‡Qb? ......................... mb 9. NiwU †c‡Z †K Avcbv‡K mnvqZv K‡i‡Qb?

...................................................................................................................... 10. UzBb nvD‡R cwiev‡ii KZRb †jvK emevm K‡i: ......................Rb 11. UzBb nvDR Gi eZ©gvb AKvi GKwU cwiev‡ii Rb¨ ch©vß wKbv: 1. n uv 2. bv K. bv n‡j †Kb ch©vß bq: .................................................................................................................................................. 12. emZ N‡ii aiY:

weeiY Dcv`vb †KvW

118

†`qvj ‡g‡S

Pvj/Qv` ‡KvW- 1. gvwU 2. euvk 3. cvUKvwV/cvZv RvZxq 4. BU 5. wUb 6. cwjw_b 7. KvV 8. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j −&L Ki“b) .............

13. GKwU cyKz‡ii cv‡k KqwU UzBb nvDR ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q: ...................................wU 14. cyKz‡i gsm¨ Pvl Kiv nq wK bv: 1. n uv 2. bv 15. gsm¨ Pvl GKKfv‡e bv `jxqfv‡e Kiv nq: K. GKKfv‡e L. `jxqfv‡e 16. gsm¨ Pvl K‡i GjvKvi gvby‡li wK wK A_©‰bwZK I mvgvwRK Dbœqb n‡q‡Q m‡iRwg‡b GjvKv Ny‡i ch©‡e¶Y K‡i we —vwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki“b: ......................................................................................................................................... cybe©vmb 17. cybe©vm‡bi †¶‡Î mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv K. n uv n‡j, wK wK mnvqZv †c‡q‡Q (DcKiY †c‡q _vK‡j D‡j −L Ki‡Z n‡e):

‡Kvb ms ’v cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb wK wK DcKiY cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb 1. grm¨ 2. K…wl

3. Abvb¨ ( D‡j−L Ki“Y) 18. f~wgnxb cwievi¸‡jvi c~be©vm‡bi Rb¨ wK wK Kvh©µg cÖK‡íi AvIZvq ev¯Íevqb Kiv

n‡q‡Q:......................................................... 19. KZwU f~wgnxb cwievi GB cÖK‡íi AvIZvq cybe©vwmZ n‡q‡Q: ...................................wU

AeRvi‡fkb †PKwj÷ (LGED): eªxR/KvjfvU©/i“ivj †ivW/mvB‡K¬vb †m›Uvi

cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, Pi GjvKvi emevmKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i bx‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|

ch©‡e¶YKvixi bvg: .........................ZvwiL: .........................Z_¨cÖ`vbKvixi bvg, c`ex I wVKvbv: .............................. i“ivj †ivW (MÖvgxY iv¯—v) Z_¨ cÖ vb Kvixi bvg, c`ex I †dvb b¤it ............................................................................................................................

1. ¯‹x‡gi ev ev¯—evwqZ cÖK‡íi (iv¯—vi) bvg : ......................................................................................................................

2. iv¯—vwU bZzb wbwg©Z bvwK eb¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯— eªxR/KvjfvU© cybe©vmb/ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q : 1. bZzb wbwg©Z 2. ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q K. iv —vi aib: 1. Dc‡Rjv †ivW (wdWvi †ivW) 2. BDwbqb †ivW (i“ivj †ivW) L. cy‡iv iv —vwU wK GB cÖK‡íi AvIZvq wbg©vY Kiv n‡q‡Q/ cybe©vmb Kiv n‡q‡Q?

1. nu v 2. bv (bv n‡j, cy‡iv iv —vwUi ˆ`N© KZ wK‡jvwgUvi: .........................wK.wg.) 3. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq GjwRBwW KZ©„K ev¯—evqbK…Z iv —vi cwigvc:

iv —vi cwigvc wba©vwiZ j¶¨gvÎv (wWRvBb Abymv‡i Kivi K_v wQj)

AwR©Z j¶¨gvÎv (ev —‡e wbwg©Z) ch©‡e¶‡Yi cwigvY (hZUzKz ch©‡e¶Y Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi cwigvc)

‰`N © .............................wK.wg. .............................wK.wg. .............................wK.wg. cÖ ’ ...............................wgUvi ...............................wgUvi ...............................wgUvi

4. ‡gvU e¨q (UvKv): wba©vwiZ eivÏK…Z e¨q : ...............................UvKv cÖK…Z e¨q : ...............................UvKv

5. iv —v wbg©vY/cybe©vm‡bi KvR : ïi“ n‡qwQj: ..................(gvm I eQi) ‡kl n‡qwQj: ...................(gvm I eQi) 6. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx KvR m¤úv`‡bi wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ KvRwU †kl n‡qwQj wKbv: 1. nu¨v 2. bv

K. bv n‡j, †Kb nqwb? ............................................................................................................................................. 7. iv¯—v-NvU i¶Yv‡e¶Y I ms¯‹v‡ii Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ’vbxq †Kvb KwgwU (†jevi KbUªvKwUs †mvmvBwU) Av‡Q wKbv? 1. nu¨v 2. bv 8. iv —v wbg©v‡Yi/cybe©vm‡bi ci n‡Z G hver KZevi ms¯‹vi (i¶Yv‡e¶Y I †givgZ) Kiv n‡q‡Q? ................evi 9. iv¯—v wbg©v‡Yi/cybe©vm‡bi ci GjwRBwW-i †Kvb cwi`k©bKvix wKsev Kg©KZ©v gv‡S gv‡S cwi`k©b K‡i iv¯—vi KwgwU‡K (i¶Yv‡e¶Y

KwgwU‡K) †Kvb civgk© †`b wK? 1. n uv 2. bv 10. GB iv —v wbg©v‡Yi Av‡M hvZvqvZ e¨e ’v †Kgb wQj?

119

1. fv‡jv 2. †gvUvgywU/PjvPj ‡hvM¨ 3. Lvivc 4. G‡Kev‡iB PjvP‡ji A‡hvM¨ 5. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b)................. 11. iv¯—vwU eZ©gv‡b PjvP‡ji Dc‡hvMx wKbv? 1. n uv 2. bv 12. ch©‡e¶‡Yi mg‡q iv¯—vq †jvK PjvPj I hvbevnb PjvP‡ji Ae¯’v †Kgb

wQj?........................................................................... 13. eZ©gv‡b iv¯—vwU‡Z wK wK hvbevnb PjvPj Ki‡Q? (ch©‡e¶YKvix ch©‡e¶‡Yi mgq †h †h hvbevnb PjvPj Ki‡Z ‡`‡L‡Qb) 14. eZ©gv‡b iv¯—vi †Kvb Ask †f‡½ bó n‡q Av‡Q wKbv ev †givgZ †hvM¨ wKbv?

1. †Kvb Ask †f‡½ bó n‡q †M‡Q 2.fv½v wKš‘ †givgZ †hvM¨ 3. DfqB K. fv½v Ask¸‡jv ev †givgZ‡hvM¨ Ask¸‡jv wK wK Zvi bvg D‡j −L Ki“b: ..................................................................................... L. eZ©gv‡b iv¯—vwUi Ae¯’v †Kgb (†hgb Kv‡c©wUs wVK Av‡Q wKbv, iv —vq †Kvb fv½v‡Pviv Av‡Q wKbv, KvuPv iv¯—vq gvwU m‡i wM‡q MZ© n‡q‡Q wKbv, PjvP‡ji Amyweav n‡”Q wKbv, wK ai‡bi Amyweav, ms¯‹v‡ii cª‡qvRb Av‡Q wKbv, ‡Kvb †KvbUvi wK wK ms¯‹v‡ii cÖ‡qvRb Av‡Q BZ¨vw` we¯—vwiZ Z_¨ wjwce× Ki“b)t .................................................................................................................................................. eªxR/KvjfvU© Z_¨ cÖ vb Kvixi bvg, c`ex I †dvb b¤it ............................................................................................... cwi`wk©Z eªxR/ KvjfvU© Gi bvg............................................................................................................................................ 1. ¯‹x‡gi bvg I AvBwW bs (†h iv¯—vi Dci eªxRwU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q):

............................................................................................. 2. eªxRwU bZzb wbwg©Z bvwK eb¨vq ¶wZMÖ¯— eªxR/KvjfvU© ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q: 1. bZzb wbwg©Z 2. ms¯‹vi Kiv n‡q‡Q K. †h iv —vi Dci eªxRwU/ KvjfvU©wU wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q †mB iv —vwUi ˆ`N © KZ wgUvi? ..................................wgUvi L. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq D³ iv —vq KZwU eªxR/ KvjfvU© wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q? ..................................wU M. iv¯—vwU Dc‡Rjv moK bv BDwbqb moK/MÖvgxY moK: 1. Dc‡Rjv moK 2. BDwbqb/MÖvgxY moK N. KqwU BDwbq‡bi †jvKRb eªxRwU/ KvjfvU© wU ‡ewk e¨envi K‡i _v‡K?........................................................................................ 3. eªxR / KvjfvU©-Gi cwigvc:

iv¯—vi cwigvc wba©vwiZ j¶¨gvÎv (wWRvBb Abymv‡i Kivi K_v wQj)

AwR©Z j¶¨gvÎv (ev¯—‡e wbwg©Z ) ch©‡e¶‡Yi djvdj (m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡e¶‡bi mgq wjwce× Ki“b)

K. ¯ú¨vb msL¨v ......................wU ......................wU ......................wU ‰`N© : ......................wgUvi ‰`N© : ......................wgUvi ‰`N© : ......................wgUvi cÖ ’: .......................wgUvi cÖ ’: .......................wgUvi cÖ ’: .......................wgUvi

L. eªxR/KvjfvU© Gi cwigvc

D”PZv: ...................wgUvi D”PZv: ...................wgUvi D”PZv: ...................wgUvi

4. cÖKíwUi AvIZvq GB iv —vi eªxRwU/ KvjfvU©wU wbg©v‡Yi Rb¨: ‡gvU eivÏK…Z A_©t ...........................(UvKv) †gvU cÖK…Z e¨q KZ n‡qwQj? ....................(UvKv)

5. eªxRwU/ KvjfvU©wU wbg©vY KvR : ïi“ n‡qwQj: ................. (gvm I eQi) ‡kl n‡qwQj: .................(gvm I eQi) 6. eªxRwU/ KvjfvU©wU wbg©vY Kv‡Ri mgq KZRb kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj? cyi“l ........Rb gwnjv .......Rb 7. j¶¨gvÎv Abyhvqx KvR m¤úv`‡bi wba©vwiZ mg‡qi g‡a¨ KvRwU †kl n‡qwQj wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb?

1. mswk−ó wVKv`vi‡`i Kv‡R Ae‡njv 2. mswk−ó Kv‡Ri Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq gvjvgv‡ji `y®cÖvc¨Zv

3. cÖ‡qvRbxq gvjvgv‡ji A ^vfvweK g~j¨ e„w× 4. mswk−ó Kv‡R e¨eüZ miÄvgvw` I hš¿cvwZ ch©vß bv _vKv

5. cÖ‡qvRbxq A‡_©i ms¯’vb bv _vKv

6. mswk−ó KZ…©c‡¶i Amn‡hvwMZv 7. ’vbxqfv‡e Puv`vevR, `y®K…ZKvix I UvDU‡`i cÖwZeÜKZv

m„wó 8. cÖvK…wZK wech©‡q mgm¨vi m„wó nIqv

9. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw ©ó Ki“b) ........................................

8. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq D³ iv —vq KqwU eªxR / KvjfvU© wbwg©Z n‡q‡Q: K. eªxR:..........wU L. KvjfvU©: ..........wU 9. hLb cÖKíwU ev —evwqZ nq ZLb iv¯—vi aib wK iKg wQj? 1. cy‡ivUvB cvKv iv —v (cxP XvjvB-Kv‡c©wUs Kiv) 2. KuvPv ev gvwUi iv¯—v 3. Avav-cvKv I Avav KuvPv iv —v 4. Ab¨vb¨ (wbw`©ó Ki“b)............................................................................................................................. 10. wbg©vYK…Z eªxR ¸‡jvi †givgZ I i¶Yv‡e¶Y cÖwµqv wKfv‡e n‡”Q: ........................................................................................ K. Kv‡`i Øviv GB †givgZ I i¶Yv‡e¶‡Yi KvR Kiv‡bv n‡q _v‡K: ............................................................................................. 11. eªxR/KvjfvU© i¶Yv‡e¶Y I ms®‹v‡ii Kv‡Ri Rb¨ ¯’vbxq †Kvb KwgwU (†jevi KbUªvKwUs †mvmvBwU) Av‡Q wKbv? 1. nu¨v 2. bv

K. nu v n‡j, KwgwUi bvg wK? ....................................................................................................................................... M. GB KwgwU‡Z kZKiv KZfvM gwnjv I KZfvM cyi“l?

12. eªxRwU/ KvjfvU©wU wbg©v‡Yi ci n‡Z G hver KZevi ms¯‹vi (i¶Yv‡e¶Y I †givgZ) Kiv n‡q‡Q?........................evi 13. eªxRwU/ KvjfvU©wU wbg©v‡Yi ci GKeviI i¶Yv‡e¶Y I †givg‡Zi KvR Kiv bv n‡j, wK Kvi‡Y nqwb?

.............................................

120

14. eªxR©wU/ KvjfvU©wU wbg©v‡Yi ci GjwRBwW-i †Kvb cwi`k©bKvix wKsev Kg©KZ©v gv‡S gv‡S cwi`k©b K‡i eªxR/KvjfvU© KwgwU‡K (i¶Yv‡e¶Y KwgwU‡K) †Kvb civgk© †`b wK? 1. n uv 2. bv

K. nu¨v n‡j, wK wK K…wl cY¨ I mvgMªx cwienb Kiv nq?.............................................................................................................. 15. eªxRwU / KvjfvU©wU wbwg©Z nevi d‡j K…wl c‡Y¨i cwienb LiP †e‡o‡Q bv K‡g‡Q: K. †e‡o‡Q.......................% L. K‡g‡Q..................................% N~wY©So Avkªq‡K›`ª Z_¨ cÖ vb Kvixi bvg, c`ex I †dvb b¤it............................................................................................................................. cwi`wk©Z Avkªq‡K‡›`ªi bvg............................................................................................................................................ 16. cÖK‡íi AvIZvq KqwU N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q:.........................................wU 17. KqZjv wewkó N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª ˆZix Kiv n‡q‡Q:......................................................Zjv 18. KZRb †jvK GK‡Î Avkªq wb‡Z cvi‡e:.....................................................................Rb 19. cÖKíwUi AvIZvq N~wY©So Avkªq‡K› ª wbgv‡Y©i Rb¨: ‡gvU eivÏK…Z A_©...............................................(UvKv) ‡gvU cÖK„Z e¨q n‡q‡Q .....................................(UvKv) 37. Avkªq‡K› ª e¨env‡i †Kvb Amyweav Av‡Q wKbv: 1. n uv 2. bv K. n uv n‡j wK ai‡bi Amyweav: ........................................................................................................................................... 38. N~wY©So Avkªq‡K›`ª m¤úwK©Z we¯—vwiZ Z_¨: (ch©‡e¶YKvix m‡iRwg‡b ‡`‡L we —vwiZ wjwce× Ki“b)

cÖavb cÖavb Ask gš—e¨ 1. Avkªq‡K‡›`ªi bvg:

K.GjvKvi bvg: L.MÖvg:

M.BDwbq‡bi bvg: 2. Avkªq‡K›`ªwU KZZjv wewkó

3. Avkªq‡K‡›`ª KZRb †jvK GK‡Î Avkªq wb‡Z cvi‡e 4. ~‡h©vM cieZ©x Avk&ªq †K› ª ¸‡jv wK Kv‡R Ges wKfv‡e e¨envi Kiv nq

39. ch©‡e¶YK…Z Avkªq‡K›`ªwU eZ©gv‡b e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx wKbv? 1. n¨uv 2. bv K. bv n‡j, †Kb e¨env‡ii Dc‡hvMx bq:.........................................................................................................................

AeRvi‡fkb †PKwj÷ (Rb¯^v¯’¨ cÖ‡KŠkj Awa`ßi): Mfxi bjK~c/wcU Uq‡jU/ KwgDwbwU Uq‡jU/ KwgDwbwU cyKzi

cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, Pi GjvKvi emevmKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i bx‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|

ch©‡e¶YKvixi bvg: .....................ZvwiL: ........................Z_¨cÖ`vbKvixi bvg, c`ex I wVKvbv: ...................................

Public Health Engineering Department (DPHE)

e¨enviKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges ch©‡e¶YKvix wb‡R Mfxi bjK‚c, wcU Uq‡jU, m‡iRwg‡b ch©‡e¶‡Yi gva¨‡g Z_¨ msMÖn K‡i we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki‡eb) Mfxi bjK~c 1. Wxc wUDeI‡qj/Mfxi bjK~cwUi Ae¯’vb:

........................................................................................................................ 2. Mfxi bjK~cwU eZ©gv‡b Kvh©Kix Av‡Q wKbv: 1.n¨vu 2.bv 3. bjK~cwUi Ae ’v‡bi RvqMv cvKv Av‡Q wKbv: 1.n¨vu 2.bv 4. bjK~cwUi cwiPh©v †K ev Kviv K‡ib: ............................................................................................................................. 5. Mfxi bjK~cwU ch©‡e¶Y K‡i eZ©gv‡bi mvwe©K Ae¯’v eY©bv Ki“Y:......................................................................................... wcU Uq‡jU

121

6. GKwU wcU Uq‡jU KqwU Lvbv hyM¥fv‡e e¨envi K‡i: ............................wU Lvbv 7. wK wK DcKiY w`‡q wcU Uq‡jUwU ‰Zix Kiv n‡q‡Q:........................................................................................................... 8. wcU Uq‡jUwU eZ©gv‡b e¨envi n‡”Q wKbv: 1.n¨vu 2.bv

K. bv n‡j, †Kb e¨envi Kiv n‡”Q bv :...........................................................................................................................

9. wcU Uq‡jUwU ch©‡e¶Y K‡i eZ©gv‡bi mvwe©K Ae¯’v eY©bv Ki“Y: ...........................................................................................

KwgDwbwU Uq‡jU

10. wKwgDwbwU Uq‡jwUi Ae¯’vb: ........................................................................................................................................

11. KwgDwbwU Uq‡jwUi e¨envi Dc‡hvMx wK bv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv L. bv n‡j, †Kb Ki‡Q bv: ...........................................................................................................................................

12. KwgDwbwU Uq‡jwUi e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU Av‡Q wKbv Ges GB KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ wK I wKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq:.............................................. 13. KwgDwbwU Uq‡jwUi ch©‡e¶Y K‡i eZ©gv‡bi mvwe©K Ae¯’v eY©bv

Ki“Y:..................................................................................... KwgDwbwU cyKzi 14. KwgDwbwU cyKziwUi Ae ’vb: ........................................................................................................................................ 15. KwgDwbwU cyKziwU e¨envi Dc‡hvMx wK bv: 1. n uv 2. bv

K. n¨uv n‡j, mevB KwgDwbwU cyKziwU e¨envi Ki‡Q wK bv: 1. n uv 2. bv L. bv n‡j, †Kb Ki‡Q bv: ...........................................................................................................................................

16. KwgDwbwU cyKziwU‡Z grm¨ Pvl Kiv nq wKbv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv 17. n¨uv n‡j, Kviv grm¨ Pvl K‡i: .................................................................................................................................... 18. KwgDwbwU cyKziwU e¨e¯’vcbv KwgwU Av‡Q wKbv Ges GB KwgwUi `vwqZ¡ wK I wKfv‡e cwiPvwjZ nq:

............................................................................................................................................................................

AeRvi‡fkb †PKwj÷(K…wl Awa`ßi): K…lK `j/cÖ`k©bx Rwg

cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, Pi GjvKvi emevmKvix‡`i mv‡_ K_v e‡j Ges m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i bx‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|

ch©‡e¶YKvixi bvg: .......................ZvwiL: ..........................Z_¨cÖ vbKvixi bvg, c`ex I wVKvbv: ...............................

Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) 1. K…lK‡`i wb‡q ‡Kvb `j MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv 2. n¨uv n‡j, KZRb wb‡q `j MVb Kiv n‡q‡Q: ........................ Rb 3. GB `j wK wK KvR K‡i ev K‡i‡Q:

cÖKí PjvKvjxb cÖKí cieZ©x

4. K…lK `j †Kvb cÖ k©bx †c‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, cÖ k©bx †_‡K wK wK †`Iqv n‡q‡Q?

DcKiY cwigvY 1. Rwg 2.exR 3. mvi

L. †Kvb †Kvb k‡m¨i cÖ`k©bx n‡q‡Q? k‡m¨i bvg k‡m¨i RvZ

1. 2.

122

M. KqwU cÖ`k©bx D³ GjvKvq †`Iqv n‡q‡Q: ................................................... wU 10. K…lK `j‡K ‡Kvb †Uªwbs/cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. n uv 2. bv K. nu¨v n‡j, wK ai‡bi cÖwk¶Y †`Iqv n‡q‡Q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki“b: ...................................................................................... L. cÖwk¶Y Kv‡R †j‡M‡Q wKbv: 1. n uv 2. bv M. n uv n‡j cÖwk¶Y †c‡q Zviv wK wK KvR Ki‡Q we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki“b:.................................................................................. 6. KqwU cÖ k©bx Rwg †`qv n‡q‡Q?..........................................wU 7. cÖ k©bxi Rwg‡Z Ab¨ Rwgi Zzjbvq djb fvj nq wKbv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv 8. eZ©gvb AvenvIqvq c~‡e©i Zzjbvq km¨ Drcv`‡b cwieZ©b n‡”Q wKbv: 1. n¨uv 2. bv L. cwiewZ©Z AvenvIqv †gvKv‡ejvi Rb¨ wK wK cÖhyw³ DAE Kg©KZ©v‡`i gva¨‡g K…lK `j †c‡q‡Q Zv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e wjwce× Ki“b: .................................................................................................................................................................................... 9. jeYv³Zv ~ixKi‡Y wK wK Kvh©µg †bqv n‡q‡Q:................................................................................................................... 10. Kvh©µg¸‡jv eZ©gv‡b we`¨gvb Av‡Q wKbv: 1.n¨uv 2.bv

AeRvi‡fkb †PKwj÷ (eb Awa`ßi) t iv¯—vi cv‡k/euv‡ai Dci e„¶†ivcY/ebvqb

cÖKí mswk −ó e¨w³‡K wRÁvmv K‡i, GjvKvi †jvK‡`i KvQ †_‡K ‡R‡b Ges m‡iRwg‡b cwi`k©b K‡i bx‡Pi Z_¨¸‡jv msMÖn K‡i wjwce× Ki‡Z n‡e|

ch©‡e¶YKvixi bvg: ....................ZvwiL: ...........................Z_¨cÖ vbKvixi bvg, c`ex I wVKvbv: ................................

iv¯—vi cv‡k e„¶†ivcY/ebvqb

1. ev —evwqZ cÖK‡íi (‡h iv —vq e„¶‡ivcY/ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q) bvg : ......................................................................................... 2. ‡h iv —vi `ycv‡k e„¶‡ivcY/ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q †m iv —vi aib¸‡jv wjwce× Ki“b:

1. Dc‡Rjv †ivW (wdWvi †ivW) 2. BDwbqb †ivW (i“ivj †ivW) 3. Ab¨vb¨ (bvg D‡j −L Ki“b) .................. 3. mvgvwRK ebvqb †Kvb cÖwZôvb ev wWcvU©‡g›U K‡i‡Q:

1. d‡i÷ wWcvU©‡g›U 2. Ab¨ ‡KD: (bvg D‡j −L Ki“b) ............................................... 4. (‡h iv —vi `ycv‡k e„¶‡ivcY Kiv n‡q‡Q) GB iv —vwU †Kvb cÖwZôvb ev wWcvU©‡g›U K‡i‡Q:

1. GjwRBwW 2. Ab¨ Kv‡iv: (bvg D‡j−L Ki“b) ............................................... 5. GB iv —vwUi ycv‡k KZ wK‡jvwgUvi iv —vq e„¶‡ivcY/ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q: .........................................wK‡jvwgUvi 6. ‡gvU e¨q (UvKv): wba©vwiZ eivÏK…Z e¨q : ...............................UvKv

cÖK…Z e¨q : ...............................UvKv 7. GB iv —vq e„¶‡ivcY/ebvq‡bi KvR : ïi“ n‡qwQj: ..................(gvm I eQi) ‡kl n‡qwQj:..................(gvm I eQi) 8. e„¶‡ivc‡Yi Kv‡R KZRb kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj : cyi“l ..............Rb gwnjv ..............Rb 9. GB iv —vi ycv‡k MvQ jvMv‡bvi Kv‡R P‡ii gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj wKbv/wb‡qvM †`qv n‡qwQj wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv K. ebvq‡bi wK wK Kv‡R gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj : ................................................................................................................... 10. GB iv —vi ycv‡k †gvU KZwU e„¶‡ivcY Kivi K_v wQj: .................wU 11. cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK KZwU e„¶ †ivcb Kiv n‡q‡Q: ................wU 12. iv —vi ycv‡k wK wK ai‡bi MvQ jvMv‡bv

n‡q‡Q?................................................................................................................. 13. iv¯—vi ycv‡k †ivcYK…Z MvQ¸‡jvi kZKiv KZfvM MvQ eZ©gv‡b †eu‡P Av‡Q? ................% 14. g‡i hvIqv MvQ¸‡jvi RvqMvq cybivq MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wKbv : 1. nu v 2. bv

euv‡ai Dci e„¶†ivcY/ebvqb

15. ¯‹x‡gi ev ev —evwqZ cÖK‡íi (‡h euv‡ai Dci e„¶‡ivcY/ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q)bvg : ..................................................................... 16. ‡h euv‡ai Dci e„¶‡ivcY/ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q Zvi aiY wjwce× Ki“b:

..................................................................................... 17. GB euv‡ai Dci KZ wK‡jvwgUvi Rwg‡Z e„¶‡ivcY/ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q: .........................................wK‡jvwgUvi 18. ‡gvU e¨q (UvKv): wba©vwiZ eivÏK…Z e¨q : ...............................UvKv

cÖK…Z e¨q : ...............................UvKv 19. GB euv‡ai Dci e„¶‡ivcY/ebvq‡bi KvR : ïi“ n‡qwQj: ...............(gvm I eQi) ‡kl n‡qwQj:..............(gvm I eQi)

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20. GB euv‡ai Dci e„¶‡ivc‡Yi Kv‡R KZRb kªwgK wb‡qvM Kiv n‡qwQj? cyi“l ..............Rb gwnjv ..............Rb 21. GB euv‡ai Dci †gvU KZwU e„¶‡ivcY Kivi K_v wQj: .................................................................... .wU 22. cwiKíbv †gvZv‡eK KZwU e„¶ †ivcY Kiv n‡q‡Q: .......................................................................wU 23. euv‡ai Dci wK wK ai‡bi MvQ jvMv‡bv

n‡q‡Q?................................................................................................................... 24. euv‡ai Dci ebvq‡bi Kv‡R GjvKvi gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj wKbv/wb‡qvM †`qv n‡qwQj wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv K. ebvq‡bi wK wK Kv‡R gwnjv‡`i AskMÖnY wQj: .................................................................................................................... 25. eZ©gv‡b euv‡ai Dci †ivcYK…Z MvQ¸‡jvi kZKiv KZfvM MvQ †eu‡P Av‡Q? ................% 26. g‡i hvIqv MvQ¸‡jvi RvqMvq cybivq MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡q‡Q wK? 1. nu¨v 2. bv 27. iv¯—vi `ycv‡k I euv‡ai Dci MvQ i¶Yv‡e¶Y I cwiPh©vi Rb¨ ¯’vbxq †Kvb KwgwU (†jevi KbUªvKwUs †mvmvBwU) Av‡Q wKbv : 1.

nu v 2. bv K. nu v n‡j, KwgwUi bvg:

............................................................................................................................................ L. Kviv GB KwgwUi m`m¨:

.......................................................................................................................................... M. GB KwgwU‡Z kZKiv KZfvM gwnjv I KZfvM cyi“l: gwnjv: ............% cyi“l: ..............% N. GB KwgwU wK wK KvR K‡i _v‡K:

.............................................................................................................................. O. Kv‡`i gva¨‡g (†Kvb KZ©„c‡¶i gva¨‡g) GB KwgwU KvR K‡i _v‡K:

................................................................................... P. A‡_©i †hvMvb Kviv w`‡q _v‡K (†Kvb cÖwZôvb ev Awa`ßi):

.............................................................................................. Q. †gvU KqwU KwgwU eqvi P‡i eZ©gv‡b KvR Ki‡Q: ..................................... wU

28. iv¯—vi `ycv‡k I euv‡ai Dci e„¶‡ivc‡Yi c‡i MvQ¸‡jvi i¶Yv‡e¶Y mwVKfv‡e Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv 29. g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q wKbv: 1. nu v 2. bv K. KZ †n±i Rwg‡Z g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvqb Kiv n‡q‡Q: .......................................... †n±i 30. eZ©gvb g¨vb‡MÖvf ebvq‡bi Ae¯’v ch©‡e¶Y K‡i mvwe©K gšÍe¨ cÖ vb Ki“b:

............................................................................... 31. iv¯—vi `yB cv‡k I euv‡ai Dci MvQ jvMv‡bvi d‡j GjvKvi wK myweav n‡”Q I Avcbviv wKfv‡e jvfevb n‡”Qb:................................... 32. iv¯—vi I euv‡ai Dci GB MvQ¸‡jvi wbqwgZ †`Lv‡kvbv Kiv ev hZœ ‡bqvi Kv‡R GjvKvi `wi`ª gwnjviv AskMÖnb K‡i wKbv:

1. nu v 2. bv 3. Rvwbbv 33. iv¯—vi cv‡k I euv‡ai Dci ‡ivcYK…Z e„¶¸‡jvi eZ©gvb Ae¯’v †Kgb:

1. †ivcYK…Z e„¶¸‡jv fv‡jv Av‡Q 2. †ivcYK…Z e„¶¸‡jv bó n‡q †M‡Q

3. e„¶ †ivc‡Yi †¶‡Î h_vh_ cwiPh©vi Afv‡e AwaKvsk MvQ g‡i †M‡Q (kZKiv ..............fvM) 4. eo MvQ¸‡jv Pzwi K‡i †K‡U wb‡q ‡M‡Q

5. Ab¨vb¨ (D‡j−L Ki“b) ....................................................................................................................... 34. iv —vq AvbygvwbK wK cwigvY/KZ¸‡jv MvQ jvMv‡bv Av‡Q: .........................(msL¨v D‡j −L Ki“b) 35. euv‡ai Dci wK cwigvY/KZ¸‡jv MvQ jvMv‡bv Av‡Q: .........................(msL¨v D‡j−L Ki“b) 36. Forest Department KZ…©K hZ¸‡jv MvQ jvMv‡bv n‡qwQj Zvi g‡a¨ kZKiv KZfvM MvQ †eu‡P Av‡Q:...................fvM(%)

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Appendix 6

GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH Implementation Monitoring and Evaluation Division, MINISTRY OF PLANNING

DISSEMINATION WORKSHOP ON IMPACT EVALUATION FINDINGS

WORKSHOP REPORT PRESENTATION – No – 5 On Impact Evaluation Study of Project

Char Development & Settlement Project (CDSP – III) BY: PROFESSOR MASUDA M. RASHID CHOWDHURY

Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka and Chief Rapporteur, 6 June, 2012 (Third Day, First Working Session)

SEMINAR DATE: Wednesday, 6th June, 2012 SESSION: FIRST WORKING SESSION, THIRD DAY TIME: 09.30 am – 11.15 am PLACE: NEC Conference Room, Planning Commission, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka CHAIRPERSON: Janab Mohammad Mozammel Huq Khan, Secretary, IMED Ministry of Planning STUDY REPORT: Impact Evaluation Study of Project “Char Development & Settlement Project (CDSP – III) PROJECT IMPLEMENTED BY: Six Ministries/Departments including Ministry of Water Resources EVALUATION REPORT PRESENTATION: Dr. Syed Jahangeer Haider, Evaluation Team Leader and Managing Director, READ DESIGNATED DISCUSSANT: Janab K.A.M. Shahiduzzaman, Director General, Water Development Board In his absence: Mr. Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman, Project Co-ordinator, CDSP - IV OPEN FLOOR DISCUSSION Participants: 1) Supriya Kumar Kundu, Deputy Secretary, 2)Mohammad Habibul Islam, Director, IMED, 3) Mr Zahid Hussain, Director General Social Sector, IMED, 4) Fatematuz Zohra, Assistant Director. IMED, 5) Dr. Khairul Islam, Director, IMED 6) Mr. Khalilur Rahman, Director, IMED, 7) Mr. Nasir, Executive Engineer, Project Director, LGED – CDSP IV, 8) Mr. Depattam Shannyal, Assistant Director, IMED CHAIRPERSON’S WELCOME ADDRESS: The Chairperson welcomed the participants and requested Team Leader to present his report. PRESENTATION OF STUDY TEAM LEADER: Dr. Syed Jahangeer Haider. presented study findings along with his Team of Consultants from READ through Power Point. Dr. Jahangeer Haider initially provided the Background information of the Project, which linked the poor Char people to mainstream development. It was a regional multi-sectoral and multi-agency programme and an umbrella Development Project Proforma (DPP) with separate DPPs for the participating 6 agencies. The Project identified poverty alleviation as the core intervention. The project pursued equal opportunities for men and women in the project activities. It was technically and financially supported by the Government of Bangladesh and the Government of the Netherlands (PP1). The CDSP implementation period was 65 months from July 2005 to February 2011. Dr. Haider then focused on the 5 sponsoring ministries; Ministries of Water Resources, Land, Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives, Agriculture Environment and Forest and 6 Executing Agencies: BWDB, LGED, Ministry of Land and DC Noakhali, DPHE, DAE, Forest Development. Study Methodology which conducted the project evaluation at three levels. In the Study Methodology was conducted with design of comparative

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assessment of outcome. Dr. Haider informed that the project interventions has 2 samples, considered as Participants and Part Participants (Beneficiaries). The participants were recipients of land title deeds, twin houses and other facilities in Boyer Char of Hatiya Upazilla. Part Participants had other interventions as latrines, tube-wells, training and poultry plants. Dr Jahangeer Haider mentioned that in the absence of Baseline data, evaluation was difficult and due to this absence of baseline data, questionnaires and all other data collection instruments inquired the status at both pre (2005 or prior) and post project (2010 and current) periods. He informed about the Sample Design for Quantitative Household Survey and the Sample Distribution in Household Survey. In PP12 Qualitative Investigations PCR and Evaluation Reports were reviewed and assessed. PRAs were conducted along with Intensive Interviews with officials and other stakeholders. He informed that READ completed data collection in March and April. The study was implemented in 2 Upazillas of Noakhali District, namely Hatiya and Subarno Char, where 100% of the household level quantitative data was collected. In the Qualitative section PCR and Evaluation Reports were reviewed Checklist samples of infrastructures of BWDB, LGED, DPHE, DAE and Forest Department. He informed that 30 PRAs, 3 FGDs, Intensive Interviews of 24 officials, 24 NGO personnel and 60 personnel of community level organizations were completed. A local level workshop was conducted in Boyar Char on 12 April 2012. While discussing on Data Analyses, Team Leader informed of the Focus on Inputs, Focus on Outputs, Focus on Outcome and Assessed the change over time. The Findings of PCR were explained especially regarding fund allocation of Government of Bangladesh and Government of the Netherlands. Findings of PCR focusing on Process efficiencies and Project implementation including the Strengths were discussed. Dr. Jahangeer Haider informed of Physical verifications/sample checks of Project Infrastructure and then in details of the Physical Verifications of LGED, DPHE and DAE. He talked of Study Findings and the Major Outcome Impact. He spoke of the Monthly Family income and then gave the result of Log Logistic Regression Analysis. He finally informed of the Strengths, Weaknesses and also the Recommendations put forward for BWDB, Ministry of Land, LGED, DPHE, DAE, Forest Department. The Team Leader concluded with Recommendations for future development in the area. He said that the Project was quite an important project. But bigger and Mid-Course Evaluation should have been done, he commented. He said that it is imperative that to sustain the development process, which has already taken off in the area, at a very minimum level though, both social and economic inputs and outcome must go hand in hand. In conclusion Dr. Syed Jahangeer Haider commented that linkage with Local Government was needed for future development. The Chairperson: The Chairperson said that the project was quite big and very important because many important departments and Ministries were involved in the implementation. He invited the Designated Discussant to present his views> DESIGNATED DISCUSSANT: Mr. Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman, Project Co-ordinator, CDSP – IV presented his observations and spoke of the project as Designated Discussant of the Working Session. Mr. Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman first provided a power-point presentation to inform of the CDSP Project – III activities. He showed the maps of the area and informed of the objectives of the project. He informed of the Agency - wise item of the works. He gave importance to Institutional Development and said that the institutions were community – based. He then showed photo slides of the area and activities concerned

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related to the project. Regarding the Report he said that the findings were quite good as presented by the Team Leader of READ. He commented that READ showed similarity in results with PCR. He informed that the officials of the Project sit monthly to discuss on the programmes and the project issues. The Report of READ showed development in agriculture. The Maintenance for the poor was in the Report. He commented, however, that CDSP IV fund has been kept for future programmes on these issues. The Chairperson: The Chairperson thanked the Designated Discussant, Mr. Mohammad Mahfuzur Rahman, for his wonderful presentation especially because he had provided slide presentations and discussed on the relevant issues with professionalism. OPEN FLOOR DISCUSSION: Supriya Kumar Kundu, Deputy Secretary, ERD said that he was very informed through the Report presentation by the Team Leader. He said that Bangladesh was a riverine country and here Chars will always arise here and there. In this issue CDSP- I, II, III, and so on had been completed and the Model from the Success Stories of these projects should be gathered for policy and programme formation. He said that Linkage was necessary with Local Government Institutes. We must find out other linkages for sustainability in future, he commented. The Chairperson: The Chairperson thanked for the good comments. He said that Chars were very important in the deltaic regions of Bangladesh and these issues need to be highlighted. Mohammad Habibul Islam, Director, IMED said that through the project the landless were given land for farming and building houses to stay. But actually, it is observed that in these Char areas the poor people were given land to stay by the god-fathers and the powerful people who were the land-grabbers, who used the poor people to control these un-used lands. He commented that these people must be given land directly through the project not through the land grabbers and criminals of the area, who must be ousted from the areas through habitation and occupancy. So community living must be ensured in one central place keeping farm lands further away to develop the social issues, especially education and health. He commented that to ensure the security of these people these issues must be observed and taken into account. The Chairman: He commented that due to lack of land, cluster village as residential areas would help save land for farming. He informed that social integration comes with people living together. Land grabbers do have their activities but these can be controlled through proper implementation of project activities. He said “Guccha Gram” and “Asram” places could help socio-economic stability for the poor landless people. Mr Zahid Hussain, Director General, Social Sector, IMED informed that the Char development project was not new but to develop the 5 areas together was a new initiative through the project. In these activities the land use and other issues were the main theme. There was a great co-ordination in the project activities he commented. However, Directorate of Agricultural Extension had a bad impact as their performance was very poor. Co-ordination among Ministries, the lackings identified and the reasons for these negligence must be put in the Report. He however, thanked the Team Leader for the detailed Report. The Chairperson: He commented that regarding trees, there were 65% survival – the Report was satisfactory regarding that. But he was not satisfied with the implementation. He talked of Replacement of trees. He also insisted that the issue of Fisheries and Livestock must be brought in the Project. Because there are water bodies for fish cultivation and enough land for poultry and livestock development. He thanked all for their performance.

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Fatematuz Zohr, Assistant Director. IMED issue of Nutritional Status Change should have been provided in the Report. The impact of health of the children was no where mentioned in the Report she commented. She said that it was mentioned that Women had attended and 65% had been benefited,-- but it is not mentioned in the Report how many women attended and the amount of money they received.

Dr. Khairul Islam, Director, IMED said that it was the landless who got land, but wanted to know what was the selection process. He said that for 5 years and 5 months the project implementation was undertaken but who were involved, who did which work, who did their work and in which way they performed and for how long is not covered in the Report. Mr. Khalilur Rahman, Director, IMED asked who had been to Subarno Char? He commented that it was said that there was lack of co-ordination in the implementation. He said that we cannot decide without going to the area and see for oneself. He commented that a lot of work and achievement had been attained through the project. PTO were incorporated through the project. Mr. Nasir, Executive Engineer, Project Director, LGED – CDSP IV said that he had to go to Hatiya for the project and mentioned his experiences of the difficulties and problems incurred while going to the project area initially. But now the whole Boyar Char is so developed that it can be traveled in a car, he informed. There the people have successful fishing activities. Hundreds of fishing boats are there and can be seen everywhere. The time length was 2000 to 2012 He said that in the project of CDSP IV the 3 areas are all coastal areas. The infrastructure works are being done. The areas are still undeveloped. But after the year 2018, we will see the actual development when all the people in the area survive in satisfactory conditions due to project implementation. He said that the 6 Ministries and Departments have co-operation amongst themselves. The Mission people also come to see the implementation programmes and are happy with the development activities. He commented that Education can be developed in cyclone shelters where schools can be made for the children. Health activities and electricity provisions will also be provided in due course he commented. Mr. Depattam Shannyal, Assistant Director, IMED informed that last year there was no fund for maintenance of plantations. After 2 years new trees have been planted. Through CDSP IV the maintenance can be done and forest areas developed. He informed that the number 85 hectors must be corrected in the Report. REPLY BY TEAM LEADER: The Team Leader, Dr. Syed Jahangeer Haider, commented that the discussion was very lively and informative. He informed that due to lack of time many issues could not be brought to focus through the Power Point presentation, the information of which is actually provided in the Report. Regarding “Role Model” he said that this was an innovative project, especially in the community level. He informed that Women’s Empowerment is given in details in the Report especially also information regarding tree plantation. He said that ERD discussant mentioned of “effectiveness” but this has already been highlighted ihn the Report at the appropriate places. Regarding the issue of god-father, the Team Leader read out a part concerning the issue from the Report. Including the some of the presentation report on the issues. He said that the cluster area development matter is also in the Report and it was interesting to find that the people had driven off the pirates of the neighbourhood and the vicinity and also the land grabbers from the area of the project. He commented that Co-ordination is a horizontal and longitudinal issue. Feed-back is necessary he said and is linked with MIS. He mentioned that the information on poultry is mentioned in the Report. He informed that 65% success of tree plantation was good for the project. He commented that Mr Khairul Hasan’s issue of “sincurization of Role” was a very good point. He said that Maturity in planning is necessary. He regretted that Baseline Study

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was not done in any project though it is extremely essential and very necessary. Regarding to visit to Char areas, which was asked by the participants, the Team Leader said that the members of the Team of Consultants have visited the Chars many times and for long and that is why all have become involved and know every details of the project activities through extensive visits to the project area. He informed that nutrition is reflected in the health area and can also be found in other Recommendations. Work days are lost and gained. Maintenance for Planning was necessary. Regarding Cyclone shelters, these issues were highlighted in the Report. In the end the Team Leader remarked that he had done evaluation of more than 150 development projects but this project according to him stands out for him as the unique one. CLOSING REMARKS OF CHAIRPERSON: The Chairperson was extremely satisfied with the presentation of the Report by the Team Leader, who had provided a convincing report and had complied with all the requirements needed for evaluation studies. He thanked the participants for their innumerable suggestions and information provided. Finally he thanked the Chief Rapporteur Professor Masuda M. Rashid Chowdhury, for her brilliant presentations which he felt was excellent as according to him nothing had been left out from the deliberations of the participants. He felt such excellent and superb rapporteuring was unusual and outstanding.

a

Research Evaluation Associates For Development Ltd. (READ)House # 404, Road # 29, New DOHS, Mohakhali, Dhaka-1206

Mobile #01714022715, 01819-224268, E-mail: read@bdcom.net; read_haider2007@yahoo.com; Web: www.readbd.org